Yini ama-haikus?

Izincwadi ezimfishane igebe elihlala likhula liqala ukwenziwa kusengaphambili kwabafundi nababhali abasha ngenxa yesikhala se-Intanethi esivumela ukuthi sitakule zonke lezo zindaba ezincane, amavesi nezinkondlo ukuvusa isithombe, umuzwa noma izaba ezilula zokuphunyuka.

Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zalo mkhuhlane we-micro nokuthi ngokuqinisekile iningi lenu selizokwazi, yi haiku (俳 句), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-haiku, uhlobo lwe inkondlo yasendulo yaseJapan ngokuvamile kususelwa ku- ukwakheka kwamavesi amathathu amaqoqo ezinhlanu, 5 no-7, Ukuhunyushwa kwaseNtshonalanga kwe-metric 17 ye-blackberry esetshenziswa yi-haiku yasekuqaleni. Ezinye zezinye izidingo ezifunwa yile ndlela yezincwadi zasempumalanga zifaka leyo eyaziwa njenge kigo (季 語), igama elisho isikhathi esithile sonyaka noma leyo njongo engaguquki yokusondela emvelweni.

Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa IHaiku yaduma njengendlela yokuveza inkolo yaseJapan yeZen ngenxa yenkosi uBashöAbabhali abaningi baqhubekile nokuguqula imitha yokuqala ngenkathi abanye beyishintshe kancane, bezala i-haikus enezikhombo kwezinye izingqikithi futhi enamavesi anamaqoqo amaningi.
Iqala kanjani i-haikus

Umsuka we-haikus uhlobene nenkolo e-China Yasendulo. Ngaleso sikhathi sobuBuddha, ubuConfucian, nobuTao, ​​zaduma kakhulu njengendlela yokufinyelela kwabanye nokuveza imicabango. Kodwa-ke, kwakusekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha lapho beqala ukwaziwa kangcono ngenxa kaMatsuo Bashoo, omunye wabantu ababamele kakhulu lezi zinkondlo.

Ngokusobala, i-haiku iyinhlobonhlobo yamaHaikai, okuyizinkondlo zamavesi angama-36, 50, noma ama-100 aqanjwa eqenjini, okungukuthi, phakathi kwabantu abaningana, imbongi eyinhloko kanye nabafundi ayenabo. Owokuqala kwakudingeka abhale amavesi ama-3, ezinhlamvu ezingama-5-7-5. Laba babizwa ngokuthi uHokku. Ngemuva kwesibili, bekufanele enze amavesi amabili ka-7-7 njalonjalo wonke amanye, anikeze ifomu eliphelele iHaikai ebibukeka sengathi ibhalwe ngesandla esisodwa kuphela.

Ungayibhala kanjani i-haiku: izakhi

Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda ukwenza i-haikus, okokuqala kufanele wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile (nokuthi yiziphi izici) ze-haikus. Lezi izi:

Imethrikhi

I-haiku yakhiwe ngamavesi amathathu. Owokuqala wamaqoqo ama-5, owesibili ka-7 nowesithathu ka-5. Sekukonke, kufanele kube namaqoqo angama-17. Le yi-haiku yakudala, yize kulezi zinsuku kuvunyelwe ukwehluka kancane phakathi kwamavesi. Manje, inani selisesikhathini se-17.

I-Kigo

I-kigo empeleni ukufakwa, ngaphakathi kwe-haiku, kwenkathi yonyaka. Akusho ukuthi kufanele uyiqambe inyanga ekuyo, noma uma kuyintwasahlobo, ihlobo, ukuwa noma ubusika. Kepha into emele lokhu: iqhwa, umlilo, amaqabunga, izimbali ...

Imvelo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-haikus, futhi zonke ziyizindikimba ezahlukahlukene, kepha ama-Classics asebenzisa imvelo njengento eyisisekelo ekudalweni kwawo. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukubhala eduze ne- "original" ngangokunokwenzeka, cabanga ngemvelo.

Dala umuzwa

I-haiku akuyona inhlanganisela yamagama ahambelana kahle futhi yilokho kuphela. Kufanele bahlanganyele nomfundi futhi babenze bazizwe okuthile lapho befunda. Kungakho kunzima ukubhala ama-haikus amahle impela, ngoba kufanele ukhethe amagama athile futhi ubanikeze umuzwa ukuze abantu bezwe ukuzwa ngabo.

Bhala i-haikus: ungayenza kanjani

Manje njengoba wazi izakhi, sekuyisikhathi sokuzisebenzisa. Okokuqala, ungadikibali uma ezokuqala zingaphumi, noma zimbi, ngoba kufanele uqhubekele phambili ukuze uthuthuke. Noma kunjalo, kunezinto ezithile ongazenza.

Funda i-haikus

Lapho umbhali efuna ukubhala, kufanele aqale abe nesisekelo, futhi lokhu kutholakala ngokufunda amanoveli nemisebenzi ehlobene nothando lwakhe. Okufanayo kuya kuma-haikus. Uma ufuna ukuwabhala, okokuqala kufanele ufunde okuningi ukubona ingqikithi yawo.

Ungesabi ukuthonywa ngumbhali. Kweyokuqala ezokwenzeka, kepha kancane kancane uzobuchaza ubuntu bakho futhi wenze okudaliwe okungokoqobo ngokuphelele.

Bheka

Uzizwa kanjani lapho ubona amanzi emvula ehla? Futhi ubona nini ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga? Kwesinye isikhathi, Izinto zansuku zonke azenzi sizizwe lutho, kepha nokho siyazibona. Ngakho-ke, ukucabanga ngokufuna leyo mizwa esisizayo kusisiza ukwenza i-haikus.

Isibonelo, usuku olunamafu lungasho ukudabuka kwabanye, kepha kwabanye luyinjabulo; ukubanda kungasho ubukhali, kepha futhi ukusondelana nabanye.

Utshela okuthile

Ungazami ukuthola amavesi alinganayo uma engabalwa. Kuyinto embi kunazo zonke ongayenza. Kufanele wakhe indaba encane kakhulu kulawo mavesi amathathu ajabulisayo nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphelele endabeni.

Ukukhethwa kwama-haikus adumile

Ekugcineni, lapha sikushiya izibonelo eziningi ze-haikus ezidumile ukuze uzazijwayele nazo.

Kungani kuzoba njalo

Yini engigugayo lokhu kuwa?

Izinyoni zidlula emafwini.

Ngisho neqhugwane

emhlabeni wokuhamba,

Yindlu kanodoli.

Ukuphela konyaka.

Njalo isigqoko esifanayo

nezimbadada zotshani ezifanayo!

Matsuo Bashō

Emvuleni yasehlobo

Indlela

Wanyamalala

Yosa buson

Ngisika igatsha

futhi yasula kangcono

Ngefasitela.

UMasaoka Shiki

Kushiswe uphahla:

manje

Ngiyayibona inyanga

mizuta masahide

Ngaphandle kwenkungu

Kuhle

I-Mount fuji

Matsuo Bashō

Ngesizathu

ukungabaza kuphela okuzongena

banokhiye.

UMario Benedetti

Uwedwa embhedeni

Ngizwa umiyane

Kuphephezelisa umculo odabukisayo

Izingane ziyeza -

bangikhipha embhedeni

neminyaka iyahamba.

Okomsebenzi wami

Kusinki

Ingoma ye-uguisu

Ngivakashele ithuna lakhe eKiso.

Ukuvula umnyango kuzokhombisa uBuddha

Imbali ihlumela

Bakhomba ngesandla sabo -

Izingane zilingana

inyanga abayithandayo.

IHawaii Chigetsu

Emanzini

wesabe ukucabanga kwakhe

Ukhanyikhanyi.

Ekuseni okukhithika.

Yonke indawo

izinyawo zama-clogs.

Ehlobo.

Ngamafu

kunendlela enqamulelayo eya enyangeni.

Alikho nelilodwa iqabunga

Ngisho nenyanga ayilali

Kule willow

UDen Sute-jo

Amahhashi agijimayo

Banuka amaphasika abo

Amakha ama-violets

Roza

Intambo yenduku yokudoba

Inyanga ehlobo

Isithwathwa

ukucabanga kwami ​​okuphaphathekile

emanzini.

Konke esikuqoqayo

olwandle emanzini amancane-

uhamba

Ayikho ingane yokusondela

Izindonga zamaphepha

Bayabanda

Ethafeni nasezintabeni

Konke kubonakala kunganyakazi

Lokhu ekuseni okukhithika

Uma bevala ekuseni

ama-bluebells aqhakaza.

Kungenxa yenzondo yabantu!

Ngezimvula zasentwasahlobo

Konke

Zihle ngokwengeziwe

Igatsha eliqhakazayo lomuthi weplamu

unika amakha

kulowo osikayo.

Kusuka ku-violet yamafu

Kububende be-irises

Umcabango wami uqondisiwe.

Izinkanyamba. Omlilo!

Ngasemfuleni

ubumnyama buyadlula.

Izikhathi eziningi

Hototogisu, hototogisu!

futhi kuyasa.

Njengoba ngibuke inyanga

Ngishiya le mpilo

Ngesibusiso

Amanzi ayakhazimula

Izicishamlilo ziyaphuma

Akukho okukhona

Chiyo-Ni

Isizungu.

Amafu esiqongweni sentaba

Futhi intethe iyagxuma esigodini.

Huyemaruko Shizuku

Ukusika utshani

Ngaphansi kwezinkanyezi ezibunile

Isikela lami lishaya ithuna

UHiramatsu Yoshiko

Izinkulungwane ezincane zezinhlanzi ezimhlophe

Sengathi iyabila

Umbala wamanzi

UKonishi Raizan

Uyanqikaza, ukuqhuma kwezimbali.

Awufuni ukuhamba

Kusuka enzalweni?

UCarmelo Urso

Inyanga encane,

khumbula lolo thando namhlanje

uyadlula.

UFreddy Ñáñez

Izolo ebusuku ngimbozile
izingane zami ezilele
nomsindo wolwandle.

UWatanabe Hakusen

Amazolo ayabaleka.
Kulomhlaba ongcolile
Angenzi lutho.

UKobayashi issa

Okubi kakhulu kwe-echo
ukuthi kusho okufanayo
ubulwane.

UMario Benedetti

Kude ne-trill.
Inightingale ayazi
lokho kukududuza.

Jorge Luis Borges

Yenziwe ngomoya
phakathi kwamaphayini namatshe
inkondlo iyahluma.

Octavio Paz

Isikhafu
kubukeka njengomuntu
uma lina.

UNatsume Seibi

Ehamba ngendwangu yakhe
lenyanga ecace bha
isicabucabu siphapheme.

UJose Juan Tablada

Umzuzwana omncane
lags phezu izimbali
ukukhanya kwenyanga

Yonke indawo
izimbali ziyashesha
emanzini echibi

Umoya omncane
kuvele kuthuthumele
isithunzi se-wisteria

I-chrysanthemum emhlophe
iso alikwazi ukuthola
ukungcola okuncane

Ukuze iphunga iplamu
kuphuma ilanga
emzileni wezintaba

Intwasahlobo, nguBashö

Imvula izolo ebusuku
imbozwe namhlanje ekuseni
ngodoti.

Io Sogi

Ekwindla kulapha:
imvula ezolile
hlanza amagilebhisi.

UCesar Sanchez

Ngabe unesibindi sokuhlanganyela i-haikus yakho oyithandayo noma oyithandayo?