I-Biography nemisebenzi kaMario Vargas Llosa

UJorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa (1936 - samanje) ubengomunye wababhali bezincwadi zamanoveli ababaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla, imibhalo yakhe inikezwe kaninginingi. INobel Prize for Literature kanye neCervantes Prize ngezinye zezinto ezihlonishwayo umbhali obekufanele.

Ukuphakama kwakhe ekuqashelweni komphakathi kwenzeka eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha ngamanoveli ahlukahlukene. Ezindabeni zakhe eziningi uzwakalise umbono wakhe maqondana nokuba yisakhamuzi sasePeruvia, kepha-ke eminyakeni edlule usunabele nakwamanye amasiko.

I-Biography

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

Mario Wazalwa ngoMashi 28, 1936 ePeru. Abazali bakhe kwakungu-Ernesto Vargas noDora Llosa, bevela emndenini osezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Bahlukanisa ngemuva kwesikhashana, le ndoda yayikhohlise umama wayo, uVargas wahamba nomndeni wakhe womama baya eBolivia futhi bamenza wakholwa ukuthi ubaba wakhe ufile.

Ngenxa yokuqomisana kuka-Ernesto Vargas, kwazalwa izingane ezimbili, abafowabo bakaMario abancane. Ngeshwa, omdala washona eneminyaka eyishumi nanye ngenxa ye-leukemia; omncane kunabo bonke usaphila ungummeli futhi uyisakhamuzi saseMelika.

Izifundo

Umkhulu kaVargas wakwazi ukuphatha ipulazi eBolivia, kulapho aqala khona isikole samabanga aphansi. Ngo-1945 babuyela ePeru futhi baphinde bahlangana noyise. Ngokwe-oda lakhe, ingxenye ye-baccalaureate yakhe yayihanjelwe esikoleni sokufundela amasosha, ngo-1952 waqeda unyaka wakhe wokugcina esikoleni iSan Miguel de Piura.

Uqale ukufunda ezomthetho nezincwadi e-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos ngo-1953. Ngo-19 washada noJulia Urquidi futhi ngo-1958, ngenxa yethisisi yakhe Izisekelo zokuhumusha kukaRubén Dario, uwine umfundaze kaJavier Padro wokufundela iziqu ze-postgraduate eComplutense University of Madrid.

Iminyaka eYurophu

Ngo-1960 imali yesibonelelo sikaMario yaphela futhi waya eParis ngethemba lokuthi uzophinde anikezwe umfundaze. Lapho efika eMzini Wokukhanya, wathola ukuthi isicelo sakhe senqatshiwe futhi wanquma ukuchitha isikhathi esithile eFrance. Ngalesi sikhathi, uVargas Llosa wabhala ngobuningi.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe

Uhlukanisile ngo-1964, ngemuva konyaka waphinde washada noPatricia Llosa, baba nezingane ezi-3 bavakashela iDolobha Lokukhanya. KwakuseParis lapho umbhali aqeda khona inoveli yakhe Umuzi Nezinja (1964).

Indaba yaklonyeliswa nge-Short Library Prize, enikeza umbhali isikhundla esihle. Lokhu kuqashelwa kwanikeza umlobi udumo, futhi waqhubeka nokukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi. UCarmen Balcellse waba ngummeli wakhe wezincwadi futhi wakwazi ukwenza amadili amahle nabashicileli. Ngenoveli yakhe: Indlu eluhlaza Wanikezwa umklomelo weRómulo Gallegos ngo-1967.

Umsebenzi wezepolitiki

UMario Vargas Llosa waba nentshisekelo kwezepolitiki, okwesikhashana wasekela imigomo kaFidel Castro; Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa, wagxeka kakhulu inguquko yaseCuba, ngoba umbhali wayehlala ethanda inkululeko. Ngo-1985 wayehlotshiswe yiFrance ngeLegion of Honor kwathi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki.

Isekelwa yimibono yakho yentando yeningi, Ngo-1990 uVargas wafuna isikhundla sokuba nguMongameli wasePeru yiqembu leDemocratic Front, elaziwa ngoFredemo. Ulahlekelwe yi-Alberto Fujimori, esolwa, eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokugunyazwa kwakhe, ukuthi wenze ubugebengu ngokumelene namalungelo abantu.

Imicimbi ebalulekile

Umbhali wanikezwa umklomelo weCervantes ngo-1994. Wenziwa waba yisizwe eSpain futhi kusukela ngo-1996 uyilungu leRoyal Academy. Ngo-2005 wabhekwa njengomlobi wobuzwe basePeru ngokuhlonishwa okukhulu emhlabeni wonke.

Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva wazuza umklomelo ophakeme kunayo yonke esikweletini sakhe, iNobel Prize for Literature. Lezi zindaba zazimangaza umbhali, ngoba, yize wayengomunye wezintandokazi, wayengekho kwasekuqaleni ngalowo nyaka. UVargas wayefundisa ePricenton University eNew York.

Ukwakhiwa

Izindaba zabo zakhiwe kahlenoma kunjalo, zifaka amahlaya namahlaya. Iningi lemibhalo yakhe yathuthukiswa ngaphandle kwePeru, lokhu kwamnika umbono ojwayelekile ngalelo zwe, abhala ngalo kaninginingi. Izindaba zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu kube yilezi:

Novelas

Umuzi Nezinja (1964).

Indlu eluhlaza (1965).

Ingxoxo ethempelini elikhulu (1969).

U-anti Julia noMbhali (1977).

Iphathi lembuzi (2000).

Izinganekwane

Amakhosi (1959).

Imidlwane (1967).