Impisi ye-Steppe
Impisi ye-Steppe iyincwadi engokwengqondo yombhali weprozi waseSwitzerland-waseJalimane, umbhali wezindatshana kanye nembongi uHermann Hesse. Kukhishwe ngo-1927 (inguqulo yokugcina yavela ngonyaka olandelayo), UDer steppenwolf —Igama lokuqala lesiJalimane - kwakuyincwadi eyadunyiswa kakhulu eYurophu futhi yaba yimpumelelo ekushicileleni ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, umbhali wamaTeutonic wakhononda kaninginingi ngokuthi wayehunyushelwe kabi.
Mayelana nalokhu, abagxeki bemibhalo baveza ukuthi indaba yempisi inomsuka wayo ebunzimeni obukhulu obungokomoya obabhekene noHesse ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-20. kungenye yezincwadi zakudala zaseJalimane zemibhalo yekhulu lama-XNUMX. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sihloko sithathwa njengombhali wobuciko wobuciko omsebenzi wakhe wahlonishwa ngeNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1946.
Ukuhlaziywa Impisi ye-Steppe
Umongo womsebenzi
UDer steppenwolf Kube yisihloko sezincazelo ezingenakubalwa nezifundo zezifundo; iningi lazo liqondana ngokukhomba ubunjalo bokuphila bencwadi. Impela, Kukhona ukufana phakathi kwe-psyche ye-protagonist yendaba nempilo kaHesse. Eqinisweni, phakathi kuka-1916 no-1917 wayeyisiguli sikaDkt Joseph B. Lang, isigceme sikaDkt Carl Gustav Jung odumile, lowo umbhali ahlangana naye kamuva.
I-Psychotherapy ibidingeka ngenxa yenkinga ekhona yombhali ebangelwe ukufa kukayise kanye nokugula okunzima kwendodana yakhe uMartin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unkosikazi wakhe wokuqala wahlushwa iziqephu ze-schizophrenic (umshado awukaze weqe kulolo thando). Ngemuva kokuhlukanisa kwabo ngo-1923, uHesse wadlula kwesinye isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa nokudangala, zombili lezi zinto ezisobala emlandweni wempisi.
themes
Impikiswano yombhalo kukhombisa ubutha bombhali wamaTeutonic emphakathini wobunxiwankulu besikhathi sakhe. Ngokufanayo, uHesse usebenzisa isibalo sesilwane njengesifaniso ukuze aqhathanise izindlela ezimbili zokuphila: umuntu nempisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu ukhathazekile ngokuziphatha okuphucukile, imibono emihle, imizwa emihle nomqondo wobuhle bezinto.
Esikhundleni salokho, inja iyisibalo esinombono ngemvelo yaso nalabo abaseduze naso njalo okususa ukuhlekwa nokuhlekwa. Akungabazeki ukuthi isidla inyama esidla ebusuku siyisitha sesintu namasiko amukelwa emphakathini aqukethe imvelo yangempela yomuntu. A) Yebo, le ndaba izungeza impikiswano yokuziphatha engapheli ngaphakathi kwekhanda lomlingiswa oyinhloko.
Izinto ze-psychology yokuhlaziya
Isakhiwo uqobo lwaso ukuhlaziywa kwengqondo kukaHarry Haller, umlingiswa oyinhloko, umbhali nembongi okhaliphile, ophazamisekile engqondweni nodangele. Yize zisuka nje lokhu Uhlanzekile futhi unesizotha, imfuhlumfuhlu egumbini lakho kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuphazamiseka kwakho kwangaphakathi. Njengoba imicimbi iqhubeka, imingcele phakathi kweqiniso namaphupho iba mnyama.
E-Haller, imizwa ejulile yecala ihlala ndawonye nokukhohlisa okusobala kobukhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, unengqondo ehlakaniphile emvumela ukuba abonge ubuciko futhi aqonde ngokuzwela okushiwo yizinto ezizungezile. Kodwa-ke, lokho kuhlakanipha okufanayo kumholela ekuzilahlekeleni nge-labyrinths yakhe yethunzi eliphakathi kwezingxoxo zakhe zefilosofi.
Isifinyezo se- Impisi ye-Steppe
Isingeniso
Umbalisi wokuqala (uzethula njengo "mhleli" wombhalo kaHarry) ngumshana osemusha womnikazi wempesheni lapho kuhlala khona ophikisayo. Lo mlandeli ngezikhathi ezithile uveza umbono wakhe ngeHaller, amchaza njengendoda uhlakaniphile futhi uyacabanga, kodwa uphazamisekile ngokomoya.
Imibhalo kaHaller
Umlingiswa oyinhloko uzichaza njengomuntu wakwelinye izwe, ocabangayo, othanda iMozart nezinkondlo. Ubuye futhi wabhabhadiswa "njengempungwana engondliwe", isidalwa esedlulele engaqondakali futhi enesizungu. Ngobunye ubusuku unquma ukuphuma, futhi kutholakala ngomnyango oya "eMagic Theatre", kepha wehluleka ukuweqa. Vala lapho, ugijimela kumthengisi, ngubani, ngemuva kwengxoxo emfushane, umnika incwadi encane.
Lapho ebuyela egumbini lakhe, uHarry uthola ukuthi le ncwadi imayelana naye. Umsebenzi uqukethe uchungechunge lokuzindla ngefilosofi ngobuhle, izinkinga kanye nokushiyeka kwezimpisi ezizibiza ngokwazo. Noma kunjalo, lo mbhalo ubikezela ukuzibulala kwe-protagonist, into avumelana nayo, ngoba uzizwa edumele impela ngempilo yakhe.
Isilwane sasebusuku
Ngemuva kokuhamba ibanga elide, UHarry ungena endaweni yokucima ukoma "Ukhozi Olumnyama", lapho uhlangana noHermine, intokazi ekhangayo ekhotha amadoda. Ngemuva kwalokho, UHaller uba uhlobo lomlandeli wakhe futhi uyavuma ukuthobela yonke imiyalo yakhe (kufaka phakathi ukumbulala). Ngokuphindaphindiwe, i-protagonist inikezwa "ukufunda ukujabulela izinjabulo zempilo."
Kamuva, UHarry uhlangana noPablo, umculi we-hedonistic futhi ophethe iMagic Theatre. Futhi, UHermine umethula kuMaria, oba ngumthandi kaHaller. Ekugcineni, umlingisi oqavile ulinga ukudansa nokuhleka impisi nale ndoda. Okulandelayo, amaphaseji alayishwa uhleko, izidakamizwa kanye ne-trances engajwayelekile phakathi kweqiniso nenganekwane ngaphakathi kweMagic Theatre.
Isixazululo
Ezikhaleni ezingenangqondo zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, uHarry uhlangabezana nezimo ezijwayelekile zephupho elibi; Uze aze afike ekuxoxeni ngefilosofi nobukhona bezinto ngenguqulo yesimanjemanje ne-burlesque yeMozart. Ngasekupheleni, UHaller uthola uHermine elele enqunu eduze kukaPablo, lokho cabangela njengoba a isignali yokufeza intando yentombazane eccentric.
Ekugcineni, umlingiswa ophambili ubulala uHermine ngokugwaza. Ngenxa yalokho, ulahlwa ngokuphila okuphakade. Njengengxenye yesijeziso, kufanele abekezelele ukuhleka okungaqondakali kwamalungu enkantolo amahora ayishumi nambili. Ekuvaleni, uHaller uthatha isinqumo sokuguqula impilo yakhe ibheke phansi, futhi uzimisele ukufunda ukuhleka ngekusasa lakhe.
Mayelana nomlobi, uHermann Hesse
Ukuzalwa nobuntwana
UHermann Karl Hesse Wazalelwa edolobheni elincane laseCawl, eWürttemberg, eJalimane, ngoJulayi 2, 1877. Uyise, uJohannes Hesse, wayengudokotela odabuka e-Estonia ozalwa abashumayeli abangamaKristu; Umama wakhe kwakunguMarie Gundert odabuka eNdiya. Ngesikhathi esemncane, uHermann omncane wafunda isiLatin eGöppingen phakathi kuka-1886 no-1891.
Kusukela ngo-1891 umbhali wakusasa Uhlangabezane nezimpikiswano ezinamandla nabazali bakhe futhi wadlula ezinkingeni ezinzima zokucindezeleka (asho kaningana kamuva). Ngaphezu kwalokho, weqa esikoleni sobufundisi futhi wayengavamile ukuchitha izinyanga eziyisithupha kusikhungo esifanayo semfundo. Ngo-1892, abazali bakhe bambeka esibhedlela esiseStetten im Remstal ngenxa yemibhalo yakhe yokuzibulala.
Imisebenzi yokuqala
Izikole zokugcina azifunda bekuyisikhungo esikhethekile eBasel naseGymnasium eduzane naseStuttgart. Ngo-1893 waphothula amabanga aphansi futhi wayeka isikole. Ngemuva kwalokho, wasebenza njengomsizi esitolo sokubuka futhi kamuva waba ngumthengisi wezincwadi eTübingen. Lapho waqala ukufunda izinganekwane, imibhalo yenkolo nefilosofi ngababhali abanjengoGoethe, Lessing noSchiller, phakathi kwabanye.
Ushicilelo lwakhe lokuqala lwavela kumagazini iVienna ngo-1986, inkondlo Madonna. Kamuva, uHesse washicilela Romantische liede (1898) futhi U-Eine Stunde uthinte uMitternacht (1899). Kuwo womabili amaqoqo, uHesse ukhombise ithonya lamaRoma romantics adumile (iBrentano, von Eichendorff noNovalis, ikakhulukazi).
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibhalo nemishado
Impumelelo yenoveli UPeter camenzind (1904) wavumela uHermann Hesse ukuthi aphile ngokubhala impilo yakhe yonke. Ngaleso sikhathi umbhali waseJalimane wayesevele enentshisekelo kwezomoya (ikakhulukazi, wamaHindu) futhi wayelahlwe ngenxa yezempi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Umbhali waseJalimane wabhekana nobunzima empilweni yakhe yothando (wayeshade kathathu).
Abalingani
- UMaria Bernoulli, phakathi kuka-1904 no-1923
- URuth Wegner, 1927 kuya ku-1927
- UNinon Dolbin, kusukela ngo-1931 kwaze kwaba sekushoneni kukaHesse ngo-1962 ephuma ebuchosheni.
Imisebenzi eyaziwa kakhulu
- UGertrude (1910)
- UDemian (1919)
- USiddhartha (1922)
- Impisi ye-Steppe (1927)
- umdlalo wabalimi (1943).
Ifa
Umsebenzi kaHermann Hesse uhlanganisa ukushicilelwa okungaphezu kwama-40 kufaka phakathi amanoveli, izindaba ezimfishane, izinkondlo kanye nokuzindla, kanye nokubuyekezwa nokuhlelwa okungaphezu kuka-3000. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ithengise amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 emhlabeni wonke, ahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kwezingu-40. Ngokwengeziwe, umbhali waseJalimane unerekhodi elibanzi lezincwadi (ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezingama-35.000) futhi wayengumdwebi ovelele.