Homer Bust in the Capitoline Museums. Umdwebo kaHenry James Draper, Ama-Ulysses nezinhlabamkhosi.
Bekuyinyanga edlule ka uJoelio en U-Olimpia (IGrisi). Uthole ifayela le- ipuleti lobumba, yangezikhathi zamaRoma, okulondolozayo Amavesi amasha ayi-13 we I-Odyssey kusuka kuHomer, ikakhulukazi ingxoxo ka-Odysseus (ama-Ulysses enguqulweni yayo yesiLatini) no-Eumeo, inceku yakhe kanye nomalusi wezingulube. Ngesikhathi sokutholwa lokhu, okubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu kunani laso lemivubukulo, umlando kanye nemibhalo, ngibuyekeza okuncane omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezincwadi hhayi kuphela i-classical kepha iyindawo yonke.
Ukutholakala
Ukutholakala kwale ngcwecwe yobumba kwenzeke ngaphakathi kohlaka lwephrojekthi yocwaningo ebizwa Isikhala semikhawulo eminingi ye-Olympia, ezungeze i- indawo engcwele kaZeus. Abaphathi be-Eforato de Antiquities de la Elide basebenze, ngokubambisana kwe-German Archaeological Institute. Endaweni, enezinsalela ezivela ezikhathini zamaRoma, lolu qweqwe lwatholakala lunombhalo oqoshwe ngesiGreki okwathi, emva kokuhlaziywa, igcina amavesi ayi-13 we I-Odyssey likaHomer. Bayithandile ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD
Homer nezinto zakhe
Lokho esikufunde ku-BUP yakudala izinhlamvu ezimsulwa futhi sinezihloko ze IsiLatin nesiGreki simazi kahle uHomer. Sifunde isiGreki sakudala (okungenani okungenani okungenani) naye kanye nesakhe Achilles, Hector, Paris, Helena, Priam, Odysseus, Telemachus, Penelope, Circe noma eCharybdis.
Kwakukhona abanye bethu ababeqhubeka nokufunda isiGreki ngezifundo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe eyunivesithi, ngakho-ke saba abangane kakhulu nawo wonke umuntu. Kepha eumsuka walowo okuthiwa umlobi wakhe, uHomer, uhlala ebumnyameni beqiniso nezinganekwane, njengemisebenzi yakhe, i Iliad futhi i I-Odyssey. Ngiyaqhubeka nokuhlala nabokugcina. Mhlawumbe ngoba ngikuthole kujabulisa kakhulu kunezimpi zeTrojan noma ngoba isikhathi se-danaos et dona ferentes we I-Aeneid UVirgilio, owahumushela olimini lwesiLatini ngasikhathi sinye lapho umholi wama-Greek aorist enqaba, wangiminyanisa okokuqala.
Kepha nginamanga. Abafundi beminyaka yobudala sinendlela yokuqala yalokho I-Odyssey kulokho Ama-Ulysses 31 de amathangi IJapane, ixuba ngokujabulisayo okwedlule kakhulu kwezinganekwane nezincwadi zamaGrikhi nekusasa elikude kakhulu lezikhala zemikhumbi kanye nomhlaba wegalactic.
Kamuva kube nezinye izinhlobo, futhi opopayi, noma mhlawumbe okwaziwa kakhulu yi- le nguqulo, ka-1997, odlala phakathi U-Armand Assante, uGreta Scacchi, u-Isabella Rossellini noJeroen Krabbe, phakathi kwabanye. Futhi abafundi bezizukulwane ezisencane banenkomba esondelene ne Iliad (yize kungenziwa lula) ku Troy, ifilimu yango-2004, eqondiswa ngu UWolfgang Petersen nangobuso be- UBrad Pitt, u-Eric Bana, uSean Bean no-Orlando Bloom phakathi kwabahumushi bayo. Kepha kunezinye eziningi.
I-odyssey
Kukholakala ukuthi yaqanjwa ku- Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX BC C. Ngesakhiwo ku Izingoma ezingama-24, iqala maphakathi nendaba, ilandisa ngezehlakalo ezedlule ngezinkumbulo noma izingxoxo zika-Odysseus uqobo. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu. Kuhlelo I-Telemachia (amaculo kusuka ku-I kuya ku-IV) achaza isimo se-Ithaca ngokungabikho kwenkosi yayo, ukuhlupheka kwe- Telemachus (indodana ka-Odysseus) no UPenelope (unkosikazi wakhe) ngenxa yabakhongi, nokuthi lensizwa iluqala kanjani uhambo lokuyofuna ubaba wayo.
En ukubuya kwe-odysseus (izingoma V kuye kuXII) U-Odysseus ufika enkantolo yenkosi Okune-Alcinous lapho elandisa khona konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe selokhu ashiya uTroy. Ekugcineni, ku Ukuziphindisela kuka-Odysseus (izingoma ezisuka kuXIII kuye kuXXIV), i- buyela e-Ithaca, ukuqashelwa ngezinye zezigqila zakhe nendodana yakhe, nokuthi u-Odysseus uziphindiselela kanjani kubafuneli ngokubabulala bonke. Kamuva u-Odysseus waziwa ngumkakhe futhi waphinde wathola umbuso wakhe. Ekugcineni, ukuthula kusayinwa phakathi kwabo bonke abantu base-Itaca.
Izingcezu
- «Ake ungitshele, oh Muse, ngaleyo ndoda yobungcweti obuningi, owathi ngemuva kokucekela phansi idolobha elingcwele laseTroy, waya kohambo lwezikhathi eside kakhulu, wabona amadolobha futhi wafunda ngamasiko amadoda amaningi futhi wahlupheka kakhulu imisebenzi ekuhambeni kwakhe ngephuzu, ngokushesha nje lapho ezama ukusindisa impilo yakhe nokubuyela kwabangane bakhe ezweni lakubo. Kodwa noma kunjalo wayengeke akwazi ukubakhulula, njengoba ayefisa, futhi bonke babhubha ngenxa yobuwula babo, iziwula! Badla izinkomo zeLanga, indodana kaHyperion; okungavumanga ukuthi usuku lokubuyela lufike. O ndodakazi yesithixokazi sikaZeus, sitshele noma ngabe kuyingxenye yezinto ezinjalo. "
- «Futhi onkulunkulu bakunikeza konke okusenhliziyweni yakho okulangazelelayo: umyeni, umndeni nokuzwana okujabulisayo, ngoba akukho okungcono noma okulusizo ngaphezu kwalolo indoda nenkosikazi babusa indlu yabo ngomoya ofanele, oveza ubuhlungu obukhulu ezitheni zabo nenjabulo kulabo ababathandayo, futhi yibo abakwazisa kakhulu okuhle kwabo. "
- "Zimbalwa izingane ezifana nabazali bazo, iningi liphuma kabi kakhulu, kanti ezinye kuphela ezidlula zona."
- Ukufa kuyinto eza kubo bonke abantu ngokulinganayo. Ngisho nonkulunkulu abakwazi ukuyibalekela kumuntu abamthandayo, uma nje imbubhiso eyonakalisayo yokulinganisa ukufa isifikile kubo. "
- «Onkulunkulu abanikeli ngomusa nganoma iyiphi indlela emadodeni, noma ngesiqu noma ngokukhalipha noma ngokukhuluma kahle, kodwa kukhona uhlobo lomuntu, olungenamakhono amancane ngobuhle ... kepha onkulunkulu babeka ubuhle emazwini abo, futhi babheka kuye egcwele injabulo, futhi ukhuluma nabo ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthola isizotha, futhi uyakhanya phakathi kwalabo ababuthene, futhi abantu bambona njengonkulunkulu lapho ehamba edolobheni. "
- «Uzoba owokuqala ukuya kwizinhlabamkhosi, ezithakathisa sonke isintu kanye nanoma ngubani owela indlela yazo, nokuthi lowo muntu osondela ngaphandle kokungabaza futhi ezwe ingoma yezinhlabamkhosi akanalo ithuba lokubuyela ekhaya ajabulele unkosikazi nezingane ezimlindile, ngoba izinhlabamkhosi ezinomculo wengoma yazo zimthakathile. "
Umthombo: National Geographic.