U-Alexandre Dumas (indodana).
INkosikazi yamaCamellias Ucezu olwaziwa kakhulu kukhathalogi ka-Alexandre Dumas Jr. Kuyinoveli yama-rose kukho konke ukunwetshwa kwethemu, isithombe sothando olungenakwenzeka esigwetshwe ukuphela okubuhlungu. Zisuka nje, umbhali uqobo lwakhe uphethe ukucacisa isiphetho se-protagonist - isithandwa sakhe kanye nomfel 'ukholo wakhe - kancane kancane futhi kabuhlungu wabulala isifo sofuba.
Ngokufanayo, lesi siqephu somsebenzi sithathwa njengesihibe esikhulu phakathi kweqiniso kanye ezothando okubhaliwe. Yebo, unya kwezinye zezindima zalo lapho indaba ingena ngamashwa abalingiswa bayo, ihambisa lonke ulimi olufakwe ushukela. Ngakho-ke, Kungumsebenzi oqondile, ophathekayo, ononya nabaphikisi bawo kanye nomphakathi okuvezayo: iFrance yekhulu le-XNUMX.
Umbhali
Kusukela igama lakhe, u-Alexandre Dumas Jr., wayehlala enenkinga yokuba "yindodana kayise". Wayeyindodana yemvelo yombhali odumile we Ama-Musketeers amathathu nomthungi onesizotha waseParis. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, wahlonishwa ngababa wakhe nguyise, okwathi ekugcineni futhi esebenzisa imithetho esebenza, wagcina ehlukene nonina.
Ngakho-ke, ubudlelwano phakathi kukababa nendodana buhambe ngezikhathi eziningi zokungezwani. Eqinisweni, umbhali we INkosikazi yamaCamellias Uthe: "Ngesikhathi esemncane, wayenendodana (uyise) okwakumele ayigade ayifundise." Ngoba owokugcina wayengumlingisi onempilo enesiphithiphithi, egcwele izindaba zothando eziningi, okufana nodumo nesimo sezinkanyezi ayesithokozela.
UDumas, oziphethe kahle
Iqiniso elingathandeki okwadingeka abhekane nalo "wesibili" lika-Alexandre liyabonakala emsebenzini wakhe. Yize wayelandela indlela yobuciko kayise, wayezokwenza ngesitayela sokulandisa esihluke ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ekukhetheni kwezihloko ezizodingidwa. Kuqhathaniswa, Izindaba zendodana ngokungangabazeki zisuka esikhungweni sokukhulisa izizukulwane zabazali ukuze zihlole izingqinamba ezejwayelekile nezansuku zonke.
Ngisho, kuDumas junior awekho amaqhawe amakhulu, kepha kunabaningi abahluliwe. Abaphikisi bayo "benyama negazi" bahlala "emhlabeni wangempela". Ngakho-ke, bayahlupheka noma bajabulele ngokwesimo sabo senhlalo noma ngendawo yabo ochungechungeni lokudla. Ngokwengeziwe, isici esiqhubekayo: abalingiswa baso (cishe ngaphandle kokuhlukile) bagcwele ubandlululo olungabavumeli badlule.
El indodana zemvelo
Omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu kuwo wonke umsebenzi kaDumas Jr. Ingane yemvelo. Ngokuya ngecala lakho, Umbhali umile kwelokuthi wonke umzali okwazi ukufaka ingane ngaphandle komshado, uphoqelekile ukuthi anikeze isibongo sengane futhi unxephezele umama ngokumshada.
Isigcwagcwa sokuba "yisixhwanguxhwangu" sahlukumeza umbhali ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe. Ngaphandle kwemfundo enhle ayinikezwa ngubaba wakhe, wazibonela ngawakhe ukuhlukunyezwa okwaziwa manje ngokuthi "ukuxhashazwa". Ngaphandle kwesikhundla sakhe "sokungekho emthethweni", wabuye wakhethwa ngenxa yefa lofuzo lukayisemkhulu kayise (wayengeyena umlungu, kepha wayeyi-mulatto).
Umbhali onegama lakhe
Naphezu kwakho konke ukucwaswa, u-Alexandre Dumas Jr. ukwazile ukwakha eyakhe indlela. Okuphethe ubuhle obukhulu, kubhekwe igama lakhe le-namesake noyise. Kungaphezulu, Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ubonwa kusukela esikhathini sakhe njengobalulekile ngaphakathi kwezinhlamvu zesizwe samaGallic. Kangangokuba wanikezwa ilungelo lokuba yingxenye yeFrench Academy.
Kunjalo, yayinabahlaseli bayo. UVictor Hugo, owaqala ukubhekana nodumo lukayise, wayengomunye wabasebenza kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, iSonto LamaKatolika - amandla alo ayesabalulekile ngaleso sikhathi eFrance - lafakwa ngo-1963 INkosikazi yamaCamellias nawo wonke amanoveli akhe othando ku-Index of Izincwadi Ezinqatshelwe.
INkosikazi yamaCamellias: indaba yempilo yangempela
INkosikazi yamaCamellias.
Ungathenga incwadi lapha: INkosikazi yamaCamellias
Impilo yendodana kaDumas yayingavunyelwe ukumangala kothando (hhayi okuningi njengaleyo kababa). Noma kunjalo, umbhali uqobo, lapho isigaba sakhe "sokungavuthwa" sesidlulile, weza ukuzwakalisa amahloni ngemicimbi eyahlukahlukene yobusha bakhe. Esinye salezo zahluko kuvezwe kuso INkosikazi yamaCamellias.
Le noveli, eyashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1848, ilandisa ngendaba yesikhulu esiphakeme -Enganekwaneni akanamali - yokuthi uthandana nomuntu ohlonishwa. Kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi uhlela ukuyohlala naye, yize bekuphikisana nobaba wakhe nokucwasa komphakathi.
Ukubukeka ngaphezu kwakho konke
UMargaret Gautier, i-protagonist, ihola indlela yokuphila engakhokhelwa. Kepha okuyinto angafuni ukuyishiya nayo. Lokhu kumholela ekutheni aqoqe izikweletu ezingenakubalwa ... kancane kancane, kanye nokugula kwakhe, kuzomqeda kuze kube yilapho esomile.
UMargarita uthandana no-Armando Duval, ummeli osemncane okhathazekile nge-courtesan, owenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze azohlala naye. Futhi iyaphumelela. Kodwa-ke, ingcindezi evela kubaba wakhe (efihla ngasese othandekayo wendodana yakhe) igcina ibekiwe.
Ukufeba, umona, ukuziphindiselela
Indodana kaDumas iveza obala izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili zomphakathi waseParis. Lapho, uma i-earl noma i-Duke igcina i-courtesan, azikho izinkinga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma le ntokazi ithatha isinqumo sokudela konke ukuze ibaleke nendoda eyithandayo, ngeke bayivumele. Okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso: uma indlovukazi inquma ukuxhasa isifebe, kulungile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isicukuthwane sithandana futhi sithathe isinqumo sokuziqinisa emshadweni naso, sihlukaniswa njengomuntu osile. Ngemuva kwalokho, umbhali uthatha le cocktail yobandlululo futhi uyabuyekeza ngokuhambisana nomona kanye nesifiso sokuziphindisela. Ekugcineni, yimizwa eholela ebubini obukhulu.
Iqonde futhi iluhlaza, akukho ama-frills
INkosikazi yamaCamellias kungumsebenzi wolayini onzima futhi oqondile. Embhalweni, izibalo zokubhala (izingathekiso, isibonelo) cishe azikho. Ngokufanayo, azikho izincazelo ezibabazekayo noma ezinemininingwane ezihlose ukujabulisa abafundi.
Umusho ka-Alexandre Dumas (indodana).
Lokhu kuba lula kolimi kuholela kwisitayela sokulandisa lapho indaba idlula khona ngamabhulokhi, njengamaslayidi encwadi yamahlaya amancane. Ngokwengeziwe, ukungabi bikho kwemihlobiso kusiholela ekuchazeni ngaphandle kokulibala ukuthi abalingisi abaphambili bagcina kanjani beboshiwe ngamashwa.
Umsebenzi obalulekile
Ukuba semthethweni kwale ncwadi kugcinwe kuze kube manje, ibuye yaguqulelwa kaningi ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini nase cinema. Esinye sezethulo esidume kakhulu yileso esenziwa yi-Italian Giuseppe Verdi. Ngubani, kusuka INkosikazi yamaCamellias, iqanjwe I-traviata.