Imigwaqo yaseMadrid
Ubhekilanga Ongaboni liyincwadi yezindaba ebhalwe ngumbhali waseMadrid u-Alberto Méndez. Yashicilelwa ngoJanuwari 2004 ngabahleli be-Anagrama. Lo msebenzi unezingcezu ezine ezimfushane ezihlangene zodwa—eyokugcina yileyo enikeza isihloko sayo igama layo—futhi eyenzeka eminyakeni yangemva kweMpi Yombango YaseSpain. Ngo-2008 ifilimu engaziwa yakhululwa ku-cinema, yayiqondiswa nguJosé Luis Cuerda, enombhalo obhalwe ngesandla ezine ngumbhali kanye noRafael Azcona.
Kusukela yethulwa, le ncwadi isibe yimpumelelo yokushicilelwa.. Kuze kube yilolu suku, kubhaliswa amakhophi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-350 athengisiwe. Ngeshwa, umbhali akakwazanga ukujabulela ukuhlonishwa ngomsebenzi wakhe, njengoba ashona ngemva nje kokushicilelwa. Phakathi kwemiklomelo enikezwe le ncwadi, okulandelayo kuyagqama: i-Castilian Narrative Criticism Award ka-2004 kanye ne-2005 National Narrative Award.
Isifinyezo se- Ubhekilanga Ongaboni
Ukwehlulwa kokuqala (1939): "Uma inhliziyo ibicabanga ukuthi izoyeka ukushaya"
Ukaputeni kaFranco UCarlos Alegria wanquma - Ngemuva kweminyaka yokusebenza - ahoxe odwebeni lwezikhali lapho kuchithwe khona igazi eliningi. Ngemva kokusula esikhundleni, waboshwa wabekwa icala lokuvukela umbuso. Ngenkathi ibanjwa, amaRiphabhulikhi azinikele ashiya inkundla yempi.
Ngokushesha nje lapho abezizwe bethatha izintambo, U-Alegría wagwetshwa isigwebo sentambo ngenxa yezenzo azenza phakathi nempi. Kuthe uma sekumele adutshulwe wabekwa odongeni nabanye ayehamba nabo. Ngemva kokuthola ukuketulwa kombuso ekhanda, bangcwatshwa ethuneni elikhulu.
Ngokumangalisayo, uCarlos waphaphama futhi waqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi inhlamvu imudle kuphela futhi ayimbhobozi ukhakhayi. Njengoba ayekwazi, wakwazi ukuphuma emgodini wahamba ebuhlungu waze wafika edolobheni lapho atakulwa khona owesifazane. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, u-Alegría wanquma ukubuyela edolobheni lakubo elungele ukuphinde azinikele ebulungiswa, njengoba umuzwa wecala wawungamvumeli ukuba aphile ngokuthula.
Ukunqotshwa okwesibili (1940): "Umbhalo wesandla watholakala ekukhohlweni"
Abasha ababili U-Eulalio kanye no-Elena bathatha uhambo oluya eFrance phakathi kwezintaba zase-Asturias, babalekela umbuso lokho kwakubekwe. Wayenezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ekhulelwe kwase kuvela imihelo, yabaphoqa ukuthi bayeke. Ngemva kwamahora obuhlungu, intombazanyana wabeletha kumfana ababembiza ngoRafael. Ngokudabukisayo Elena wafa y U-Eulalio wasala yedwa nesidalwa.
Ingcaphuno ka-Alberto Méndez
Imbongi, usashaqekile ngokufa kwentombi yakhe, wangenwa umuzwa omkhulu wecala. Wakhungatheka futhi engazi ukuthi enzeni ngoRafael, owaphela amahora ekhala. Nokho, kancane kancane lensizwa yaqala ukunakekela indodana yayo futhi yacabanga ukuyinakekela njengokuphela komsebenzi wayo ekuphileni. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, u-Eulalio wathola indlwana eyayingasahlali muntu futhi wanquma ukuyithatha njengesiphephelo.
Noma nini lapho ekwazi, umfana wayephuma eyofuna ukudla. Ngelinye ilanga wakwazi ukweba izinkomo ezimbili, waziphakela isikhathi. Kodwa, Ngemva kokufika kobusika, yonke into yaqala ukuba nzima futhi ukufa kwabo bobabili kwase kuseduze. Le ndaba ixoxwa kumuntu wokuqala, futhi yakhishwa encwadini yezenzakalo eyatholwa umalusi kanye nezidumbu ezimbili zabantu nenkomo efile entwasahlobo ka-1940.
Ukuhlulwa kwesithathu (1941): "Ulimi lwabafileyo"
Indaba yesithathu ulandisa indaba kaJuan Senra, a isikhulu seRiphabhulikhi ukuthi uboshiwe ejele lamaFrancoist. Indoda wakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila ngoba wayazi ngendodana kaColonel Eymar — Umongameli wenkantolo. USenra uthole lolu lwazi mathupha, elwe noMiguel Eymar. Ukuze andise isiphetho, le ndaba yayiqamba amanga mihla namalanga, ithi le nsizwa yayiyiqhawe, kanti empeleni yayiyisihlukumezi nje.
Ngesikhathi eboshiwe, uJuan wakha ubungane nomfana okuthiwa u-Eugenio, futhi waqondana noCarlos Alegría. Ku-Senra, kwaba nzima ukuqhubeka namanga. Ngokufanayo, ngangazi ukuthi ngizokufa, ngoba umzimba wakhe wawungekho esimeni esihle kakhulu.
Lapho konke kwakungabonakali kubi kakhulu, kwenzeka izenzakalo ezimbili ezahlukanisa uSenra futhi zanquma isiphetho sakhe: UCaptain UNjabulo wanquma ukuzibulala, futhi, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, U-Eugenio wagwetshwa intambo. Ngithinteke kakhulu, UJuan wakhetha ukuvuma iqiniso Mayelana noMiguel, kwakuhlanganisani al iyala eyakho ukudubula emva kwezinsuku.
Ukuhlulwa okwesine (1942): "The blind sunflowers"
Lo mbhalo wokugcina uxoxa indaba kaRicardo: i-republican, eshade no-Elena noyise wezingane ezimbili - u-Elena no-Lorenzo. Wonke umuntu esigodini babecabanga ukuthi ufile, ngakho indoda, isebenzisa izimo, wanquma ukuyozifihla emzini wakhe nomkakhe nendodana encane. Babengazi lutho ngendodakazi yabo, ngaphandle kokuthi yabaleka nesoka layo beyofuna okuncono, ngoba yayizithwele.
Umkhaya wakha isimiso esiqinile ukuze kungabikho muntu oqaphela ukuthi uRicardo usaphila. Salvador -idikoni ledolobha kanye nothisha kaLorenzo— wathandana kakhulu no-Elena, waze wamhlupha njalo uma embona. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi yonke into ibe nzima URicardo wenza isinqumo: abalekele eMorocco. Basuka lapho baqala ukudayisa ifenisha.
Lapho konke kwase kuzolunga USalvador wagqekeza endlini enezaba zokufuna ukukhuluma nomfana. Ngemva kokuqondisa kukaLorenzo, idikoni lagasela ku-Elena, okwathi kwenza uRicardo aphumele obala ukuze avikele umkakhe. Kuthe uma edalulwa uthisha wasakaza ukuthi ukushona kwalo mlisa kube amanga abi futhi awubugwala, okwenza uyise wekhaya ahlanye azibulale.
Imininingwane eyisisekelo yomsebenzi
Ubhekilanga Ongaboni liyincwadi ye izindaba ezimfishane ezibekwe ku Impi Yombango YaseSpain. Umbhalo unamakhasi ayi-160 ahlukaniswe abe izahluko ezine. Ingxenye ngayinye ixoxa indaba ehlukile, kodwa ihlobene; izehlakalo ezithile ezenzeka esikhathini esiyiminyaka emine (phakathi kuka-1939 no-1942). Umbhali wayefuna ukukhombisa ingxenye yemiphumela etholwe izakhamuzi phakathi nangemuva kwengxabano.
Mayelana nombhali, u-Alberto Méndez
U-Alberto Mendez
U-Alberto Méndez Borra wazalelwa eMadrid ngoLwesithathu zingama-27 kuNcwaba, 1941. Waphothula izifundo zesibili eRome. Wabuyela edolobheni lakubo ukuyofunda iFilosofi nezincwadi eComplutense University of Madrid. Lezi ziqu ze-bachelor zithathwe kuye ngokuba umholi wabafundi nokubamba iqhaza emibonisweni yango-1964.
Wasebenza njengombhali ezinkampanini ezibalulekile, njenge AmaPunches y I-Montera. Futhi, ngawo-70s, wayengumsunguli wendlu yokushicilela i-Ciencia Nueva. Eneminyaka engu-63 washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala nokuwukuphela kwayo: Ubhekilanga Ongaboni (2004), umsebenzi owathola indondo ngalowo nyaka Setenil ngencwadi yezindaba ehamba phambili.
Ngesikhathi kwethulwa I-Blind sunflowers (2004) kuyi-Circulo de Bellas Artes, uJorge Herralde—umhleli we I-Anagram- waphikisana ngalokhu okulandelayo mayelana nomsebenzi: «Ukubala ngenkumbulo, incwadi emelene nokuthula kwangemva kwempi, emelene nokushabalala, evuna iqiniso elingokomlando elibuyiselwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ewujuqu, ukuhlangana neqiniso lemibhalo".