Obani Abakhokhelwa Yinsimbi

Obani Abakhokhelwa Yinsimbi ingenye yamanoveli avelele ombhali waseMelika nentatheli u-Ernest Hemingway. Uhlobo lwayo lwangempela ngesiNgisi -Okwenzelwe Ama-Bell Toll- Ishicilelwe eNew York ngo-Okthoba 1940. Ngo-1999, umsebenzi wafakwa ohlwini lwama- "The 100 books of the century", eyenziwe iphephandaba laseParis Okwezwe.

Lokhu kulandisa kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili weMpi Yombango yaseSpain; ngaleso sikhathi, umlingiswa wakhe ophambili uhlala indaba yothando phakathi kwempi ehlomile. Umklomelo weNoveli Wezincwadi udale le noveli ngokususelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kobungcweti njengombhali wezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefaka izihloko ezithile zomuntu siqu, ezifana nobuzwe bakhe nokuzibulala kukayise. Uhlobo lwencwadi yaseSpain lwakhishwa ngo-1942 eBuenos Aires (e-Argentina)

Isifinyezo se- Obani Abakhokhelwa Yinsimbi

Ukuhlasela kokuqala

Ekuseni ngoMeyi 30, 1937, amaRiphabhulikhi enza ukuhlaselwa okwandulelayo kokuhlaselwa kweSegovia. Ngemuva kokuphumelela kokuhlaselwa, uGeneral Golz unikeza umsebenzi obalulekile ­kwisazi sokuzithandela saseMelika kanye neziqhumane, URobert Jordan. Uyaziswa lokho kufanele iqhume ibhuloho ukugwema ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka ngabantu bezwe.

Umsebenzi uyaqala

AmaMelika iya eSierra de Guadarrama, beka eduze ne- umsele wesitha, lapho unokuqondiswa kwesosha elidala u-Anselmo. URobert kumele axhumane namaqembu avukelayo asendaweni ukuze amsize kulo msebenzi. Ekuqaleni uhlangana noPablo, ohola iqembu labashokobezi, kodwa lokho, okokuqala, akavumelani noJordani.

Kulo mhlangano kukhona nonkosikazi kaPablo - uPilar—, othe, ngemuva kokunqaba komlingani wakhe, aziveze, aqinisekise iqembu bese eba ngumholi omusha. Ukuba lapho, UJordani uhlangana noMaria, intokazi enhle ekwazi ukumthwebula ekuqaleni. Ngenkathi behlela ukuhlaselwa, uthando luzalwa phakathi kwalaba bobabili, kangangoba uRobert uphupha ngekusasa nowesifazane omuhle.

Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.

Hlela ukuhlanganiswa

Ngenhloso yokuqinisa isu, iJordani ixhumana namanye ama-guerrilla aholwa ngu-El Sordo, naye ovumile ukusebenzisana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, URobert uqala ukwethuka, njengoba yonke into ikhomba emsebenzini wokuzibulala. Ngakho-ke, leli qembu lama-patriots lenza inhloso yalo ngenhloso efanayo: ukuvikela iRiphabhulikhi kuma-fascists, nokwenza konke ngaphandle kokubheka ukufa empini.

Ukuhlaziywa Obani Abakhokhelwa Yinsimbi

Isakhiwo nohlobo lombalisi

Ngobani dobNgishaya izinsimbi yinoveli yempi enamakhasi angama-494 asatshalaliswe ezahlukweni ezingama-43. Hemingway usebenzise umbhali womuntu wesithathu owazi konke, Otshela isakhiwo ngemicabango nangezincazelo ze-protagonist.

Personajes

URobert Jordan

Unguthisha waseMelika onyakeni owedlule wajoyina umzabalazo weRiphabhulikhi eMpini Yombango. Ukhethe njenge-dynamiter ngakho-ke kufanele enze umsebenzi obalulekile empini. Maphakathi nomsebenzi uthandana noMaría, okumenza ashintshe umbono wakhe ngempilo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, yonke leyo mizwa ikhungathekile ngesimo sokufa esizungeze indaba.

María

Uyintandane eneminyaka engu-19 eyahlengwa yiqembu likaPablo, yingakho eyisivikelo sikaPilar. Wahlukunyezwa ngama-fascists, amgunda futhi ashiya uphawu lwabo. UMaría uthandana noRobert, bobabili baphila izinsuku ezinothando, nezinhlelo eziningi bendawonye, ​​kepha lelo kusasa liyanqamuka ngenxa yemishini eyabelwe uthisha waseMelika.

Anselm

Ungowesilisa oneminyaka engama-68, umngane othembekile waseJordani, othembekile ezinhlosweni zakhe nakubantu bakubo. Ungumlingiswa obalulekile emlandweniNjengoba sibonga usizo lwakhe protagonist uyakwazi ukuxhumana Pablo.

Pablo

Ungumholi weqembu labashokobezi. Isikhathi eside ubengusomaqhinga osezingeni eliphezulu, kepha udlula ebunzimeni obumenze waba nezinkinga ngotshwala, abe nokusola nokukhohlisa, yingakho ehlulwa wubuholi bangaphambili.

Pilar

Kuyinto Unkosikazi kaPablo, owesifazane oqinile, onesibindi futhi olwayo; kucace kakhulu ezinkolelweni zakhe. Yize enesimo esinzima, ungumuntu omuhle okhuthaza ukuzethemba kwabanye. Kungalesi sizathu engenazo izinkinga zokuthatha izintambo zeqembu ebhekene nobunzima bukaPablo.

I-Adaptación

Ngemuva komthelela wencwadi, ngo-1943 ifilimu enegama elifanayo naleyo noveli yakhishwa, yakhiqizwa yiParamount Pictures futhi yaqondiswa nguSam Wood. Abalingisi bayo abaphambili kwakungu: Gary Cooper -owayedlala uRobert Jordan- no-Ingrid Bergman — owayedlala indawo kaMaria. Ukudubula kwaba yimpumelelo yefilimu futhi kwaphakanyiswa amagama ayisishiyagalolunye ka-Oscar.

Curiosities

Izingoma zokuhlonipha inoveli

Amaqembu amathathu abalulekile enza izingoma zomculo ukuhlonipha umsebenzi. Lezi kwakungu:

• Iqembu laseMelika iMetallica lethule ngo-1984 ingoma ethi "For Whom the Bell Tolls" ekwe-albhamu Gibela Umbani
• Ngo-1993, iqembu laseBrithani iBee Gees lakhipha ingoma ethi "For Whom the Bell Tolls" kwi-albhamu yabo. Usayizi Akuyona Yonke Into
• Ngo-2007, iqembu laseSpain iLos Muertos de Cristo lanezela ku-albhamu yabo ILibertarian Rhapsody Volume II, indikimba ethi: "Ngubani Okhokhiswa Insimbi"

Igama lenoveli

IHemingway ibize le ncwadi ngokuthi iphefumulelwe yingxenyana ethathwe emsebenzini Ukuzinikela (1623) yimbongi uJohn Donne. Lesi siqeshana sinesihloko esithi “Ngomsindo wabo ophansi bathi: uzokufa”, ingxenye yawo iqhubeka ithi: “Ukufa kwanoma yimuphi umuntu kuyanginciphisa ngoba ngiyabandakanyeka ohlangeni lwesintu; ngakho-ke, ungalokothi uthumele ukubuza ukuthi insimbi ikhalela bani; zikuphinda kabili ”.

Sobre el autor

Umbhali nentatheli u-Ernest Miller Hemingway wazalwa ngoJulayi 21, 1899 e-Illinois (e-United States). Abazali bakhe kwakunguClarence Edmonds Hemingway noGrace Hall Hemingway, abantu abahlonishwayo e-Oak Park. Esigabeni sokugcina semfundo yakhe yesibili, wafaka isigaba sobuntatheli. Lapho wenza izindatshana eziningana kwathi ngo-1916 wakwazi ukushicilela okukodwa kwalokhu ephephandabeni lesikole iThe Trapeze.

Ngo-1917, waqala amava akhe njengentatheli ephephandabeni IKansas City Star. Kamuva, waya eMpini Yezwe I njengomshayeli we-ambulensi, kodwa washeshe wabuyela ezweni lakhe eyosebenza kweminye imithombo yezindaba. Ngo-1937, wathunyelwa njengomlobi wezempi eSpain, lapho wabona izimpi eziningana zaleso sikhathi futhi wahamba iminyaka eminingi emhlabeni wonke.

UHemingway uhlanganise umsebenzi wakhe wokuba yintatheli nothando lwakhe njengombhali, inoveli yakhe yokuqala: Amanzi entwasahlobo, yavela ngo-1926. Yile ndlela athula ngayo imisebenzi eyishumi nambili, lapho incwadi yakhe yokugcina empilweni ivelele khona: Indoda endala nolwandle (1952). Ngenxa yalokhu kulandisa, umbhali wathola umklomelo wePulitzer ngo-1953 futhi waklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1954.

Amanoveli wombhali

• Izifufula Zentwasahlobo (1926)
• I Ilanga liyaphuma (1926)
• Ukuvalelisa Ngezikhali (1929)
• Ukuba Nokungenayo (1937)
• Okwenzelwe Ama-Bell Toll (1940).
• Ngaphesheya koMfula nakuyo Izihlahla (1950)
• Umuntu Omdala Nolwandle (1952)
• Iziqhingi Emfudlaneni (1970)
• Insimu Yase-Edeni (1986)
• Iqiniso ekukhanyeni kokuqala (1999)