Ukuvela kukaTintin

Ukuvela kukaTintin kuyinto yamahlaya eyenziwe ngumdwebi wamakhathuni waseBelgium uGeorges Remi (Hergé). Lo msebenzi uthathwa ngabahlaziyi abaningi bemibhalo njengomunye wamahlaya adlula kakhulu ngekhulu lama-10 eYurophu. NgoJanuwari 1929, 24, izengezo zokuqala kwezingu-46 ezashicilelwa eminyakeni engama-50 eyalandela zavela futhi zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kwama-XNUMX. Amagugu alo wokuxhumana, ukulingana nobungane anokusebenza okuphakade.

Nokho, ama-albhamu kaTintin - noHergé - awazange abe nokuphikisana. Basolwa ngombono wephiko langakwesokudla kanye nokucwaswa kwabokufika, enezincazelo zamazwe, abantu namadolobha, ngokuya ngezinkoleloze. Lokhu kuboniswe ngecala elifakwe ngo-2007 yisakhamuzi saseCongo. Ngubani ocele ukuvinjelwa kwevolumu ITintin noma iCongo, wobandlululo (Óscar Gual Boronat, 2011).

Mayelana nomlobi, uGeorges Remi, uHergé

UGeorges Prosper Remi wazalelwa e-Etterbeek, eBelgium, ngoMeyi 22, 1907. Izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphansi zaqondana nokwakhiwa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngesikhathi esakhula wayeyingxenye ye- IBoy Scouts yaseBelgium; kamuva, wajoyina I-Federation of Catholic Boy Scouts. Lolu shintsho - kanye nesibopho sokufunda amabanga aphakeme esikhungweni sezenkolo, i USanta Boniface- kubangelwe yingcindezi evela kuyise, u-Alexis Remi.

Izincwadi zokuqala

Ukunyakaza kwama-scout kanye nobuKatolika kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ebuntwini bakhe nasemsebenzini wakhe. Amahlaya akhe okuqala ashicilelwe abuyela emuva ku-1922, avele ku- le boy scout, isayinwe ngaphansi kwegama mbumbulu elithi "Hergé" (ukubizwa kwama-initials akhe i-RG, ngesiFulentshi). URemi uqhubeke nokunikela okuncane kulo magazini oshiwo ngenhla ngemifanekiso yezindatshana zakhe, nangezinye izikhathi, nekhava.

Kumagazini ofanayo washicilelwa (kusuka ngoJulayi 1926 kuya ekuqaleni kuka-1930) I-Totor, i-CP yezinyosi ezinkulu, wabheka uchungechunge lwakhe lokuqala olusemthethweni. Ngonyaka owedlule, uRemi naye wajoyina njengomnikeli ephephandabeni lomugqa wesonto we-ultraconservative. Le XXème Scièle. Umsebenzi awuphazamisa phakathi maphakathi no-1926 nasekupheleni kuka-1927 ngenkathi esebenza inkonzo yezempi eQenjini Lokuqala labazingeli ngezinyawo.

Ukuvela kukaTintin noMilo

NgoJanuwari 10, 1929, uTintin nowakhe I-Fox terrier, Snowy, ekwengezeni kwentsha Le Petit Vingtieme de UScièle. Eqinisweni, kumayelana nomlingiswa wakhe uTotor - enezinhlamvu ezithile egameni lakhe eziguquliwe - waphenduka intatheli wathunyelwa nomngane wakhe we-canine eSoviet Union. Kwakuyi-albhamu yokuqala yama-albhamu angama-24 eyayizokwenza amahlaya adumile futhi aphikisayo I-Adventures kaTintin. 

Eminye imisebenzi kaHerge eyaziwa I-Adventures kaJo, Zette noJocko (Ama-albhamu ama-5) kanye Quique futhi Flupi (Ama-albhamu ayi-12). Zombili lezi ziqu zakhiwe ngokufana noTintin, kepha zazingasakazwa intatheli yaseBelgium noMilo. Ngokusho kukaCoronado-Morón et al. kusuka eNyuvesi yaseMalaga, "UTintin uyisibonelo sophawu lwamahlaya wentsha oluthonye amagugu abantu abasha nentsha yezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene". Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi kube umsebenzi obalulekile ngaphakathi kohlobo.

Ama-Albhamu Ukuvela kukaTintin

Uhlu lwezigaba ezilandelayo lunikeza ukulandelana kwezikhathi ngokususelwa ekubukekeni kokuqala (eminye imikhiqizo iphazanyisiwe ngenxa yezempi kanye / noma izizathu zomuntu siqu). Futhi Izifunda ezivakashelwe nguTintin zishiwo ngemiqondo ethile yokushicilelwa ngakunye. "Njalo, amazwe angempela namadolobha lapho ukuxhumana nobungane kwenzeka khona" (Coronado-Morón et al., 2004).

Tintin Ezweni LamaSoviet I-1929 - 1930

UTintin noSnowy bangena enhliziyweni ye-USSR, bekhombisa kaningi ukucasuka kombuso wobukhomanisi. Isikhathi esiphakeme somdlalo besimelwe ngokufika kwesitimela eBrussels kwe iscout boy Uneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala. Isiteji sokubuyela kukaTintin eBelgium senzeka ngoMeyi 30, 1930 futhi sabonisa impumelelo yomugqa wamahlaya.

UTintin eCongo I-1930 - 1931

Enye yezincwadi zikaHergé ezinempikiswano enkulu ngombono wakhe wokunganaki wobukoloniyali baseBelgium e-Afrika kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinkolelo-ze. Uhambo lukaTintin oluya eCongo lwethula isimilo somlingiswa esiqhuma kakhulu nokungajwayelekile, lapho egcina ethinteka ekusombululeni ubugebengu bamazwe omhlaba. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, incazelo ebucayi yokushushumbisa izidakamizwa nezikhali zomhlaba wonke ithuthukisa impikiswano eyenziwe nguRemi.

UTintin eMelika (1932)

Ukuthuthuka kwalo mdlalo wamahlaya kuveza ukuqhathanisa okukhulu okukhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uTintin udiliza yonke inhlangano yamacala obugebengu yamazwe omhlaba eholwa ngu-Al Capone waseChicago. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxoshwa kwamaNdiya abomvu okugcina emazweni awo okuqala ngenxa yokutholakala kukawoyela kubikwa njengokukhishwa. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo yemvelo eyake yaba utshani iguqulwa yaba idolobha elibi kakhonkolo.

Ugwayi kaFaro I-1933 - 1934

Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezintathu ezingajwayelekile ezihanjwa nguTintin noSnowy ngokwabo hhayi kwikhomishini yomsebenzi: iGibhithe, iNdiya kanye neChina. Kule albhamu abalingiswa bakaHernández noFernández benza i-debut yabo kanye nomubi we-billionaire villain Rastapopoulos ubonakala ngokufaneleka okukhulu.

IBlue Lotus (1934)

Kubhekwa ngabalandeli abaningi bencwadi yamahlaya njengobungcweti. URemi uthembele ekubambisaneni okubalulekile okubhalwe phansi komfundi waseChina uZhang Chongren ukukhiqiza. Umnyombo wendaba yakhe wafuna ukuqeda ubandlululo lwaseNtshonalanga ngamaShayina futhi wagxeka ngokusobala ubukoloniyali baseJapan eChina.

Indlebe ephukile I-1935 - 1937

URemi wakhuthazwa yimpi yeChaco eyayihlanganisa iBolivia neParaguay (ebizwa ngeSan Theodoros neNuevo Rico, ngokulandelana) phakathi kuka-1932 - 1935. UHergé wasungula neqembu lamaMelika - i-Arumbaya - futhi wengeza omunye umlingiswa odumile kumakhomikhi, uGeneral Alcázar. Ngale ndlela, uqhubeke ngokuziphendukela kwemibono nangokuqina kuphenyo lwe-anthropological and archaeological olukhonjiswe kuma-albhamu angaphambi kwakhe.

NgokukaBarragán (2008), “… maqondana neNingizimu Melika, akungabazeki ukuthi ngokuhambisana nezigigaba zentatheli esencane, kwakhiwa ukubhuqa okunonya ngokumelene ne-caudillismo yempi ebambe iqhaza ekuqedeni ukuvela kwamademokhrasi angempela avumela ukunqoba izimo zomlando zobumpofu kanye nokusiphula ”.

Isiqhingi esimnyama (1937 - 1938, 1943 no-1965)

Ngenxa yamaphutha ayo okusethwa, kwakudingeka izinhlelo ezintathu ukukhishwa kokugcina kwale albhamu ngo-1965. Le micimbi yenzeka eScotland, ngezinsolo ezingagunci ezibhekiswe ekukhuleni kukaHitler ezinsukwini ezandulela iMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba. Isikhohlakali nguDkt Müller, odabuka eJalimane, maphakathi nendaba egxile kubunhloli.

Intonga ka-Ottokar (1938 no-1947)

Kule albhamu, uRemi uyaqhubeka nokugxeka ukwanda kwamaNazi ngenxa yokungena ngenkani kwe-Austria (1937) neCzechoslovakia (1938) ku-Third Reich. Ukufaniswa kufezwa ngumbuso ocatshangelwayo waseSyldavia, ohlanganiswe neBolduria ngenxa yesifiso sobushiqela uMüsstler (Mussolini - Hitler). Ngokunjalo, iSydldavia ibisebenza kakhulu kuma-albhamu akamuva, kanye nokuvela komlingiswa wesifazane omkhulu wesaga, uBianca Castafiore.

Ezweni legolide elimnyama (1940, 1949 no-1971)

Ukushicilelwa kwale albhamu kuphazanyiswe ukuhlasela kweJalimane eBelgium. UHergé wakwazi ukuqhubeka nale ndaba cishe eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva futhi wanezela eminye imininingwane kuyona ngohlelo lokugcina lwango-1971. Ohlelweni lokuqala, izehlakalo zenzeka ePalestine, kodwa isitolimende sokugcina senzeka ezweni lama-Arabhu elaliqanjiwe, iKhemed. Kwethulwa abalingiswa ababili ababalulekile lapho: U-Emir Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab kanye nezibulo lakhe, u-Prince Abdallah.

Inkalankala enezinzipho zegolide (1940)

Bekungeyokuqala kuma-albhamu anempikiswano akhishwa nguHergé wephephandaba Le soir, elawulwa abahlali baseJalimane eBelgium phakathi nempi. Ifaka ukuqala kweCaptain Haddock oyisithonjana, ozoqhubeka abe ngumlingiswa obalulekile kulo lonke lolu chungechunge.

Inkanyezi engaqondakali (1942)

Bekungokokuqala kuma-albhamu akhe ukuthi ashicilelwe ngombala. Ilandisa ngokufunwa kwe-meteorite ngamaqembu amabili aphikisanayo - aseYurophu naseMelika - ocwaningo lwesayensi. Isikhohlakali se-albhamu, uBlumenstein, sidale ukugxeka okukhulu uHergé ngenxa yemvelaphi yomlingiswa ongumJuda. Yize (ukwengeza ukuhlambalaza ukulimala), umphikisi waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "Bohwinkel", kwagcina sekuyisibongo esinezimpande zamaSemite.

Imfihlo ye-unicorn I-1942 - 1943

UTintin, uSnowy noHaddock bahamba ngomkhondo wempicabadala oshiywe ngukhokho wokaputeni wekhulu le-XNUMX, ingwazi uFrancisco de Hadoque. Isinqumo singabaholela engcebweni kaRed Rackham. Ngalesi sizathu, kumele baqoqe amamodeli amathathu afanayo omkhumbi we-knight, noma kunjalo, ezinye izigebengu eziyingozi kakhulu nezingenangqondo ziphishekela inhloso efanayo. Lesi sihloko kamuva senziwa ifilimu nguSteven Spielberg.

Igugu likaRackham the Red I-1942 - 1943

URemi wethule kulo msebenzi uprofesa oyisifanekiselo uSilvestre Tornasol, ngokususelwa ku-physiognomy kadokotela odumile u-Auguste Piccard. Umlingiswa ngusosayensi ophazamisekile futhi ongahambelani ongavela kakhulu kwezinye izindaba. Kuyindida ukuthi umcebo ofunwa nguTintin nabangane bakhe kule albhamu useMoulinsart Castle, ephethwe okhokho bakaCaptain Haddock.

Amabhola ayisikhombisa e-crystal (1943 - 1944 no-1946 - 1949)

UTintin ubuyela eNingizimu Melika ukuthola ngesiqalekiso sikaRascar Capac, esawela kubavubukuli ababephenya ithuna lase-Inca. Ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kwale albhamu uHergé wasolwa kaningana ngokusebenzisana namaNazi. Yize kunokubuyela emuva okukhulu, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kungumsebenzi ophawulekayo osuka endaweni yokubuka eyayibhalwe phansi.

Mayelana nalokhu, uBarragán (2008) wathi “… ubulukhuni ocwaningweni lwe-anthropological and archaeological lweqembu eliholwa nguHergé luphawu lwentshisekelo yabo ekufuneni ifa lamasiko alezi zizwe okuye kwaba yinto yokuphangwa njalo yi Izazi zaseYurophu. " Ngakho-ke, kuwuphawu olucacile lwesimo sikaHergé "sokuzigxeka ngokujulile".

Okuqondiwe: Inyanga (1950 no-1951)

Kwakuyincwadi yokuqala eyenziwe yiHergé Studies, lapho, wayeneqembu elihle kakhulu labahlanganyeli eliholwa nguBob de Moor. Kuyindaba eqanjiwe yesayensi ehambisana nomjaho wasendaweni wesikhathi owawudinga uphenyo olunzulu noluningiliziwe. Ngezinga lokuthi umbhali waseBelgium kwadingeka aphazamise umsebenzi wakhe izinyanga eziyi-18 phakathi kuka-1950 no-1951 ngenxa yokukhathala ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Ukufika eNyangeni I-1952 - 1953

Ukulandisa kuyaqhubeka ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwerokhethi enikwe amandla yenyukliya eqediwe yithimba likaDkt Calculus embusweni weSydldavia. Bese kuthi uTintin, uSnowy, uHaddock, uTornasol kanye nalabo abazimemile, uHernández noFernández bathathe uhambo olubathatha ukunyathela inyanga. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukufana okuhlaba umxhwele nokuningi okwenzeka phakathi kwendaba kaHergé kanye nomsebenzi wangempela ka-Apollo XI eminyakeni eyi-16 kamuva.

Indaba ye-Calculus I-1954 - 1955

Kuyindaba yobunhloli egxile empini ebandayo. URemi ubuyisela umbukeli esizweni esicabanga, iBorduria, ngaphansi kombuso wobushiqela wobushiqela wobushiqela wobukhomanisi njengoStalin. Ingxenye yesakhiwo sayo senzeka eGeneva, eSwitzerland, futhi kuvela izinhlamvu ezintsha ezibalulekile, njengoColonel Sponsz osontekile.

Isitoko se-coke (1956 - 1958 no-1967)

UTintin ubuyela eKhemed, izwe eliqanjiwe lase-Arab. Yize impikiswano ibekwe ngokusobala ngokumelene nobugqila nokushushumbiswa kwezikhali, uRemi waphinde wathola ukugxekwa ngenxa yezinkolelo zakhe zabantu base-Afrika. Ikakhulu, inhloso bekuwukusola ubunzima abhekana nabo amaSulumane ase-Afrika ngenkathi behambela eMecca. Ohlelweni luka-1967, izindima ezithile ziyasuswa futhi nendlela abantu abachazwa ngayo iyashintshwa.

Tintin eTibet I-1958 - 1959

Ngesikhathi le albhamu ishicilelwa, udumo lukaTintin lwase lufinyelele ekubalulekeni kwamazwe omhlaba. Ikhathuni isola isimo saseTibet, esahlaselwa yiChina ngo-1949 futhi saholela ekudingisweni kweDalai Lama eNdiya. Le ndaba ikhombisa uTintin ezimisele ngokubeka impilo yakhe engcupheni ukuze asindise umngani wakhe uTchang (kusuka IBlue Lotus).

Amagugu eCastafiore I-1961 - 1962

Imicimbi yenzeka lapho kuhlala khona uCaptain Haddock, eMoulinsart Castle. Yiyona kuphela i-albhamu kule saga engakhulumi ngohambo futhi uzungu lwayo olungenayo imfihlakalo okufanele ixazululwe. Kodwa-ke, yamukelwa kahle ngabalandeli balolu chungechunge. Ngokulinganayo, uRemi wanconywa ngokuveza kwakhe kahle ama-gypsies.

Indiza engu-714 iya eSydney I-1966 - 1967

Emehlweni abalandeli abaningi balolu chungechunge, imele i-albhamu kaTintin empofu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke inezindaba ezithokozisayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kwayo. Ilandisa ngokuvela kwezinye izidalwa zasemkhathini, kanye nokuphazamiseka okusha kwe-villain Rastapopoulos nezinhlamvu ezimbili ezintsha, uLazzlo Carreidas noMik Ezdanitoff.

UTintin kanye nama-rogues I-1975 - 1976

Umlobi waseBelgium noFox Terrier wakhe othembekile ubuyela eSan Theodoros, lapho ehlangana khona nabalingiswa abangakhohlwayo abavela Indlebe ephukile. Kulokhu kushicilelwa, isithombe se-protagonist se-saga siguqulwa ngokuya ngemfashini yangaleso sikhathi, ngamabhulukwe esitayela se-jeans. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTintin ufaka isigqoko sokuzivikela esinophawu lokuthula futhi uba ngudokotela weyoga.

UTintin nobuciko be-Alpha

Ngokucaciswa kwale albhamu, uHergé wenza imibhalo eminingi yobuciko ayenza ngesikhathi sokudweba kwakhe. UTintin nobuciko be-Alpha igxile ocwaningweni oluzungeze ubuciko besimanje namabandla ezenkolo. Ngokudabukisayo, uRemi akazange akwazi ukuqedela lo msebenzi ngoba impilo yakhe yayikhubazeke kakhulu ngenxa yomdlavuza wegazi.

UGeorges Prosper Remi washona eWoluwe-Saint-Lambert, eBrussels, eBelgium, ngoMashi 3, 1983. Umfelokazi wombhali, uFanny Vlamnick, uthole wonke amalungelo kumlingisi uTintin nakuwo wonke amahlaya akhe. Ubani owayengunkosikazi wesibili kaHergé wanquma ukushicilela UTintin nobuciko be-Alpha ngo-1986, njengoba nje umyeni wakhe ongasekho ayishiya. Njengamanje, uVlamnick uyindlalifa yendawo yonke kaRemi futhi uphatha impahla yakhe yobuhlakani ngeHergé Foundation.