I-Biography nemisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo

UCesar Vallejo.

UCésar Vallejo (1892-1938) wayengumbhali wamanoveli wasePeru, umbhali wezindaba, umbhali wezindaba ezimfishane, kanye nembongi. Uvelele ngokufeza ukuduma okukhulu kuhlobo ngalunye lwemibhalo olwenziwe. Umsebenzi wakhe wesimanjemanje washiya uphawu, neqoqo lakhe lezinkondlo Abamemezeli abamnyama ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bayo. 

I-avant-garde nayo idume kabi ku- Umsebenzi wezinkondlo kaVallejo. Ukuphatha kwakhe ulimi, ngaphezu kwengcebo yakhe yezinsiza lapho ebhala, kumnikeze isikhundla esikhethekile phakathi kwababhali bangaleso sikhathi. I-Tungsten Ingenye yezingcezu zayo ezimele kakhulu.

I-Biography

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

USantiago de Chuco wabona imbongi izalwa. Wafika emhlabeni ngoMashi 16, ngo-1892. Umndeni wakhe kwakunguMeztizo, owomdabu nowaseSpain. Imvelo yakhe yayiphethwe phakathi kwamasiko agxilile, futhi umsebenzi oqotho wawuyisibonelo sosuku nosuku. UFrancisco de Paula Vallejo Benítez wayenguyise, umuntu obaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwakhe. Unina kwakunguMaría de los Santos Mendoza, owazama ukumqondisa ngokholo lwamaKatolika. Umbhali wayenezingane zakubo eziyi-10, wayemncane kunabo bonke.

IVallejo Imfundo

I-271 School Centre yaseSantiago de Chuco yindawo lapho uVallejo aqala khona ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umfana uzoba ngumfundisi. Ngo-1905, uCésar wangena eColegio Nacional San Nicolás eHuamachuco. Lapho wafunda amakilasi kwaze kwaba ngo-1909.

Yize umndeni uphikelela ukuthi uVallejo akholwe, lapho eneminyaka engu-18 wangena eNational University of Trujillo. Lapho, waqala izifundo zakhe zezincwadi. Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kwemali engenayo ekhaya lakhe kwakuyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke umbhali kwadingeka amise izifundo zakhe. Ngemuva kwalokhu kukhubeka, uCésar wanquma ukuzama ukufundela ubudokotela. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifushane wayeka. Naphezu kokumenyezelwa okubi, imbongi yakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini wezincwadi, kwathi ngo-1915 yathola iziqu zayo.

Intsha eTrujillo

Isiteji uCésar Vallejo ayehlala kuso eTrujillo sasigcwele okuhlangenwe nakho, wajoyina i- Iqembu laseNyakatho, okwakungeyabaculi abancane nezifundiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikezwa ithuba lokwazisa amanye amavesi akhe kwabezindaba bendawo; futhi kwakuyisikhathi sothando.

Ngo-1917 wathandana noZoila Rosa Cuadra, intombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Kepha isikhathi esifushane sobudlelwano samcindezela futhi wacishe wazibulala. Kodwa-ke, abangane bakhe babekhanya ebumnyameni ngoba bamqinisekisa ukuthi aye enhlokodolobha yasePeruvia ayokwenza iziqu zobudokotela.

Isithombe sikaCésar Vallejo.

Impilo eLima

UVallejo wafika enhlokodolobha yasePeruvia ngasekupheleni kuka-1917. KwakungoDisemba 30, impela. Ngokushesha nje lapho efika, waqala ukuxhumana nombuthano onelungelo lababhali. UManuel González Prada no-Abraham Valdelomar babengabangane abavamile bezinkulumo ngezikhathi zantambama zaseLima. Ngaleso sikhathi, umagazini I-Suramerica isebenze imbongi njengesikhala sokusebenzisana kwayo okuningi okuyizinkondlo.

Akuzange kudlule izinyanga ezintathu lapho uVallejo eqala ukufundisa. Ngaleyo minyaka wayenobudlelwano bothando nentsha u-Otilia Villanueva, okwaholela ekutheni alahlekelwe ngumsebenzi esikhungweni semfundo. Kamuva, Uqale ukusebenza njengothisha wohlelo lolimi eNuestra Señora de Guadalupe National School.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala

Ngo-1919 uVallejo washicilela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, Abamemezeli abamnyama. Ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo kwagqama ngokubaluleka kwalo okukhulu. Le ncwadi inezici zesimanjemanje futhi ibhekane nazo izingqikithi eziphindaphindeka kakhulu zeVallejo, okuhlobene nokuhlupheka kwabantu. Ngalesi sihloko wangena ezincwadini zeLatin American; ngonyaka olandelayo waya ezweni lakubo.

Ukuboshwa ngokungafanele

Ngenkathi ngiseSantiago de Chuco, UCésar Vallejo wasolwa ngokungenacala ngokubandakanyeka ekushiseni indlu yomndeni wabathengisi edolobheni.. Ngakho wachitha cishe izinyanga ezine ejele laseTrujillo. Leli bhadi belingeyona isikhubekiso ukuthi imbongi iyeke ukubhala. Eqinisweni, waze wanqoba nomncintiswano wokubhala.

Yize icala lalingavaliwe, isikhathi esithile kamuva wakwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile wabuyela enhlokodolobha yezwe. Lapho washicilela, ngo-1922, kathathu, iqoqo lezinkondlo ezavuselela izinkondlo ezazaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngonyaka olandelayo kwavela isethi yezindaba Izikali ezinamathiselwe.

UCésar Vallejo, kwesobunxele, e-II International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture; Spain, 1937. Ukweqa ungabona uPablo Neruda.

Impilo eParis nokufa

UVallejo wahamba wayohlala eParis ngo-1923 eyofuna okuhlangenwe nakho okusha, Lapho wayesebenza kwimidiya eyahlukahlukene yaseLatin America futhi wahlangana nomlingani wakhe wempilo uGeorgette Philippart. Uqhubeke ngokuzinikela ekubhaleni, ngaleyo minyaka abeyiyona I-Tungsten.

Umbhali waqala ukugula egula ngoMashi 1938, ngakho walaliswa esibhedlela. Kepha wehlulekile ukululama futhi Wafa ngo-Ephreli 15, 1938 ngomalaleveva, wayeneminyaka engamashumi amane nesithupha ubudala; amathambo akhe aphumule emathuneni aseMontparnasse eParis.

Ukwakhiwa

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Bona ukunikezwa Bona izici

- AmaBlack Heralds (1919).

- Thwebula (1922).

- Inganekwane yasendle (1923).

- Towards umbuso Sciris (1944). Kwabhalwa phakathi kuka-1924 no-1928.

- Russia ngaphambi kohlelo lwesibili lweminyaka emihlanu (1931).

- Tungsten (1931).

- UColacho, abafowethu noma omongameli baseMelika (1934).

- Itshe elikhathele (1937).

- UPaco Yunque (Posthumous edition, 1951). Kubhalwe ngo-1931.