Ukusuka eGranada ukuya eBaghdad: I-5 Unesco Cities of Literature

Kwi 2004, Uyilo lweSixeko soNcwadi lwasungulwa yi-UNESCO kwisicwangciso sayo seNethiwekhi yeziXeko, ekhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwamashishini amancinci enkcubeko, iminyhadala kunye nokushishina okunxulumene nobugcisa obahlukeneyo, kubandakanya noncwadi. Indlela elungileyo yokukhokelwa xa ukhetha isixeko esithile ngokusekwe kwinkcubeko yayo, ngakumbi iingoma zayo. Ezi Izixeko ezi-5 zoNcwadi ezikhethwe yi-UNESCO banokuba sisiqalo esihle saloo ndlela yexesha elizayo.

Edinburgh (eUK)

Idolophu yaseScotland yayi owokuqala ukuba atyunjwe yi-UNESCO njengoncwadi ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ilifa elityebileyo lenkcubeko elilukwe ngababhali bayo abaninzi, ukusuka Umnumzana Walter Scott ku-JK Rowling, ngo-Robert Louis Stevenson, umboniso wemisebenzi kunye neziganeko ezibandakanya ukhenketho loncwadi, UMnyhadala weNcwadi wase-Edinburgh ibibanjwa rhoqo ngenyanga ka-Agasti okanye izakhiwo ezinje nge-Writers Museum okanye i-The Scottish Poetry Labrary, apho ubusuku bemibongo ziba zezona zicwangciso zingcono.

IMelbourne (Australia)

Isixeko sase-Australia sathiywa ngo-2008 ngenxa yombulelo waso onokubhala, ngokuyinxenye, kwisikhundla sayo njengothungelwano olukhulu lokupapasha kwilizwe liphela. EMelbourne badibana imithendeleko emine yoncwadi: UMnyhadala waBabhali waseMelbourne (obaluleke kakhulu), uMnyhadala weeNgoma eziNgaphezulu, iAlfred Deakin Innovation Lectures kunye noMnyhadala wababhali abasakhasayo. Kananjalo, ukunqunyulwa kweencwadi kunye nokunikezelwa kweencwadi kungaphezulu nje kwabemi bayo, kwiindawo ezifana neZiko loNcwadi loLutsha, abantu abancinci bayakhuthazwa ukuba bafunde kunye nenkcubeko ejikeleze ababhali babo, kubandakanya UPeter ukhathalele, Ingabonakala phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zayo zenkcubeko.

Iowa (United States)

Siye salitsiba ilizwekazi saya eIowa, isixeko esonyulwa njengoncwadi ngo-2008. Iowa ithathwa njengenye yezo oovulindlela ekufundiseni ukubhala ngobuchule, kunye neendibano zocweyo ezininzi ebezisebenza kwiyunivesithi yakhe phantse iminyaka eli-100. Inyaniso, Abaphumelele kwiikholeji ezingama-25 baphumelele ibhaso lePulitzer, kubandakanya uJohn Irving okanye uRobert Hass. Kananjalo, kubanjwa iminyhadala yokubhala engaphezulu kwe-180 ngonyaka, iivenkile ezithengisa iincwadi ezinje ngeePrairies Light Books azibambi ukufundwa kunye nokuphindwaphindwa ngeveki kwaye izindlu zokupapasha ezili-11 zihlanganisene kule paradesi yeeleta.

IGranada (eSpain)

Isixeko saseAndalusiya sachongwa ngo-2014 yi-UNESCO njengesiXeko soncwadi ngenxa yomtsalane wenkcubeko uninzi lwenu oluya kube luyibonile ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye. IGranada ayaneli kusela kuyoIlifa likaLorca, kodwa eminye yemilambo kunye neegadi ezikhuthaze amagcisa eAl-Andalus kunye nabanye kamva njengoWashington Irving okanye uSalman Rushdie. Ukongeza, imibongo ingaphezulu kwesiseko esixekweni: ukusuka kwiindonga zeAlhambra apho iindinyana zeKoran zikhanya ukuya kumbhiyozo wayo UMnyhadala wemibongo, Izizathu ezakhokelela eGranada ukuba ifake isicelo kuyilo lwe Isixeko Sesihobe.

I-Barcelona sisiXeko sesibini soNcwadi kwindawo yaseSpain, ekhethwe ngo-2015.

IBaghdad (i-Iraq)

Nangona imeko kuMbindi Mpuma ingeyiyo ethembisayo, iBaghdad isagcina umtsalane ongaqhelekanga wamandulo, owoMawakawaka kunye neNight One kunye nelizwe lama-Arab elibonileyo kwesona sixeko sineyona dolophu inomdla. Isixeko awazalelwa kuso imbongi ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX  UA Abu Al Tayeb Al Mutanabbi, yeyona ndawo yamkelweyo kwinkcubeko yama-Arabhu, ikwalikomkhulu leNdlu yoBulumko, apho imibhalo ebhaliweyo ebhalwe ngesiSiriya, isiGrike okanye isiFardi idityanisiwe, Indlu yeNkcubeko yaBantwana, into enoxanduva lokuhambisa uncwadi kwizizukulwana ezitsha, kwaye Indlu yemiBongo yaseIraq, apho iingoma zibanjwa khona phantse yonke imihla. Isixeko sachongwa kwi2015.

Apha uyabona uluhlu olupheleleyo Kwizixeko zoNcwadi ze-Unesco.

Ezi IziXeko zeNcwadi ze-UNESCO ezi-5 baba lukhetho olugqibeleleyo xa becwangcisa ukubaleka kwezi ndawo zoncwadi apho kukho indawo yokuphindaphinda, iimyuziyam zoncwadi, iindibano zocweyo, imithendeleko kunye namabhotwe abhalwe iivesi ezindala.