Umusho ka-Alejandra Pizarnik
Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, u-Alejandra Pizarnik ubeyimbongi efundwa kakhulu e-Argentina eLatin America nasemhlabeni. Isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele futhi esingenakuqhathaniswa sidlule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphezu kokufa kwakhe okubuhlungu. Umbhali udale inkulumo yokuqala kakhulu yezinkondlo, ebonakala ngolimi olunothile kakhulu nangokumboza izingqikithi eziyinkimbinkimbi zesikhathi sakhe.
Noma impilo yakhe yayimfishane ngokweqile —Washona eneminyaka engama-36 kuphela—, ukwazile ukwakha umsebenzi oqinile futhi washiya ifa lemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuthunyelwe kwakho kokuqala, Izwe lomfokazi kakhulu (1955), uPizarnik wanqoba izinkulungwane zabafundi, abahlala bethembekile kwaze kwaba yincwadi yakhe yokugcina empilweni: Izingoma ezincane (1978). Phakathi kokuhlukaniswa akutholile, uMklomelo Wezinkondlo kaMasipala (1965) ugqamile.
Izincwadi zika-Alejandra Pizarnik
Isibonakaliso emthunzini wakho (1955)
Iqoqo lesibili lezinkondlo elishicilelwe nguPizarnik. Iqoqo lezinkondlo eziyisithupha ezinhle kakhulu ayebhale ngazo kuze kube manje. Lezi zingoma zikhombisa amandla nomfutho wombhali osemncane; amavesi akhulelwe ngokungazinzi, ukungaqiniseki, ukungabaza nemibuzo eminingi.
Enye yezinkondlo esingayijabulela kule ndatshana yile:
"Ukude"
“Ukugcwala kwami ngemikhumbi emhlophe.
Imizwa yami ebusisiwe.
Mina sonke ngaphansi kwezikhumbuzo ze
amehlo akho.
Ngifuna ukuqeda ukuluma kwe- your
izinkophe.
Ngifuna ukugwema ukungahlaliseki kwakho
izindebe.
Kungani umbono wakho wesipoki uzungeza izimbiza ze
lamahora? ".
Ubumsulwa bokugcina (1956)
Iqoqo lesithathu elethwe ngumbhali. Umsebenzi uqukethe izingoma zothando eziyishumi nesithupha. Futhi kukhona ukudalulwa okwaziwayo ngempilo kaPizarnik uqobo, futhi kukhona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okusobala maqondana nemisebenzi yakhe yangaphambilini. Futhi, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunezinkondlo ezibalulekile zabesifazane ezivela kuleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwezinkondlo kuvelele:
"Lala"
"Kuzoqhuma isiqhingi sezinkumbulo.
Impilo izoba isenzo sokungagunci.
Ijele
izinsuku zokungabuyi.
Kusasa
izilo zomkhumbi zizochitha ulwandle
emoyeni wemfihlakalo.
Kusasa
incwadi engaziwa izothola izandla zomphefumulo ”.
Isihlahla sikaDiana (1962)
Kule ncwadi, IPizarnik yethula izinkondlo ezingama-38 ezinamavesi wamahhala. Umsebenzi yandulelwa yiNobel Prize for Literature Octavio Paz. Kulesi senzakalo, izingqikithi ezinjengokufa, isizungu nosizi ziyagqama. Njengakwezitolimende ezedlule, umugqa ngamunye wezinkondlo wembula imininingwane esondelene nombhali, njengokuntengantenga kwakhe ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo. Kunezindima ezingaphikisana ngokuphelele.
Izinkondlo zokuqala ku-anthology yilezi:
«1»
"Ngikhuphukile kimi ekuseni kakhulu.
Ngishiye umzimba wami eduze kwesibani
futhi ngicule usizi lwalokho okuzelwe ”.
«2»
“Lezi yizinhlobo aziphakamisayo:
imbobo, udonga oluqhaqhazelayo… ”.
imisebenzi nobusuku (1965)
Lokho yiqoqo lezinkondlo ezingama-47 ezinezindikimba ezahlukahlukene. Isikhathi, ukufa, uthando kanye nobuhlungu kuphakathi kwabalingisi abakhulu. Ungomunye wemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yombhali wase-Argentina, futhi lowo ikhombisa ngokunamandla umlingiswa wayo wezinkondlo. Lapho exoxa noMarta Isabel Moia, uPizarnik wathi: “Leyo ncwadi yanginikeza injabulo yokuthola inkululeko ngokubhala. Bengikhululekile, bengingumnikazi wokuzenzela ifomu ngendlela ebengifuna ngayo ”.
Isampula laleli qoqo lezinkondlo yile:
"Ngubani okhanyayo"
"Uma ungibuka
amehlo ami angokhiye,
udonga lunezimfihlo,
amazwi ami esaba, izinkondlo.
Nguwe kuphela owenza inkumbulo yami
isihambi esihehayo,
umlilo ongapheli ”.
Isibalo segazi (1971)
Kuzo indaba emfushane nge-Countess Erzsébet Báthory, owesifazane ononya nonya, owenza ubugebengu obubi kakhulu ukuze ahlale esemncane. Ezahlukweni eziyishumi nambili izindlela zokuhlukumeza ezisetshenziswe yile "ntokazi" zichazwa kancane kancane. Le ncwadi inamakhasi angama-60 anemifanekiso kaSantiago Carusola futhi ifaka izingcezu zeprozi yezinkondlo ngesitayela esihle kakhulu sePizarnik.
Isiqubulo
Isikhulu saseHungary u-Erzsébet Báthory sishada no-Count Ferenc Nádasdy eneminyaka engu-15. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, le ndoda iyadlula emhlabeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, isibalo sineminyaka engama-44 ubudala futhi sesaba ukuguga. Ukuvimbela izinwele ezimpunga ukuthi zingakufinyeleli, iqala ebuthakathini, thathaing yenza amasiko lapho esebenzisa khona igazi lamantombazane amancane ukugcina ukusha kwayo. Ngokwamanothi atholwe egumbini lakhe, wahlukumeza wabulala abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-600 ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Mayelana nomlobi
U-Alejandra Pizarnik
Imbongi uFlora Alejandra Pizarnik wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 29, 1936 eBuenos Aires, e-Argentina. Uqhamuka emndenini wabafuduki baseRussia abasezingeni eliphakathi, ekuqaleni ababenesibongo iPozharnik futhi wasilahla esahlala ezweni laseBarça. Kusukela ngisemncane kakhulu ubekhaliphile impela, yize ebenabo futhi Wayebonakala ngokuba nokungazethembi okuningi ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe nangamalimi akhe.
Izifundo
Ngemuva kokuqeda isikole esiphakeme, ngo-1954 wangena e-University of Buenos Aires, ikakhulukazi i-Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. Kepha, kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho - ehlotshaniswa nobuntu bakhe obuhlukahlukene - washintshela emkhakheni wobuntatheli. Kamuva, waqala amakilasi obuciko nomdwebi uJuan Batlle Planas, yize ekugcineni ashiya konke ukuzinikela ekubhaleni kuphela.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ngezinsuku zakhe zaseyunivesithi, waqala izindlela zokwelapha noLeón Ostrov. Ngokwenza njalo, wazama ukulawula ukukhathazeka kwakhe futhi athuthukise ukuzethemba kwakhe. Le mihlangano ibibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe ngisho nasezinkondlweni zakhe, ngoba wanezela emisebenzini yakhe ehlangabezana nokungazi nokuzithoba. "Ukuvuka", enye yezinkondlo zakhe ezidume kakhulu, ubenikezelwe kwi-psychoanalyst yakhe.
Iminyaka yakhe eParis
Ekuqaleni kwawo-60, uPizarnik wayehlala eParis iminyaka emine.. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesebenza kumagazini Izincwadi zokubhalela, futhi Wakhula njengomhlaziyi wezincwadi kanye nomhumushi. Lapho waqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwezemfundo lapho engena eNyuvesi yaseSorbonne, lapho afunda khona iHistory of Religion neFrench Literature. Enhlabathini yaseParis futhi wahlakulela ubungani obuhle kakhulu, phakathi kwabo uJulio Cortázar no-Octavio Paz abagqamile.
Ukwakhiwa
Incwadi yakhe yokuqala yashicilelwa phakathi nawo-50s futhi wabizwa ngokuthi Izwe lomfokazi kakhulu (1955). Kepha kuze kube sekubuyeni kwakhe eParis lapho ethule khona imisebenzi yakhe yokumela kakhulu - enolwazi olunzulu lwezinkondlo—, ekhombisa isitayela sakhe esinamandla, sokudlala nesobuciko. Phakathi kwezinkondlo zakhe eziyi-7 kuvelele: Isihlahla sikaDiana (1962), imisebenzi nobusuku (1965) futhi Ukukhishwa kwetshe lobuhlanya (1968).
UPizarnik naye wangena kulolu hlobo lokulandisa, ngendaba emfushane Isibalo segazi (1971). Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, sekwenziwe izincwadi eziningi esezishonile, ezinjengalezi: Isifiso sezwi (1985), Imibhalo kaSobra nezinkondlo zakamuva (1982) futhi Qedela izinkondlo (2000). Izincwadi zakhe namanothi kwahlanganiswa Ukuxhumana kwePizarnik (1998) futhi Izidayari (2003).
Ukudana
Kusukela esemncane kakhulu uPizarnik wayenokungazinzi ngokomzwelo, enokukhathazeka okukhulu nobunzima, izinkinga ezibonakala ezibongweni zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wayegcina imfihlo okuthandayo ngokocansi; abaningi basola ukuthi ubengungqingili nokuthi ukufihla iqiniso lakhe nakho kwamthinta kakhulu. Imbongi imelaphe izifo ngemithi enhlobonhlobo abe umlutha wayo.
Enye imininingwane eyaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yakhe futhi yamenza wangazinzile kwaba ukufa kukayise ngokuzuma, okwenzeka ngo-1967. Ngenxa yalelobhadi, izinkondlo zakhe nezincwadi zakhe zansuku zonke zaba lusizi ngokwengeziwe, namanothi afana nalawa: “Ukufa okungapheli, ukukhohlwa kolimi nokulahleka kwezithombe. Ngingathanda kanjani ukuba kude nomsangano nokufa (…) Ukufa kukababa kwenza ukufa kwami kwaba ngokoqobo ”.
Ukufa
Ngo-1972, uPizarnik wangeniswa esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo eBuenos Aires ngenxa yokudangala okukhulu. NgoSepthemba 25 - ngenkathi ngempelasonto yekhefu -, imbongi igwinye inqwaba yamaphilisi eSeconal yadlulela ngokweqile okwaholela ekufeni kwakhe. Ebhodini egumbini lakhe kwasala amavesi akhe okugcina:
"Angifuni ukuhamba
akukho okunye
lokho kuya ezansi ”.
Isebenza ngu-Alejandra Pizarnik
- Izwe lomfokazi kakhulu (1955)
- Isibonakaliso emthunzini wakho (1955)
- Ubumsulwa bokugcina (1956)
- Izigigaba ezilahlekile (1958)
- Isihlahla sikaDiana (1962)
- imisebenzi nobusuku (1965)
- Ukukhishwa kwetshe lobuhlanya (1968)
- Amagama nezibalo (1969)
- Kutholakale phakathi kwama-lilacs (1969)
- Isihogo somculo (1971)
- Isibalo segazi (1971)
- Izingoma ezincane (1971)