UJorge Guillen

UJorge Guillén Álvarez (Valladolid, 1893 - Málaga, 1984) wayeyilungu lembongi leGeneration of 27 ebonakala ngombono ongajwayelekile emhlabeni. Lowo mbono wamenza izitha phakathi kwabaculi abaningi baseSpain abahlupheka ngemuva kweMpi Yombango. Ngalesi sizathu, izazi-mlando zivame ukuqhathanisa isikhundla sakhe (ngokungafani) nethemba lokukhohlwa lika-Aleixandre lezinkondlo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uGuillén uthathwa njengembongi esephuzile - incwadi yakhe yokuqala yavela lapho eneminyaka engama-35 ubudala - kanye nomfundi oqondile kaJuan Ramón Jiménez. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubhalwa kwayo, Usebenze njengomgxeki futhi esebenzisana nabomagazini bezengqondo ababaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi eSpain. Phakathi kwabo, ISpain, iLa Pluma, Inkomba y I-Western Magazine.

I-Biography

UJorge Guillén wazalelwa eValladolid, Januwari 13, 1893. Kusukela ebuncaneni bakhe waya eColegio de San Gregorio waze wathuthela eFreiburg eneminyaka engu-16 eyofunda isiFulentshi. Kamuva, wahlala endaweni edumile yaseMadrid Student Residence ngenkathi efunda ifilosofi nezincwadi enhlokodolobha yaseSpain. Yize iziqu zakhe zagcina zitholakele eNyuvesi yaseGranada.

Umshado nemisebenzi yokuqala yokufunda

Phakathi kuka-1909 no-1911 wayehlala eSwitzerland. Kwathi ngo-1917 kuya ku-1923 wayengumfundi waseSpain eLa Soborna eParis, lapho aqala khona ukubhala izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi sokuhamba okuningi; kwesinye sazo wahlangana noGermaine Cahen, owashada naye ngo-1921. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezimbili, uClaudio noTeresa (Owokuqala waba ngumgxeki nochwepheshe wezincwadi zokuqhathanisa).

UJorge Guillén wabuyela eSpain ngo-1923. Ngonyaka olandelayo Uthole iziqu zobudokotela futhi kusukela ngo-1925 waqala ukufundisa iSpanishi Literature e-University of Murcia. Yize ebophezelekile ezifundweni, uGuillén waya ejwayelekile eResidencia de los Estudiantes, lapho enza khona ubungane nezibalo ezinjengoFederico García Lorca noRafael Alberti.

Indima yakho ngaphakathi kwesizukulwane sama-27

Ama-1920s kwakuyisikhathi lapho uGuillén aqala ukusebenza ngaphakathi komfudlana "wezinkondlo ezimsulwa." Kwakuwukuthambekela kokudala okubonakala ngokunemba kokuqukethwe nokungabikho kwemihlobiso ejwayelekile yesimanjemanje. Okuthunyelwe kwakho kokuqala, Chant (1923), kwakuqukethe izinkondlo ezingama-75 ezashicilelwa ku- I-Western Magazine.

UGuillén wakha imibhalo yakhe njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo, ngakho-ke, Chant Yanyatheliswa ngokulandelana kwaze kwaba ngo-1950. Ukweqisa kwakhe ngamazwi kubambezele ukushicilelwa kwe- Chant ngefomethi yezincwadi kuze kube ngu-1928. Lesi sitayela sokuqanjwa kwamaculo acwengekile sabhaliswa nangabanye ozakwabo Isizukulwane sama-27. Phakathi kwabo, uPedro Salinas, uVicente Aleixandre noDámaso Alonso.

Ngaphambi nangemva kweMpi Yombango

UJorge Guillén uqede ubudokotela besibili e-Oxford phakathi kuka-1929 no-1931. Emuva eSpain Usebenze njengoSolwazi Wezincwadi eNyuvesi yaseSeville kwaze kwagqashuka iMpi Yombango ngo-1936. Ngemuva kokuqala kwempi, waboshwa isikhashana ePamplona, ​​lapho evalelwe wabuyela esikhundleni sakhe eSeville wahumusha Ngiculela abafel 'ukholo baseSpain nguPaul Claudel.

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Chant

Lo msebenzi wahunyushwa njengendlela eya kuFalange waseSpain kanti uGuillén akazange athathe isikhathi eside ukuzisola. Kunoma ikuphi, uMnyango Wezemfundo wamenqabela ukuba abambe izikhundla zemfundo noma zokuphatha. Ngokwalesi sizathu, UGuillén wanquma ukuya ekudingisweni e-United States ngo-1938.

Ukudingiswa

ENyakatho Melika, uGuillén ubuyile wafundisa iZincwadi Nezincwadi e-University of Middlebury, McGill (Montreal) naseWellesley College. Kube ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi kathathu. Okokuqala lapho eba umfelokazi ngo-1947. Kwathi ngo-1949 wachitha amasonto ambalwa eMalaga evakashele uyise owayegula. Ekugcineni, wathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-1957 esuka eWellesley College futhi wathuthela e-Italy ngo-1958.

Lapho, eFlorence, wahlangana no-Irene Monchi-Sismondi, owashada naye eBogotá ngo-Okthoba 11, 1961. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, wabuyela emsebenzini wokufundisa izifundo nezingqungquthela eHarvard University nasePuerto Rico. Kepha Ukuwa kokuqhekeka kwesinqe kwaphoqa uJorge Guillén ukuthi athathe umhlalaphansi ngokuphelele ekufundiseni ngo-1970.

Iminyaka edlule

Ekupheleni kobushiqela bukaFranco, umbhali waseValladolid wanquma ukubuyela eSpain, ngaleso sikhathi izinze eMalaga kusuka ngo-1975. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe (ngoFebhuwari 6, 1984), umbhali waseValladolid wathola ukuthandwa okuningi nokuhlukaniswa. Phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kugqama:

• Umklomelo Wokuqala WeCervantes (1976).
• I-Alfonso Reyes International Award (1977).
• Uqanjwe njengelungu elihloniphekile leRoyal Academy yoLimi lwaseSpain (1978).
• Indodana eyintandokazi ka-Andalusia (1983).

Izinkondlo zikaJorge Guillen

"Uthando lokulala"

Ulele, welula izingalo futhi wamangala
Uzungeze ukulala kwami Ngabe usuke kude kanjena
ubusuku bokulala, ngaphansi kwenyanga edliwayo?
iphupho lakho lingimbozile, ngiphuphe ngizwa.

"Ulwandle luyinto engekho"

Ulwandle luyinto engekho,
iculo, indebe;
ulwandle luyisithandwa,
impendulo ethembekile esifisweni.

Kufana ne-nightingale
futhi amanzi alo ayizimpaphe,
izinkanuko eziphakamisayo
ezinkanyezini ezibandayo.

Ukucindezelwa kwakhe amaphupho
bavulela ukufa ajar,
bayizinyanga ezifinyelelekayo,
zingukuphila okuphezulu kakhulu.

Emhlane omnyama
amagagasi ajabulela.

Izici zomsebenzi kaJorge Guillén

Umqondo oshubile wenkondlo kaGuillén ungowokujabula njalo ngomdanso ongavamile wobukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungukuphakanyiswa okuvezwe ngendlela ehleleke kahle, yobuciko obudala, futhi ebhalwe ngobulukhuni bengqondo. Lapho ukungabi khona kwemihlobiso enesigqi kususelwa enkambisweni eqinile yokuqedwa egcina ngokwakhiwa kwamabinzana aminyene ngokweqile.

Ngakho-ke, emsebenzini kaGuillén igama ngalinye limele ingqikithi yembongi. Lapho imibono igxile ekuzwaneni kwendawo yonke ephelele ngisho nezinto ezilula zobukhona bomuntu zihambisana kakhulu. Ukufeza lelo banga lokukhonkotha — ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yinhloso yomculo— imbongi yaseSpain isebenzise isitayela esisuselwa ku:

• Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwamabizo (cishe njalo ngaphandle kwama-athikili), kanye nemisho yamabizo ngaphandle kwesenzo. Inhloso ukuthi amagama akhombise ubunjalo bezinto.
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemisho ebabazayo.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwamavesi obuciko obuncane.

Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi yakhe

• Chant (1928; 75 poems).
• Chant (1936; 125 poems).
• Chant (1945; 270 poems).
• Chant (1950; 334 poems).
• UHuerto de Melibea (1954).
• Wokusa nokuvuka (1956).
• Isikhalo: Maremagnun (1957).
• Indawo kaLazaru (1957).
• .. ukuthi bazonikela olwandle (1960).
• Umlando Wezemvelo (1960).
• Izilingo zika-Antonio (1962).
• Ngokuya ngamahora (1962).
• Ekuphakameni kwezimo (1963).
• Inkokhiso (1967).
• Umoya wethu: Canticle, Cry, Tribute (1968).
• Izimbali zomphakathi (1970).
• Eceleni (1972)
• Nezinye izinkondlo (1973).
• Ukubumbana (1975).
• Final (1981).
• Isisho (1981).