Indoda endala nolwandle
Indoda endala nolwandle (1952) ngumsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu wenganekwane ye-American Ernest Hemingway. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo, umbhali ubuyele enkundleni yokubhala. Lokhu kulandisa kugqugquzelwe okwenzeka kumbhali uqobo njengomdobi eCuba. Kumakhasi angaphezudlwana kwe-110, wabamba ukuzidela kwetilosi elidala nomzabalazo wakhe wokubamba inhlanzi enkulu yasolwandle.
Le ndaba emfushane yashicilelwa okokuqala kumagazini Ukuphila, okujabulise uHemingway, kwazise incwadi yakhe izotholakala kubantu abaningi abangakwazanga ukuyithenga. Enkulumweni abe nayo uzwakalise ukuthi: "... lokhu kungijabulisa kakhulu kunokuwina iNobel." Ngandlela thile, lawa magama asongela, njengoba umbhali wanikezwa iNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1954.
Isifinyezo se- Indoda endala nolwandle (1952)
Santiago es umdobi owaziwayo eHavana njenge "okudala". He udlula esihlahleni esinzima: okuningi kwe- Izinsuku ezingama-80 ngaphandle thola izithelo ze- ukudoba. Ezimisele ukushintsha inotho yakhe, uvuka ekuseni kakhulu angene kwimisinga yeGulf, yonke into ibonakala iba ngcono uma iluma kwihhuku lakhe inhlanzi yasolwandle. Ubona le nselelo enkulu njengendlela yokukhombisa abanye amakhono akhe.
Impi enkulu
Ikhehla lalwa naye izinsuku ezintathu enkulu futhi enamandla inhlanzi; ngalezo zikhathi ezinde izinto eziningi zangena emqondweni wakhe. Phakathi kwabo, esidlule, nini umkakhe waphila futhi wajabulela ukuchuma emsebenzini wabo. Wabuye wakhumbula uMandolin, insizwa ayifundisa lo msebenzi kusukela esemncane futhi owayengumngane wakhe othembekile, kodwa owahamba.
Ukuphela okungalindelekile
USantiago unikele ngakho konke, futhi ngomzamo owodwa wokugcina ukwazile ukuthola izinhlanzi emlimaza ngocelemba lwakhe. Ngokuziqhenya ngomsebenzi wakhe, wanquma ukubuya. Ukubuyela emhlabeni kwakungelula nakancane, njengoba umdobi omdala kwakudingeka abhekane noshaka ababecasha. Yize alwa nabaningana, kancane kancane bakwazile ukushwabadela leyo nhlanzi enkulu bashiya kuphela amathambo ayo, okwadala imizwa yokwehlulwa ekhehleni.
Ntambama, USantiago wafika ogwini; washiya isikebhe sakhe nezinsalela zenhlanzi enkulu futhi ngaya ekhaya ngikhathele futhi ngidabuke ngokweqile. Yize kwakungekho lutho olusele olwandle, wonke umuntu emzaneni wamangazwa ubukhulu benhlanzi enjalo. UMandolin wayekhona futhi wabona ukufika, futhi wazisola ngokulahla ikhehla, ngakho-ke wathembisa ukuphinde amphelekezele emsebenzini.
Ukuhlaziywa Indoda endala nolwandle
Isakhiwo
Indaba iqukethe i- ulimi olucacile nolulula, oluvumela ukufundwa okushelelayo nokujabulisayo. Yize ungenawo amakhasi amaningi kakhulu - uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amanoveli -, inikeza okuqukethwe okuminyene nekhwalithi. Ziningi izimfundiso ezikhona kulo mlando, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoya ngencazelo yomfundi. Yingakho kungatholwa imibono eyehlukene ngalo msebenzi.
Isitayela show
Le ndaba emfushane ikhombisa isitayela esihlukile sombhali. Kwethulwa iqhawe - uSantiago, umdobi omdala - okuthi, yize esekhulile, angapheli amandla. Njengenjwayelo, kunodaba olukha phezulu: ukuntuleka kokudoba; nokho, indaba iyaqhubeka. Umlingiswa udlula ochungechungeni lwezimo zabantu, njenge isizungu, ukudumala, noma ukulahlekelwa, kepha uphila konke ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yintando yakhe nesibindi.
Izincazelo ezihlukile
Sibhekene nalokho abakubiza ngokuthi yisiphetho esivulekile. Udaba ayinamphumela othile, ngoba akukacaci ukuthi kwenzekani ngeSantiago. Ngakho-ke, konke kushiyelwa ekuchazeni umfundi. Isibonelo, ukudabuka nokuhlulwa lapho umdobi ebuyela ekhaya kungachazwa njengokuphela kobukhona bakhe.
Izingqikithi
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, Indoda endala nolwandle Yincwadi ekwenza ucabange ngezimo eziningi zempilo. Yize inengqikimba yayo eyinhloko uhambo lomdobi osemnkantshubomvu edlula esiqeshini esibi, le ndaba ithinta ngamanye amaphuzu, njenge: ubungani, ukwethembeka, ukubekezela, ukwesaba, ukuziqhenya, isizungu y ukufa, uma sibala ezimbalwa.
Eminye imininingwane yomlando womlobi
Umbhali nentatheli u-Ernest Miller Hemingway wazalwa ngoLwesihlanu, Agasti 21, 1899 e-Oak Park Village enyakatho ye-Illinois. Abazali bakhe Babe: UClarence Edmonds Hemingway noGrace Hall Hemingway; yena, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane odumile; futhi yena, umculi obalulekile nomculi. Bobabili babenjalo izibalo ezihloniphekile emphakathini olondolozayo wase-Oak Park.
U-Ernest wafunda e-Oak Park nase-River Forest High School. Ngonyaka wakhe omncane, waya khona —Phakathi kwezihloko eziningi— isigaba sobuntatheli, okushiwo nguFannie Biggs. Kulolu daba, ababhali abahamba phambili baklonyeliswa ngokushicilelwa kwemibhalo yabo ephephandabeni lesikole, elibizwa ngokuthi: I-Trapeze. IHemingway uwine ngokubhala kwakhe kokuqalakwakungu mayelana neChicago Symphony Orchestra futhi yethulwa ngo-1916.
Ukuqala kwezobuntatheli nempi yezwe yokuqala
Ngo-1917 - ngemuva kokwala ukuya ekolishi - wathuthela eKansas. Lapho waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengentatheli ephephandabeni Kansas City Star. Ecabanga ngokuhlala nje kule ndawo izinyanga eziyisithupha, uthole ulwazi olwanele lokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. Kamuva ujoyine iRed Cross ukuya eWWILapho wayesebenza njengomshayeli we-ambulensi ngaphambili e-Italy.
Umbhali wezempi
Ngemuva kwengozi ye-ambulensi, u-Ernest kwadingeka abuyele ezweni lakubo, lapho abuyela khona ebuntathelini. Ngo-1937 waya eSpain njengentatheli yiNorth American Newspaper Alliance ukumboza iMpi Yombango yaseSpain. Ngemuva konyaka, wabika ngezehlakalo zeMpi yase-Ebro kwathi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II wabona iD-Day, lapho kwaqala khona i-Operation Overlord.
Isitayela semibhalo
Hemingway yathathwa njengengxenye yeSizukulwane Esilahlekile, iqembu lamaMelika aqala umsebenzi wawo wokubhala ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kungenxa yalokho imisebenzi yakhe ikhombisa ukudumala nokungabi nathemba kwesikhathi esinzima. Izindaba zakhe kanye namanoveli abonakala ngokubhalwa ngephrozi elandisayo, ngemisho emifushane echazayo nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezimpawu zangaphakathi.
Umlobi yahlonzwa njengesitayela esiyingqayizivele, esasimaka ngaphambi nangemuva emkhakheni wezemibhalo. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala, Fiesta (1926), waqala umsebenzi wakhe. Lo msebenzi ukhombise indlela yakhe yokubhala, okuthe kuyo Hemingway ebizwa: inkolelo yeqhwa. Ngalo, umbhali ugcina Isizathu sendaba akufanele silethwe ngqo kumfundi, kepha kufanele ivelele ngokuphelele.
Sawubona, igama lami ngu-Areli futhi ngangiyithanda le bhulogi, ngiyithande impela futhi ngizobuya kaningi kakhulu ngoba indlela yokubonisa okuqukethwe inobuqambi futhi iyathakazelisa kangangokuba kuthina bathandi bokuyifunda kusikhuthaza ukuba sifunde kabanzi futhi sazi okuningi ngomhlaba wemibhalo. Iqiniso ukuthi ngiyithandile le bhulogi ngoba okwesikhashana ngazizwa ngiyintombazane encane esitolo sikaswidi ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ikuphi okumnandi ukukhetha konke kubukeka kuthakazelisa kangangoba ngifuna ukufunda konke yaaa.