"Indumezulu kaGilgamesh". Inkondlo ebabazekayo evela ku-2.500 XNUMX BC. Okumangazayo njengamanje.

Gilgamesh

Ukuxhumana kwami ​​kokuqala ne I-Epic kaGilgamesh Kwakuneminyaka lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala. Ngayifunda ngesincomo somngane, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lomhumushi, imbongi, nomlobi UStephen Mitchell, engikuncoma kakhulu. Bengingacabangi ukuthi ngizoyithanda kangakanani le ndaba, kangangoba ngaze ngazisola ngokuthi ngike ngacabanga ukuthi kungaba yinkondlo eminyene noma eyisicefe.

Ithebulethi yeLapis Lazuli

«Lowo obone konke, ohlangabezane nayo yonke imizwa, kusuka enjabulweni kuze kube yithemba, uthole isihawu sokubona imfihlakalo enkulu, izindawo eziyimfihlo, zezinsuku zokuqala ngaphambi kukaZamcolo. Usehambile waya emaphethelweni omhlaba futhi ubuyile, ekhathele kodwa ephelele. Uqophe ukuxhashazwa kwakhe etsheni lamatshe, uvuselele kabusha ithempeli elingcwele lika-Eanna, kanye nezindonga ezijiyile zase-Uruk, idolobha okungekho muntu emhlabeni ongaqhathanisa nalo. Bona ukuthi izingange zalo zikhanya kanjani njengethusi elangeni. Khuphuka izitebhisi zamatshe, ezindala kunengqondo ongazicabanga; Fika ethempelini lika-Eanna, ungcweliselwe u-Ishtar, ithempeli elinobukhulu nobuhle obungalinganiswanga yinoma iyiphi inkosi; uhamba phezu kodonga lwase-Uruk, azungeze ipherimitha lakhe azungeze idolobha, ahlole izisekelo zalo ezinhle, ahlole izitini zalo, ukuthi uhlakaniphe kangakanani! qaphela amazwe azungezile: amasundu awo, izingadi zawo, izivande zawo, izigodlo zawo ezinhle namathempeli, imihlangano yokusebenzela kanye nezimakethe, izindlu zawo, izikwele zawo. Thola itshe lakhe legumbi bese kuthi ngezansi kwalo ufake ibhokisi lethusi elibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ayivule. Phakamisa isivalo sayo. Khipha i-lapis lazuli tablet. Funda ngendlela uGilgamesh ahlupheke ngayo konke futhi wanqoba konke. "

Ongaziwa, "I-Epic of Gilgamesh" (inguqulo ye-prose nguStephen Mitchell).

Umlando we Gilgamesh unayo isakhiwo esiyindilinga: indaba iqala, futhi iphele, ngasikhathi sinye, njengohlobo lwe-ouroboros oluma umsila wayo Imininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi kusuka kolayini bokuqala kufaka umfundi, kube sengathi ubambe i- i-lapis lazuli tablet elandisa ngezenzo zenkosi yamakhosi. La mavesi ayisimemezelo sezinhloso: "funda ukuthi uGilgamesh wahlupheka kanjani ngakho konke wakunqoba konke." Umlayezo obalulekile, ohlobene nomqondo we UNietzschean uzophatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba isazi sefilosofi esingumJalimane sizalwe.

Impikiswano ye- EpUGilgamesh opeya Ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi ingahlukaniswa kabili. Esokuqala, UGilgamesh ufuna udumo, futhi ulandisa ubutha bakhe no Enkidu (lapho kamuva eba ngumngane ongenakuhlukaniswa), umlingiswa omele isilo esiphambi kukaGilgamesh, omele impucuko. Ukuxhaphaza kwakhe kuyakhonjiswa, njengempi ebabazekayo yokulwa nesilo uHumbaba, noma izingxabano zakhe nonkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar neBelestial Bull yakhe.

Gilgamesh

Ingxenye yesibili, lapho UGilgamesh ufuna ukungafi, beka i-epic eceleni bese ujika ngendlela emangalisayo. U-Enkidu uyagula futhi uyafa, okuqeda umlingisi wethu omkhulu emikhawulweni engalindelekile, ngoba wayemthanda njengoba ezithanda yena. Inkosi ibona okokuqala ngqa ukuthi inyama yayo iyabola, nokuthi ngelinye ilanga kuzofanele nayo ife. Ngakho-ke, uqala uhambo lokuphishekela ukungafi, okumunyu futhi olungenayo injabulo.

Amagama agcwele amandla

«Uma ngiwa, ngiyobe sengizuze udumo.

Abantu bazothi: UGilgamesh uwile
silwa noHumbaba onolaka! ...
Ngizimisele ngokungena ehlathini lomsedari. "

Ongaziwa, "I-Epic of Gilgamesh."

Ubuhle obukhulu balokhu inkondlo yeqhawe yilokho yesimanje ngendlela emangalisayo. Futhi akuyona into engiyisho kalula, iyenzeka ngempela. Indlela abuphatha ngayo ubudlelwano bobungani phakathi U-Enkidu noGilgamesh, okuvela ezimbangi ezicishe zibe ngabazalwane, kungabonakala ezindabeni eziningi nakuma-sagas wezobuciko nezincwadi ezinsukwini zethu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indikimba yokuhamba kwesikhathi, yokufa, kanye nosizi oludala kumuntu, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, iyisihloko esibonakala sifana kakhulu nenoveli ekhona yesikhathi sethu, kune inkondlo eyenziwe ngo-2.500 XNUMX a. C. eMesopotamiya. Ngalezi zizathu, nezinye eziningi, ngincoma kakhulu ukuthi ufunde i- I-Epic kaGilgamesh.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.