Zeziphi iimfuneko zokuphumelela iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi?

Ngomhla we-6 ku-Okthobha - uLwesine wokuqala wenyanga yeshumi, njengesiqhelo - i-Academy yaseSweden iya kubhengeza ophumelele ibhaso leNobel kuNcwadi 2022. Kwiintsuku ezingaphambili, amagama abarhanelwa abaqhelekileyo ukuba baphumelele ibhaso aqala ukuvakala, njengoko nyaka ngamnye, kwii-tabloids kwihlabathi jikelele. ESpeyin, uJavier Marías (RIP) ebelinde kangangeminyaka—yaye akuthintelwa ukuba uya kuba liwonga lesibini leBhaso likaNobel loBhaso loNcwadi emva kokuba efile—; eKhanada, uMargaret Atwood noAnne Carson; eJapan, uHaruki Murakami… kwaye uluhlu luyaqhubeka.

Inyani yeyokuba, ukushiya ecaleni kolwandle lwabaphumeleleyo, kukho umbuzo abazibuza wona abalandeli abaninzi be-Academy yaseSweden: "Ziziphi iimfuneko zokuphumelela iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi?". Ngezantsi, ezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo oko kuya kucacisa le mfihlelo yaye iya kukhuthaza abaninzi ukuba baqhubeke bezibhokoxa kumsebenzi wabo woncwadi.

Okokuqala: tyunjwa

Ngonyaka, isiseko sinoxanduva lokwenza isicelo esisemthethweni sabaviwa. Emva koko, amaziko emfundo, imibutho kunye nababhali ababalaseleyo belizwe ngalinye bajongene nokuthumela izicelo zabo.

Ngokuphathelele oku, uEllen Mattson, ilungu leKomiti yeNobel ebalaseleyo, wathi: “Sinabantu kwihlabathi liphela abanelungelo lokutyumba: izifundiswa, abagxeki, izithethi zemibutho yoncwadi, amanye amaziko emfundo. Kwabanye abawongwa ngaphambili kwaye, ewe, amalungu eSweden Academy. ”

Iimfuno eziyimfuneko?

Ikakhulu: ukuba ngumnini wekhonsonanti, umkhondo othe rhoqo kunye noko, ngokutsho komseki webhaso, uAlfred Nobel, umsebenzi unike "inzuzo enkulu kuluntu".

Kungacingelwa emva kokufunda eso sivakalisi ukuba umbhali kufuneka ukuba ukhuthaze iinqobo ezisemgangathweni, imigaqo, utshintsho olunamandla, okanye, njengakwimeko ye U-Abdulrazak Gurnah —ophumelele iBhaso leNobel loNcwadi lowama-2021—ebelilizwi labo babengakwazi ukuthetha. Oku kungasentla kufuneka kudume kakubi, kungoko kubalulekile ukuba kubekho indlela yoncwadi ebonakalayo necacileyo.

Dlulisa ukucocwa kokuqala kumawaka eziphakamiso: yiba ne "intlantsi yobuthixo"

Emva kwesicelo sezicelo zebhunga lolawulo, amagama abenzi-sicelo afunyanwa de kube ngumhla woku-1 kuFebruwari. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amawaka eziphakamiso afika. Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva koko, IAkhademi ijongene nokwenza ucoceko olupheleleyo ukuya kuma-20 abaviwa.

Nangona kunokuthiwa bafunda umsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wombhali ngamnye ukwazi ukuba ngubani ofanelekileyo ukuba ngaphakathi kweli qela likhethiweyo, Inyaniso yeyokuba akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yeyiphi ikhrayitheriya esetyenziswayo ukumisela ukuba ngubani ogqithisa esi sihluzo sibalulekileyo..

Ngoku, into esiyaziyo, kwaye ulwazi lwamva nje luvela kuMatson ngokwakhe, yiloo nto ukukhangela "intlantsi yobuthixo"... "uhlobo oluthile lwamandla, uphuhliso oluhlala luhleli kwiincwadi."

Ukuba umsebenzi uvelele phakathi kwe-5 yokugqibela

Inyanga kaTshazimpuzi nekaCanzibe igqithisa ngenye indlela ethatha inani labafundi lisuka ku-20 liye kutsho kwisi-5. Ukususela ngoko, emva kokucoca, imisebenzi yabakhethiweyo ifundwa nzulu, kwaye ngo-Oktobha-ngevoti yeKomiti yeNobel- kugqitywa ukuba ngubani oza kuhla kwimbali yeeleta zoluntu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umbhali ofumana ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seevoti uphumelele. Enye inkalo engaqhelekanga kancinane kukuba akukho mntu unokuphumelela ukuba awuchongwanga kabini ubuncinci ukuze ufumane iwonga. Ngoko ke, akukho mgqatswa mtsha onokuwongwa ngeBhaso likaNobel loNcwadi, nokuba umsebenzi wakhe uthetha ngenye indlela. Ngoku kuyaqondakala ukuba kutheni sithanda ukuva amagama aqhelekileyo phakathi kwabanokuthi baphumelele minyaka le.

Idatha yomdla kunye nezinye ezicacileyo

• Akukho mntu unokuzenzela isicelo;
• Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaBhaso eNobel oLuncwadi ali-114 anikezelwe;
• Kukho abaphumeleleyo be-118 (i-119 ngoLwesine ozayo);
• Ibhaso liphindwe kane;
• Amadoda ali-101 awongwe;
• Ngabasetyhini abali-16 kuphela abaphumelele iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi;
• Kwakukho amaxesha e-7 apho ibhaso lingakhange linikezelwe;
• U-Erik Axel Karlfeldt nguye kuphela umntu ofumene iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi emva kokuba efile.. Kwenzeke kumsitho wamawonga ka-1931.
• Ababhali beelwimi ezahlukeneyo ezingama-25 baye bahlulwa;
• URudyard Kipling ngoyena mntu umncinci ukufumana iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi.. Kwenzekile ngowe-1907. Ngexesha lokuwonga, wayeneminyaka engama-41 ubudala;
• Kwiminyaka eli-100 kamva yayilithuba lomntu omdala owafumana iwonga, wayeneminyaka engama-88 ubudala. Kwenzeka ngo-2007, kwaye nguDoris Lessing;
• Kwizihlandlo ezibini ibhaso liye lakhatywa. Ukuqala kwaba nguBoris Pasternak, ngowe-1958; emva koko uJean-Paul Sartre ngowe-1964.