UFederico García Lorca: izinkondlo ezivelele, impilo nomsebenzi

UFederico García Lorca.

UFederico García Lorca.

Izinkondlo zikaFederico García Lorca ziyigugu lemibhalo, esinye sezibhengezo eziqhakazile zezinhlamvu zeSpain zekhulu lama-XNUMX. Naphezu kokuba khona kwayo okufushane, igama lakhe limi njengesinye sezimpawu zezimbongi emlandweni waseSpain.

Umlobi wazalwa ngoJuni 5, 1898, eFuente de Vaqueros, idolobhana elincane labantu abalimele ethafeni laseGranada, e-Andalusia, eMbusweni waseSpain. Abazali bakhe kwakunguVicenta Lorca Romero (uthisha wesikole) noFederico García Rodríguez (umnikazi womhlaba). Wayenomfowabo, uFrancisco, nodadewabo ababili, uConchita no-Isabel.

Ubuntwana, ubusha kanye nohambo lokufunda

Impilo kuleliya lizwe yabonisa ugqozi olukhulu kuyeLokhu yize iqiniso lokuthi wonke umndeni wathuthela eGranada ngo-1909, lapho uFederico eneminyaka eyishumi nanye ubudala. Lokhu kuthutha kuzomthinta kakhulu, njengoba kamuva elandisa ngendaba equkethe umlando womuntu ngemvelo yasemakhaya yaseFuente de Vaqueros.

Okuningi kwalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwemizwa (ukucula kwezinyoni, ukuhamba kwemifula, iphunga lotshani, ukunambitheka kwezithelo, izithombe zenyanga ...) wakukhipha kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfana uFederico, wachitha amahlobo amaningi ezindaweni zasemakhaya e-Asquerosa (manje eyiValderrubio). Kuleyo ndawo, ezungezwe yimvelo, wabhala izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala.

Uhlale njalo enomqondo oqinile wokuba ngowasemaphandleni, yize echazwa ngokuthi "ungumnumzane wedolobha." Ekukhuleni kwakhe, waqala ukudida inkinga yokungalingani kwezenhlalo. Ngesikhathi sohambo lwakhe oluningi lokufunda, wabona ukuthi abalimi "abanezinhliziyo ezimsulwa" kanye "nezandla ezisebenzayo" babekelwa eceleni ngabahlali basemadolobheni.

Umbhali ovelele ngaphambi kwesikhathi nothisha abamqeqesha

Ubhalise e-University of Granada ngo-1914, ezifundweni ezavumela ukungena ezigabeni zefilosofi nezincwadi, kanye nomthetho. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi ongqondongqondo abekanye naye babemazi kakhulu njengengcweti yomculo hhayi ngokubhala kwakhe. Wayenze izifundo zepiyano no-Antonio Segura Mesa futhi wababaza inqwaba kaBeethoven, Chopin noDebussy, phakathi kwabanye.

UFederico, osemusha, wayeyithanda inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi wayevame ukuhlangana neqembu lezazi ezincane endaweni yokudlela i- "El Rinconcillo". Osolwazi ababenethonya elikhulu kuye ngesikhathi sakhe eNyuvesi UFernando de los Ríos (Umthetho Wezombusazwe Oqhathanisayo) noMartín Domínguez Berrueta (Theory of Literature and the Arts).

Izinkondlo zokuqala ezishicilelwe

Uhambo lukaFederico García Lorca lokufunda lwamvumela ukuthi azi ezinye izifundazwe zaseSpain futhi wagcina ekhuthaza ubizo lwakhe lokuba yimbongi. Ngenxa yosizo lwezezimali lukayise, ngo-1918 washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala ye-prose ebizwa ngokuthi Izithombe Namaphephadonga, ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhasi akhe amahle kakhulu - kuze kube yileso sikhathi - lapho ebekhuluma khona ngezinkinga zezenhlalo nezepolitiki ezimkhathazayo.

Kulowo mbhalo wesandla Ubuye waveza nezinkinga zakhe zenkolo nezobuciko nobuhle (Ingoma kaGregory, isitayela se-Renaissance, iBaroque, iculo elidumile ...). Ngo-1918, uthisha wakhe womculo washona, umcimbi owagcina umholele emhlabeni wezinkondlo.

Indawo yokuhlala yaseMadrid

Ngo-1919 uFederico osemusha wathuthela eMadrid futhi wahlala-kwaze kwaba ngo-1926- eResidencia de Estudiantes, lapho ahlangana khona futhi namalungu amaningana e- "El Rinconcillo". Lokho bekuyindawo engavamile, ngoba le ndawo ibisebenza njengesikhuthazi ekushintshaneni ngamasiko phakathi kwabaseSpain nabangaphandle, isikhala esiphelele sokukhula kwengqondo kukaGarcía Lorca.

Endlini yokuhlala waba ngumngani nababhali bezwe abafanele nabaculi balezo zikhathi, phakathi kwabo uLuis Buñuel, uRafael Alberti noSalvador Dalí bagqama. Labo okukhulunywa ngabo, kanye noGarcía Lorca, uJorge Guillén, uPedro Salinas noGerardo Diego, ukubala abambalwa, eminyakeni ethile kamuva basungula inhlangano yobuciko ye-avant-garde eyaziwa ngokuthi "Isizukulwane Sama-27"

Ngokufanayo, indawo yokuhlala kwakuyindawo yokuhlangana yososayensi abadumile baphesheya, abaculi nababhali njengo: Claudel, Valéry, Cendrans, Max Jabob, Marie Curie, Le Corbusier, Ravel, phakathi kwabanye abaningi. Ekuhambeni kwakhe kuleli dolobha wahlangana nabaqondisi beshashalazi abafana no-Eduardo Marquina noGregorio Martínez Sierra, kanye nosaziwayo kwezobuciko njengoRamón Gómez de la Serna noma uVicente Huidobro.

USalvador Dalí noFederico García Lorca.

USalvador Dalí noFederico García Lorca.

Ukuhlangana kwakhe nothisha omenze imbongi

Ngaleso sikhathi uGarcía Lorca wakhiqiza isiqephu sakhe sokuqala seshashalazi: I-Butterfly Hex (Lokhu akuzange kwamukelwe kahle). Ngenxa yencwadi encoma evela kuFernando de los Ríos, a ngasekupheleni kuka-1919 uFederico osemusha wahlangana noJuan Ramón Jiménez, owaba ngumeluleki wakhe njengembongi nomngani othandekayo impilo yakhe yonke.

Phakathi kuka-1920 no-1922, uGarcía Lorca washicilela amanye amavesi akhe komagazini abaziwayo njengeSpain, Inkomba y Ipeni. UJuan Ramón Jiménez wamkhuthaza ukuba ahlele incwadi yakhe yezinkondlo (eyabhalwa kusukela ngo-1918) endlini kaGabriel García Maroto yokunyathelisa, yize kwakuyindlu encane yokushicilela, uFederico wakwazi ukuqondisa yonke imininingwane yokuphrinta, kwaze kwaqalwa umsebenzi ngonyaka we-1921 .

Ukuguquguquka kwemibhalo kukaGarcía Lorca

Ngesikhathi sehlobo lika-1921 wahlangana noManuel de Falla eGranada, ngaleso sikhathi ubhale ukwakheka kwakhe Suites kanye nePoema del cante jondo (eshicilelwe ngo-1931). Lesi sakamuva sisebenza ngemisebenzi ephefumulelwe ngobufushane, ngobuningi nangobungqabavu bokuqanjwa kwale nkulumo yobuciko yemigqa emithathu noma emine.

Ngo-1923 wadala Onodoli beBlackjack, uhlobo lweshashalazi elijikelezayo, abelingisa ngalo Intombazane enisela iBasil nenkosana emangele. Lokhu bekungamahlaya abekhona noFalla njengomhlanganyeli nomculi womculo (upiyano).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibhalo kaGarcía Lorca kwafika ngo-1925 sekushicilelwe iqoqo lakhe lezinkondlo Izingoma. Ngokufana, imidlalo yeshashalazi eyaziwayo eMadrid nguMariana Pineda yavela, lapho uSalvador Dalí adweba khona amasethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noDalí wahambela eCatalonia, izwe lelo - ngokusho kukaFederico uqobo - elanweba amandla akhe okudala.

U-1928 uthathwa njengomzuzu wokuvuthwa okucacile kwembongi, ngalowo nyaka kwaba lapho kukhombise ukuhlonza kwakhe ngesitayela esidumile nesikhutshiwe, izici azibambe ku- Ukuthandana kwamaGypsy, umsebenzi wempumelelo emangalisayo. Ngo-1929 wafunda e-Columbia University ngomfundaze; endaweni yaseMelika wabhala enye yemisebenzi yakhe ye-avant-garde: Imbongi eNew York.

Phakathi no-1931 kwasungulwa iRiphabhulikhi yesibili yaseSpain. Umngani wakhe uFernando de los Ríos uqokwa njengoNgqongqoshe Wezokufundiswa Komphakathi, yena, oqoke uGarcía Lorca ongumqondisi obambisene weLa Barraca (inkampani eyunivesithi yemidlalo yaseshashalazini eyenza izethulo ezifundazweni).

Ngaleso sikhathi wabhala Umshado Wegazi, umsebenzi ohlonishwa umhlaba wonkekanye inyumba y UDoña Rosita iSoltera. Amatimu wakho avela kaningi kwakuyizocansi, uthando, ukufa nokungabi nabulungisa emphakathini.

Izinkondlo zikaFederico García Lorca.

UFederico García Lorca: Izinkondlo.

UFederico García Lorca: izinkondlo ezivelele

Isifuba sembongi

Awusoze wakuqonda engikuthandayo
ngoba ulele kimi ulele.
Ngikufihla ukhala, ushushiswa
ngezwi lensimbi ehlabayo.

Norm evusa inyama nenkanyezi efanayo
isivele ihlaba esifubeni sami esibuhlungu
futhi amagama angcolile ayaluma
izimpiko zomoya wakho onzima.

Iqembu labantu ligxumela ezingadini
ngilinde umzimba wakho nobuhlungu bami
kumahhashi akhanyayo namanoni aluhlaza.

Kodwa qhubeka ulale, sithandwa sami.
Yizwa igazi lami eliphukile kumavayolini!
Bheka, basasihlupha!

Iyakhuluma ngothando imbongi ocingweni

Izwi lakho linisele indunduma yesifuba sami
egumbini lamapulangwe amnandi.
Ngaseningizimu yezinyawo zami kwakuyintwasahlobo
nasenyakatho yebunzi lami imbali yefern.

Iphayini elikhanyayo ngesikhala esincane
wacula ngaphandle kokuntwela kokusa nokuhlwanyela
nokukhala kwami ​​kwaqala okokuqala
imiqhele yethemba kulo lonke uphahla.

Izwi elimnandi nelikude lithululelwa yimi.
Izwi elimnandi futhi elikude kimi lithandiwe.
Izwi elikude futhi elimnandi elifile.

Kukude njengenyama emnyama elimele.
Limnandi njengesililo eqhweni.
Kukude futhi kumnandi emnkantsheni!

I-spectrum ende

I-spectrum ende yesiliva inyakazisiwe
umoya wasebusuku uyabubula,
ngavula isilonda sami esidala ngesandla esimpunga
futhi ngahamba: ngangikulangazelele.

Inxeba lothando elizonginika impilo
kuphakama igazi laphakade nokukhanya okumsulwa.
Ukuqhekeka lapho uFilomela eyisimungulu
kuzoba nehlathi, ubuhlungu kanye nesidleke esithambile.

O yeka amahlebezi amnandi asekhanda lami!
Ngizolala eceleni kwembali elula
lapho ubuhle bakho buntanta ngaphandle komphefumulo.
Amanzi azulazulayo azophenduka aphuzi,
kuyilapho igazi lami ligijima esikhotheni
kumanzi futhi kunuka phu ogwini.

Impi Yombango kanye nokubulawa

NgoJanuwari 1936 uLorca wajoyina i-Popular Front, kwathi ngoJulayi kwagqashuka iMpi Yombango yaseSpain.. Lo mcimbi uphawule ukudingiswa kweningi lezifundiswa zase-Iberia. IColombia neMexico banikela ngesiphephelo sezepolitiki kuGarcía Lorca, kepha wenqaba ukushiya izwe lakhe wabuyela esifundazweni sangakubo.

Umusho kaFederico García Lorca.

Umusho kaFederico García Lorca.

Ngo-Agasti 16, 1936, waboshwa wabulawa ngomyalo woMlawuli waseGranada., José Valdez Guzmán, ngemuva kwesikhalazo esingaziwa. Kukholakala ukuthi umzimba wakhe usalele ethuneni elinabantu abaningi elisemgwaqweni ophakathi kweVíznar ne-Alfacar.


Amazwana, shiya okwakho

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   UFERNANDO GARCÍA ORTEGA kusho

    KUNGENANI UKUTHI ABACULI BAKHOKHELE OHULUMENI BOBUCHAPHAZI NOKUBHEKEZA KONKE