I-Fahrenheit 451.
"Ngoba ukufunda kuvimbela ukungajabuli ngokungakhathali futhi ezweni laseMontag kufanele ujabule ngokuphoqeleka ..." lowo mugqa esembozweni esingemuva se Fahrenheit 451 Ifaka kahle kahle i-dystopia enobuciko eyenziwe nguRay Bradbury. Yindaba egcwele izigcawu ezesabekayo, ezimele shazi ngekusasa le-apocalyptic elingeyona into eqanjiwe nsuku zonke. Kusho-ke, isexwayiso esicacile mayelana nokwandiswa kwe- "okuqukethwe kwama-idiots".
Umbhali uchaza isizwe lapho injabulo ingeyona isimo somqondo, kunalokho yisinqumo esifakwe ezingqondweni ifinyela ngethelevishini, ikakhulukazi. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuqonda, ukunikeza imibono nokwakha izindlela zakho kungukuziphatha okungamukeleki okumele kususwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kwalemikhuba eyingozi. Ungomunye wemisebenzi emihle kakhulu kaRay Bradbury oyiswe ebhayisikobho.
Sobre el autor
Ray Bradbury Wazalelwa eWaukegan, e-Illinois, e-United States, ngo-Agasti 22, 1920. Ngesikhathi esakhula nasebusheni wayejwayele ukuba namaphupho amabi, kodwa-ke, wasebenzisa eziningi zalezo zithombe ezihlukumezayo emisebenzini yakhe yakamuva. Ukudangala Okukhulu kwaphoqa umndeni wakhe ukuthi uthuthele eLos Angeles, lapho aphumelela khona esikoleni esiphakeme.
Yize ungaqhubeki nezifundo ezisemthethweni, ngo-1943 wahlonishwa njengombhali osezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yokuphikelela kwakhe kulo mkhakha kanye nekhono lokuzifundisa elimangalisayo. Iminyaka eyishumi yama-50s izoba yisikhathi sokuzinikezela ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwe- IziKronike zikaMartian (1950), Indoda ekhonjisiwe (1951) futhi Fahrenheit 451 (1953), izihloko ezadunyiswa ukugxekwa kwemibhalo.
UBradbury uphinde wangena ezweni lezinkondlo, kanye nokubhala ama-eseyi nemibhalo yethelevishini. Izingqikithi ezivame kakhulu zomsebenzi wakhe zivele zaba nombono omkhulu, cishe njalo ezihlobene nemibuzo ephathelene namasiko amazwe athuthukile, ubushiqela, ukucwaninga, izimpi ze-athomu, ubuFascism nokuncika kwezobuchwepheshe.
Isitayela sakhe sixube inganekwane ngendlela eyingqayizivele, ukwethuka, izinkondlo nokwesabekayo. Ngokunjalo, isimo sengqondo sokudelela ukucindezelwa yizihloko ezihlala njalo kanye nokwesaba ukufa noma isimo sabo sokungabekezeleli ekubandlululeni nasekucwaseni abantu. URay Bradbury ushone ngoJulayi 5, 1912.
I-Fahrenheit 451 Amazwibela
“Kwakunokuthula okuqoqiwe ngakulo mlilo womlilo futhi ukuthula kwakusobuso bamadoda, futhi isikhathi sasikhona, isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba sihlale ngasendleleni ebunjiweyo ngaphansi kwezihlahla, nomhlaba bese uwuphendula ngamehlo akho, sengathi ucezu lwensimbi abekade belololwa yilawo madoda lwalugcinwe maphakathi nomlilo. Kwakungewona nje umlilo owawuhlukile. Kwakunjalo-ke nokuthula. UMontag ungene kulokho kuthula okukhethekile, okuhlobene nakho konke emhlabeni. "
Abenzi Bomlilo noGuy Montag
"Bekumnandi ukusha." Fahrenheit 451 kubhekiswa emazingeni okushisa lapho kusha khona iphepha nemibhalo. UGuy Montag, i-protagonist, naye unenombolo engu-451 egxotshiwe kwisigqoko sokuzivikela somlilo. Yize umsebenzi wabo ungewona owokucisha imililo, kunalokho, wukubenza ukuze bacekele phansi izincwadi.
IBradbury yethula ukuqagela kweMelika yesikhathi esizayo, lapho izicishamlilo zingathwali izicimi-mlilo, zithwala amalangabi omlilo. Umcabango owodwa uyiqiniso (wamukelwa iningi labantu) obalulekile ekuthuleni kwesizwe. UMontag wenelisekile ngalokhu, kangangoba uyaziqhenya ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Amandla Ezincwadi noClarisse McClellan
"Uyazi ukuthi kungani izincwadi ezifana nalezi zibaluleke kangaka? Ngoba banekhwalithi. Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ikhwalithi? Kimi, kusho ukuthungwa. Le ncwadi inezimbotshana, inezici. Le ncwadi ingafakwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ilensi wayezothola impilo, iminonjana yesikhathi esedlule ngobuningi obungenamkhawulo. Lapho ama-pores amaningi, imininingwane yokuphila erekhodwe ngokweqiniso ongayithola ephepheni ngalinye, kubukeka sengathi "kubhaliwe" ngokwengeziwe. Kunoma ikuphi, leyo incazelo yami. Idalula imininingwane. Imininingwane yakamuva. Ababazi bemifanekiso emihle bathinta impilo kaningi. I-mediocre ivele igijimise isandla phezu kwayo. Abantu ababi bayadlwengula bamshiye engenamsebenzi.
Uyabona manje, ukuthi kungani izincwadi zizondwa futhi zesatshwa? Zikhombisa izimbotshana zobuso bempilo. Abantu abanethezekile bafuna kuphela ubuso benyanga egcwele, abukho izimbotshana, azikho izinwele, abakhulumi ”.
URay Bradbury.
Uyingxenye yesikwati - isitayela seCuban G2 - sokuqothula izincwadi, njengoba zithathwa njengomthombo wesiphithiphithi nokudideka.. Kuze kube yilapho kuvela uClarisse McClellan, onothando oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala othanda imvelo futhi enganelisekile ngesimo semvelo yakhe. Uhlwanyela "igciwane lokungabaza" ebuchosheni bukaGuy, obukhula bukhuthazwa uchungechunge lwezehlakalo eziphazamisayo.
Ukuzibulala okungalindelekile, ukufa okubili okushaqisayo noshintsho olungalindelekile
Okokuqala, uMildred, umkakhe uzama ukuzibulala ngokuphuza amaphilisi amaningi okulala. Kamuva, uthola ngowesifazane osekhulile owayefihle izincwadi futhi ethanda ukushiswa kanye nezincwadi zakhe. Ekugcineni, ingozi yemoto eyabulala uClarisse ingena eMontag ekucindezelekeni okukhulu ... ngemuva kwakho konke ukushona kwabantu, izincwadi ezebiwe nezifihliwe ziba induduzo yakhe kuphela.
Ukuvuka
Lapho uGuy eqala ukufunda ngasese, ngeke esacabanga ngendlela efanayo futhi. Imibuzo mayelana nezakhiwo zomphakathi okuthiwa ujabulile ngaphansi kombuso we-New Order iba yande kakhulu. Ukuhlanjwa kwengqondo (okungaphansi futhi okuphikelelayo kuthelevishini) akusasebenzi ngokuphelele.
Beatty
Lapho iMontag ingekho emsebenzini, UBeatty, umqondisi woMnyango Wezomlilo, uyamvakashela ekhaya lakhe futhi umabela amahora angama-24 ukuba ahlole izincwadi ezebiwe ukuze uthole ukuthi ngabe kukhona okuqukethwe abanentshisekelo kukho. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, uGuy kumele ahambise izincwadi futhi azishise. Ukufunda kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke uMontag ucela usizo lomlingani wakhe uFaber.
Ukujija okungalindelekile
Eqinisweni, uBeatty uyazidelela izincwadi. Ukholelwa ukuthi le mibhalo iyingozi futhi iyabheda, ikufanele ukubhujiswa. Khonamanjalo, kunesixwayiso esivela endlini kaMontag, uMildred ubaleka ngetekisi ... umkakhe usemkhaphele. Ngemuva kwalokho, umphathi wezicishamlilo ubonakala endaweni yesehlakalo futhi ufuna uGuy ashise indlu yakhe nezincwadi.
UMontag uboshwe endaweni yesigameko ngesikhathi ethola ukuthethiswa okubuhlungu nguBeatty, kuze kufike lapho uGuy ejika khona umlilo wakhe, abeke umlilo wakhe phezulu, bese eshaya ozakwabo ngaphambi kokubaleka. Ushushiso luba umcimbi wethelevishini. Kodwa-ke, iMontag iyakwazi ukubalekela ama-sniffer ngokunikela ngezingubo zikaFaber nangokunyonyobela umfula.
UMontag, umbaleki kanye nabahlubuki
IMontag ebalekayo iza emzileni wesitimela esilahliwe. Lapho uthola "abantu bencwadi", iqembu lezifundiswa ezihlubukayo eliholwa nguGranger. Bayihlobo lomvikeli wabashokobezi bezincwadi ezinikezelwe kwimishini yokubamba ngekhanda imisebenzi emikhulu yesintu.
Ukuzenza ongeyena ngokuthula
I-New Order kufanele ihambisane nokubukeka. Esikhundleni sikaMontag ongasekho, umbukiso wamaphoyisa kuthelevishini ukuthunjwa komuntu ompofu owayekade ebhukhwe uhlelo. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMontag uqeda ukuqonda impi esezithunzini ezavela phakathi kwamandla asunguliwe kanye nabavikeli benkululeko yolwazi.
Ukuhlaselwa kwamavukelambuso
Lapho esehlanganisiwe eqenjini, uGuy uyathunywa ukuba abambe ngekhanda iNcwadi YomShumayeli. Ezimweni ezingalindelekile, i-New Order ithathe isinqumo sokuqhumisa idolobha ngenhloso yokucekela phansi amavukelambuso kungakhathalekile izinkulungwane zabantu abafile abangenacala. Ekugcineni, uMontag kanye namaqabane akhe bafuna abasindile phakathi kwamanxiwa ukuze baqale ukwakha kabusha impucuko.
Ubuningi bomsebenzi
Imibhalo ingamandla, futhi othumelayo kufanele ayicekele phansi uma efisa ukuphatha
Fahrenheit 451 ibuyela emuva, ngamabomu, ezikhathini zobumnyama ezatholwa eGrisi ngemuva kokuhlasela kwamaDorian kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwazo zonke izinto ezibhaliwe kanye nokufa kwababhali bazo ngekhulu le-XNUMX uku. C.; ngendlela efanayo kwenza umfundi abuyele ezinsukwini zokushiswa komtapo wolwazi wase-Alexandria ukuze anikeze indlela ngekhulu lokuqala BC. C., noma kuleli khulu lamanje ngokuqothulwa nokubhujiswa kwezinto ezibalulekile zemivubukulo e-Iraq ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kuka-2003.
Le ncwadi isiholela kuzo zonke izinhlekelele ezingaba khona ezifaka ukuphela kwezobuciko ngokuncipha kokwehla kokucabanga okunzulu. Ubugqila abufuni okungaphezu kwalokho: ukuthulisa izinhliziyo ngamandla.
Umthelela we-TV ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba
Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamazwe athuthukile kwaletha ukwanda kokuzijabulisa kwethelevishini. Kepha bambalwa abantu abathathe ngokungathi sína izixwayiso zongqondongqondo abaningi mayelana nokwehla kwemikhuba yokufunda kulimale ithelevishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mshini wasuka ekubeni ithuluzi elinamandla lokusabalalisa ezombusazwe.
Ngenkathi amazinga okufunda nokubhala evame ukuba phezulu kakhulu emhlabeni wokuqala nasemazweni asathuthuka, Ukuphazanyiswa kwe- "the silly box" njengento ebalulekile yasekhaya bekudala ukuvela okuqhubekayo "kokungafundi okusebenzayo". Lokho kusho ukuthi, isuke ekubeni nabantu abacabangayo iye ekubeni nabantu abangaqondi kahle ukufunda, abangakwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwemvelo yabo, okulula ukuyilawula nokuyilawula.
Ukucaphuna kukaRay Bradbury.
Isinkwa Namasekisi
Amasu "esinkwa namasekisi" angahle abonakale njengoMbuso WaseRoma, kepha awakaze anyamalale eMhlabeni. Phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-XNUMX, abaholi bezepolitiki emhlabeni jikelele basebenzise ithelevishini ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane ukufihla umbono wabantu, bathande umyalezo osemthethweni futhi baziqhubekele namandla. Ukungazi okwenziwe kanye ne-coniveist naivety kungukujwayelekile kosuku.
Ukuboniswa okuphelele ku Fahrenheit 451 ineqiniso laphakade: ulwazi lungamandla. Uma ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kwale ncwadi, esinye sezici ezikhuthazayo kwaba ukuvela kwethelevishini njengesisetshenziswa esisemqoka somuzi, ungaba yini umbono wombhali esimweni sanamuhla esenziwe ngekhompyutha esigcwele okubonakalayo kubonisa, izindaba ezikhohlisayo, amavidiyo ayiziphukuphuku ahamba egazini nemininingwane engeyona ezinkundleni zokuxhumana?