Izincwadi zikaNoam Chomsky

"Izincwadi zikaNoam Chomsky" ukusesha okuvamile kuwebhu ngabathandi bezilimi. Lokhu akulona ize, umbhali ubhekwa njengomunye wezazi ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, imisebenzi yakhe yokubhala ngolimi kanye nesayensi yokuqonda ibe nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Engazi ngubani noam chomsky namuhla, kulahleka umbono womkhondo womsebenzi omkhulu. Umbhali waseMelika, isazi sezilimi, isazi sefilosofi wazalwa ngoDisemba 7, 1928. Ubhekwa njengomunye wabafundi ababaluleke kakhulu ngekhulu lama-XNUMX nelama-XNUMX. Izindatshana zikaChomsky nokunye okushicilelwe kumzuzele imiklomelo eminingana ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.. Ufundise eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) futhi lapho wahlanganisa umbono wakhe wohlelo lokukhiqiza, okuyisisekelo sawo esiyisi syntax semisho. Kwezombusazwe, uyingxenye yabasebenzi be-Industrial Workers of the World, umsekeli we-anarcho-syndicalism kanye ne-libertarian socialism.

Intsha nezifundo

UChomsky wazalelwa ePhiladelphia, ePennsylvania, e-United States; abazali bakhe babeyizifiki ezimbalwa zase-Ukraine ezazivela enkolweni yobuJuda. Uyise uWilliam "Zev" Chomsky nonina u-Elsie Simonofsky babeyizifundiswa zohlelo lolimi lwesiHeberu.

Umndeni kaNoam wawusezingeni eliphakathi futhi uyingxenye Ubuntwana bakhe wayehlala ePhiladelphia naseNew York. Kulezi zindawo le nsizwa yabona ukungabi nabulungisa nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla kwabantu ababizungezile, yingakho kusukela ebuncaneni bayo yayiyingxenye yezingxoxo ngamalungelo ezenhlalo nezepolitiki.

Ufunde isikole samabanga aphansi e-Oak Lane Country Day School kwathi ngo-1945 waphothula ekilasini le-184th leCentral High School., engomunye wabafundi abaphawuleka kakhulu. Ngaleyo minyaka wabhala i-eseyi ngeMpi Yombango yaseSpain kanye ne-fascism eyabonwa eYurophu ngemuva kokuqedwa kwayo.

Kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1949 wafunda e-University of Pennsylvania futhi ithonya lakhe elikhulu kwaba nguSolwazi Zellis Harris. Ngonyaka wokuthweswa kwakhe iziqu, uNoam Chomsky washada noCarol Schatz, owaba ngumlingani wakhe empilweni.

Iminikelo yolimi

Ngemuva nje kokuthweswa iziqu, waqala ukufundisa eMIT ngesincomo somngani wakhe. Uqale njengomsizi kaprofesa futhi wakhushulwa ngokushesha, wafundisa izilimi nohlelo lolimi kubafundi abafundela iziqu nabaphothula iziqu.

Ngo-1957 washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala enesihloko esithi Izakhiwo Zokwenziwa, lapho eveze khona imibono yakhe ngezilimi. Umbono wakhe wawususelwa ekuhlanganiseni uhlelo lolimi lwezilimi ezahlukahlukene nokwenza ukuthi lube jikelele. Ngo-Ephreli ngawo lowo nyaka, kwazalwa indodakazi yabo u-Aviva, owaba yisifundiswa nesishoshovu.

Ngo-1960 indodakazi yabo uDiane yazalwa futhi ngo-1965 washicilela Izici zeTheyntiki Theory, incwadi lapho abhala khona ngohlelo lolimi lwendawo yonke nolokukhiqiza. UChomsky uveza ukuthi i-syntax yomusho ingashintsha kaninginingi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa incazelo yayo. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva indodana yabo uHarry yazalwa.

Ngo-1972 washicilela Ama-syntactics nama-Semantics ku-Grammar ekhiqizayo, Kulokhu kushicilelwa, uqhubeke nombono wakhe wokuthi ama-syntactics ahlangana nama-semantics. Akazange afune ukunquma ukwakheka okukodwa noma okulungile kwemisho, kodwa kunalokho ngamandla amakhulu okwenza ukutolika okuningi kakhulu.

UChomsky kwezepolitiki

Imibono yombhali yezepolitiki isuselwe kufilosofi yobusoshiyali besibalo sabantu, okuphikisana nohulumeni bobushiqela, ukukhokhela ubugqila nokwenqaba ukugxambukela kombuso. Iqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nomphakathi wentando yeningi owakhiwe ngemihlangano yomphakathi kanye neyezakhamizi.

Umbhali ubhikishele uhulumeni wase-United States, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kokuthula kusetshenziswe njengecebo lokuphikisana nokuhlaselwa kuhlonyiwe. KuChomsky, imibono yombuso iyakhuthazwa ngokuthanda izwe okhuthazwa yilezi zimo.

Ngo-2006 washicilela Izwe elihlulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla nokuhlaselwa kwentando yeningi, lapho ahlaziya khona ukuthi i-US ijoyine kanjani izinkinga zezinye izizwe. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, umkakhe uCarol, owayenomdlavuza, wadlula emhlabeni.

Noam namuhla

Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, umbhali wahlanganisa imibono yakhe ngohlelo lolimi nolimi. KuChomsky, ingqondo yomuntu inolwazi lwangaphakathi ngokuxhumana nolimi, lokhu kunethonya noma kungashintsha kuye ngomongo akhula kuwo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umbhali ugxile ekwenzeni umbono wakhe womhlaba wonke waziwe futhi abambe iqhaza kwezombusazwe., ugxeke ohulumeni abaningana eLatin America futhi waphawula ngenhlekelele yaseVenezuela. UNoam unewebhusayithi lapho ungafinyelela khona izinto ezimayelana nempilo nomsebenzi wakhe.

Izincwadi zikaNoam Chomsky

Nazi izingcaphuno ezivela kweminye imisebenzi kaChomsky kwezepolitiki nakwezolimi:

Ubani obusa umhlaba?

"Iphethini yomvuzo nesijeziso iyaphindwa kuwo wonke umlando: labo abazibeka ekusebenzeni kombuso bavame ukunconywa umphakathi wongqondongqondo jikelele, kuyilapho labo abenqabayo ukuzivumelanisa nokusebenza kombuso bejeziswa."

Ukukhohlisa Okudingekayo: Ukulawulwa Kokucabanga Emiphakathini YeDemocratic

“Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi kuningi okusengcupheni lapha kunobudedengu, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle noma ukusebenzela amandla. Ukuvikelwa okunikezwe amaphekula ombuso "entando yeningi emisha" kunika isembozo emuva lapho bengazibandakanya khona ezenzweni zabo ezimbi, ngokuxhaswa okubalulekile yi-US, kanye nokugxila ekuthukutheleni abashokobezi. ukwesaba nokulwa kwezomnotho. "

Ake sikhulume ngobushokobezi

“Kumele uqonde ukhetho lwaseMelika ngokwengqikithi yalo yangempela, i-United States empeleni, ingumphakathi okhululekile futhi ovulekile. Izinsizakusebenza zodlame uHulumeni angazisebenzisa zilinganiselwe, baningi abantu abanelungelo futhi, ngezinga elithile, singakhuluma ngomphakathi ovulekile.

“… E-United States ayikho ipolitiki yeqembu efana nokuthi kuzoba nentando yeningi eyamukelekayo. Yilesi sizathu esenza ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabantu ingavoti ”.

Eminye imiklomelo nokuhlukaniswa

• IGuggenheim Scholarship in Humanities, United States naseCanada (1971).
•  Umklomelo weKyoto ku-Basic Sciences (1988).
• UBenjamin Franklin Medal kuCognitive and Computing Sciences (1999).
• Umklomelo Wokuthula waseSydney (2011)
• Umklomelo Imingcele Yolwazi Kubantu Nezesayensi Yezenhlalo (2019).