UJorge Manrique

UJorge Manrique wayeyimbongi edumile yaseSpain ye-pre-Renaissance. Yize usuku lokufika kwakhe emhlabeni lungacaci, kunokuvumelana okumbeka eParedes de Nava (njengamanje, uCastilla y León) ngonyaka we-1440. inamandla futhi inethonya lezikhulu zaseCastilian.

Lokhu okungenhla kuqiniswa iqiniso lokuthi umalume wakhe wayeyimbongi ehlonishwayo uGómez Manrique kanti ubaba wakhe kwakunguRodrigo Manrique, u-Count of Paredes de Nava. FUTHIn ebusheni bakhe wafunda ezobuntu nasendaweni yezempi. Waze wahlanganyela ngempumelelo izimpi ahlukahlukene ezempi. Ngokunembile, kwesinye salezi zingxabano, waqhakambisa inkulumo ethi "ungaqambi amanga noma uzisole".

Ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ngaphandle kokushona ngaphambi kwesikhathi, wayenesikhathi sokushada noNkk. Guiomar de Castañeda futhi abe nobaba wezingane ezimbili: uLuir noLuisa. Ukushona kwenzeka ngo-1479, eneminyaka engu-39 nje kuphela, ngesikhathi sempi yokulandelana esivuna u-Isabel elwa noJuana la Beltraneja. Namuhla ungcwatshwe esigodlweni sezindela sase-Uclés.

Umsebenzi wokubhala kaJorge Manrique

Inani elikhulu lemibhalo yombongi waseParedeño likwazile ukudlula isikhathi futhi, ngalo, linqoba indawo ekungafini. SIzinkondlo zakhe zilandela umugqa wokuhlekisayo kanye ne-burlesque, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa uthando. Umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu yi-Elegy UCoplas ekufeni kukayise, kuthathwa njengendatshana eyiqiniso yezincwadi zaseSpain.

Umqondo

Ngaphandle kokufa kwakhe esevuthiwe ngokuphelele, ukuzinikela kwakhe ekubhaleni kwakumangalisa. Naphezu kokuba nesikhathi esincane, uManrique wayenethuba lokubhala imisebenzi eminingi. Eqoqwe yizifundiswa zaba ngamaqembu amathathu: uthando, i-burlesque nemfundiso. Cishe zonke zingaphakathi kwezinhlu zezinkondlo zokubhala izingoma zangaleso sikhathi.

Izinkondlo zombhali waseCastilian zinezingcezu ezingaba ngu-50. Kuzo ukhuluma ngenkanuko ngokusebenzisa izinganekwane ezinhle, (okwesikhathi sayo lokhu bekumele ihlazo). Kodwa-ke, akazange ahluleke ukuhambisana nemihlangano yezilimi yezinkondlo zeProvençal. Lokho wukuthi, iculo elisevesini elingu-octosyllable, ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama nezinto zempi othandweni isingathekiso.

Izinkondlo zothando

Ekubunjweni kwayo umbhali usebenzisa iculo le-troubadour. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ezinkondlweni zakhe eziningi ubhekisa empilweni yakhe yemizwa yangasese. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto ethile ekhulisa inani lazo njengezicucu zomlando (futhi-ke, zigcizelela ukubaluleka kwazo kwemibhalo).

Izinkondlo ezincane

Phakathi kwezinkondlo ezincane zikaJorge Manrique, enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yi- Ngomsebenzi awenze ngokulandelana kothando (yamavesi ayi-9 nje). Lapha kukhombisa ukuzinikela kothandiweyo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezenkolo olubheka izifungo zobumpofu nokulalela.

Enye yezinkondlo zakhe eziyizifanekiselo ithi Isikali sothando, kuyo ivikela ubuhlobo bothando uqobo njengokuthile okubalulekile. Ngokufanayo, en Inqaba yothando Hlola uthando lwasenkantolo, lapho intokazi ikhanya khona ngezipho zayo, ngenkathi isithandwa sakhe senza umsebenzi wokubuka lezo zimfanelo.

Ukuqanjwa kweBurlesque

Ngaphakathi kwalesi sitayela, uJorge Manrique wakha indida eqonde ngqo. Futhi, kwaqhuma a imizwa emnyama ukuthi akubona bonke abafundi bakhe abathandile. Lo mugqa unezicucu ezintathu kuphela. En Kumzala wakhe owayevimba izindaba zakhe zothando, isebenzisa incazelo ephindwe kabili ukwenza isifaniso phakathi kothando olungafuneki nochungechunge lwezwi elifanayo lwegama elifanayo (umzala).

Ngaphakathi ICoplas esikweletini ebesikhiphe ibhali endaweni yokucima ukoma, UManrique ugxeka kanzima intokazi (owakhuluma kabi ngaye). Umlingiswa okukhulunywa ngaye ubefuna ukuqhubeka nokuphuza futhi wanikela ngengubo yakhe njengenkokhelo. Owesithathu, Impatho ayenzele umama wakhe ongamzali, inamavesi ayi-120, ngakho-ke, umbhalo omude kunayo yonke yalokhu trident.

UCoplas ekufeni kukayise

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: UCoplas ekufeni kukayise

Origen

Waziqamba ngesikhathi sokushona kwenkosi uRodrigo Manrique, uyise, (isisulu somdlavuza). Imbongi igcine ubuhlobo obusondelene kakhulu nayo, ngalokho-ke, ukufa kwayo kwayilimaza kakhulu imizwa. Bonke ubuhlungu bakhe bufakwa ezinganekwaneni ngamavesi ahlanganisa isiko nokwakheka. Wababhalela "hot", ngokushesha emva kokufa.

Kula mavesi uzinikele ekucaciseni imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu ye-wake. Ngokulinganayo, ukhombisa uyise kubo bonke ubuqhawe bakhe, njengepharoni yobuhle futhi egcwele isibindi. Lapho, indikimba yokufa isondela isuka kokujwayelekile iye kumuntu omkhulu. Ukushicilelwa kwayo kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokushona kukaJorge Manrique futhi kwaba yizincwadi zakudala zaseSpain.

Isakhiwo

Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu:

• Okokuqala Iqukethe izigaba eziyishumi nane ezibhalwe njengesingeniso sokuziphatha. Ingqikithi yayo ifilosofi ethe xaxa ngethoni; kuphakamisa inani elincane lempilo yasemhlabeni namandla angunaphakade okufa.
• Engxenyeni yesibili kunezigatshana eziyishumi nanhlanu ezibekelwe ukunyamalala komzimba kwakamuva kwabantu ababalulekile.
• Ibhlokhi lesithathu linikezelwe ukuncoma kokubili impilo kayise - Ngubani ochazwa njengomuntu oyiqhawe neliqhawe lomKrestu-- abalingiswa abavelele baseRoma.

Ekugcineni, uManrique uqala ingxoxo ngokufa. Kokuphelele, imbongi iyakwazi ukumela ubukhona bomuntu ofayo ngendlela yesikhashana nasempilweni engunaphakade ngesibonakaliso esithe xaxa.

Ucezu lwe UCoplas ekufeni kukayise

III

«Izimpilo zethu yimifula
ukuthi bazonikela olwandle,
yini efayo;
lapho iya khona imanors
amalungelo okuphela
uyadla;
lapho imifula egelezayo,
lapho ezinye izithombo
abafana abaningi,
izihlobo, ziyefana
labo abaphila ngezandla zakhe
nabacebile.

V

«Lo mhlaba uyindlela
kokunye, okunsomi
ngaphandle kokuzisola;
kungcono ukwahlulela okuhle
ukuhamba lolu suku
ngaphandle kokwenza iphutha.
Sishiya lapho sizalwa,
sihamba sisaphila,
futhi safika
ngesikhathi esifa ngaso;
ngakho-ke lapho sifa,
siphumule ".

Unxantathu weManrique

Kungumzamo owethulwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s ngenxa yezakhamizi zesifundazwe saseCuenca, eCastilla-La Mancha. Kuyisipho empilweni nomsebenzi kaJorge Manrique ngomzila wabavakashi yakhelwe ukugubha ifa lakhe nokugqamisa isikhathi sakhe kulezi zingosi.

Ngokuqondile, Uhambo lunezindawo ezintathu zokuma: iCastle of Garcimuñoz, idolobha laseSanta María del Campo-Rus kanye nomasipala wase-Uclés. Enqabeni ebaluliwe walimala ngokufa, endaweni yesibili washona kwathi ekugcineni wamukela ithuna elingcwele.

Ukumaka indlela "yokuvuselelwa kwezinkondlo"

UJorge Manrique uthathwa njengezazi-mlando njengomkhiphi ofanele kakhulu wezincwadi zaseSpain. I-WHO, ngenxa yesimo sayo, sikhombisa ibhalansi ye-Renaissance ngenxa yokubhala kwayo ngokungagunci, ngesitayela esithobekile, esinesizotha nesemvelo. Lapho inhlamba ifika kuphela ekuqhakambiseni ubulula nezinsizakusebenza zokukhuluma ezijwayelekile zezimbongi zangekhulu le-XNUMX.