Umhlaba ojabulayo (Brave Yezwe Elisha) ingenye yezincwadi eziyi-100 ezinethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.. Yabhalwa umlobi waseBrithani u-Aldous Huxley ngo-1932. Futhi akuyona nje incwadi yesayensi eqanjiwe, kodwa i-dystopia ebeka umuntu, uhlelo nomphakathi ekuhloleni.
Impela Ibhekwa njengencwadi yokuqala evelele kunazo zonke yekhulu leminyaka elidlule elandisa ngekusasa elingaqinisekile futhi iqeda amandla ngendlela eyenziwa ngayo i-dystopia. Kamuva, kwakuyolandela eminye imisebenzi evelele. Uyawazi umsebenzi omkhulu ka-Aldous Huxley? Lapha sikutshela kabanzi mayelana nencwadi, kanye nokufaka isifinyezo senoveli.
Umbhali nomongo womsebenzi
U-Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) wayengumbhali nesazi sefilosofi saseBrithani. Wazalelwa emndenini wososayensi nezimbongi ithonya labo laqala ukutshalwa kwezinhlamvu kanye nokwakhiwa komcabango wakhe. Wabhala kusukela ebusheni bakhe, eshicilela inoveli, indatshana, indaba emfushane, izinkondlo noma umbhalo wefilimu.
Amashumi eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lama-XNUMX aletha inguquko yezobuchwepheshe eyayivele iqalile ngekhulu le-XNUMX. ngenxa yalokho umphakathi waqala ukuba nezinguquko ezasheshisa indlela yokuphila yemiphakathi. Namuhla lokhu kusobala kakhulu, kubonakala kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphila kwethu. Sibalekile
Umhlaba ojabulayo Ungomunye waleyo misebenzi ekhombisa isethulo semiphakathi yethu. Yingakho inembile ngokwesabekayo. U-Aldous Huxley ubelindele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buzosho ukuthini ekuthuthukisweni komuntu. Kulo msebenzi wakhuluma ngokulawulwa kwabantu kanye nemizwa yabo noma ukukhethwa kwamadoda kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo.
Kukhulunywa nge-utopia noma i-dystopia. Ngoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke umuntu ubonakala ejabule, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi enzeni futhi akayibuzi indawo yakhe emhlabeni. Umuzwa wemvelo wokungabi nalutho komuntu, lapho esenenkululeko yokuzikhethela, uyoshabalala. Nokho, intengo ekhokhiwe ingase ibe phezulu kakhulu. Ngokusobala kunenkululeko futhi abantu banempilo enhle.
Es impilo ehlelekile nejabulisayo etholakala ngokulahla ukucabanga okujulile, kanye nemizwa, okuyikhona okusakha thina njengabantu: isiko, uthando, umndeni noma amaphutha esingawenza kungenye yezici ezinqatshelwe izakhamuzi zalokhu. umhlaba ojabulayo. Le noveli iwukugxeka ngokuphelele umphakathi ngesikhathi sombhali.
Izwe Elisha Elinesibindi: Isifinyezo
Isendlalelo kanye nesistimu ye-caste
Isenzo kuthiwa emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka ngemva kwesikhathi sethu. Kuthathwa njengokubhekisela kuHenry Ford, owayengumgqugquzeli womhlangano onikeze inkonzo enkulu ku-capitalism. kanye nomphakathi wabathengi. Ayikhethwa ngokungahleliwe, njengoba u-Huxley onale ndaba ufuna ukurekhoda ukuthi le sistimu esiphila kuyo ibe nomthelela kanjani futhi ingaqhubeka yenza kanjalo. Unyaka-ke ngu-632 emva kweFord, okungalingana nonyaka wama-2540 wekhalenda lethu. Umphakathi ukhululekile ukuphila ubulili bawo, njengoba isimiso sokuzala singenye yezinto le noveli eguqula ngayo. Izingane ziza emhlabeni zinesiphetho esinqunyelwe kusengaphambili, ezibangelwa ngamaphupho, ukuze zibe nendawo emphakathini.. Zenziwa ngobuchwepheshe futhi zihlukaniswe ngesistimu ye-caste:
- iqembu le-alpha: labo abamiselwe ukuhola abanye, yilabo abaphezulu. Baphiwe ubuhlakani obuphakeme.
- iqembu le-beta: Banobubanzi obuphansi bemithwalo yemfanelo kanye nobuhlakani obuphansi kunabo obudlule. Benza iziqondiso ze-Alpha.
- Iqembu le-Gamma: babe nekhono elithile lemisebenzi ethile.
- Iqembu le-Delta: bangaphansi koGamma.
- Iqembu le-Epsilon: wenza imisebenzi ewumshini kakhulu nengemnandi.
Ukuxabana
Abalingiswa abakhulu nguBernard Marx noLenina Crowne (ngempela, amagama awawona ngephutha). Laba bobabili basebenza eLondon Hatchery and Conditioning Center, benza umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu. Nakuba uLenina ephila ngokujabula futhi ehola ukuphila kobulili okungalawuleki, uBernard kufanele abhekane nokungavikeleki okuhlukene. Naphezu kokuhlakanipha kwakhe okungavamile (uyi-Alpha-plus), unokungahambi kahle ngokomzimba okuholela ekubeni ahlekwe futhi anqatshwe abesifazane. Ungabaza izici ezithile zokuphila ahambe nalo ayovakashela isiqiwi esigcwele izixhwanguxhwangu.
UBernard uhamba noLenina futhi bobabili bahlangana noJohn, owaziwa ngokuthi "i-Savage". Labo ababhekwa njengabanonya bahlala kule ndawo, ngoba bangaphandle kwesimiso esikahle, i-World State.. Ngokuqondene noJohane, wazalwa ebuhlotsheni bobulili phakathi kwabantu ababili abavela ku-World State; okungukuthi, esimweni sakhe, isimiso sokuvimbela inzalo esifakwe lapho sehlulekile.
Kodwa uJohn ufundiswe ngunina (owayengunjiniyela wofuzo e-Incubation Centre) owamnakekela futhi wamnika amathuluzi okufunda ukufunda nokubhala. KANYE UBernard noLenina banquma ukuyisa ku-World State, isenzo esivula igebe lemibono, ukungaboni ngaso linye neziphetho. lokho kuzoqala lokho okwakuhloswe ukukuqeda ngohlelo lwe-World State: inkululeko yokucabanga kanye nokuzazi.
Umphumela
Kuleli zwe elingenabuntu nelilawulwayo, kuboniswa ukuthi ukufakelwa okungenakuphikiswa kwe intokozo okuthiwa ayilutho kodwa iyinkohliso nobuciko obungabekezeleleki. Ekupheleni kwenoveli, ebhekene nokuziphatha kobulili okuphakamisayo, uBernard uzama ukubalekela leli zwe futhi abe u-hermit ukuyeka ukucabanga ngoLenina, ngoba ubheka isifiso sakhe ngamanyala akhe. Kodwa-ke, ngeke akwazi ukubalekela ilukuluku futhi kulandela i-bacchanalian. Ezisola, uBernard uthatha impilo yakhe.