Wislawa Szymborska

Wislawa Szymborska Ungomnye weembongi ezingaziwayo ehlabathini, nangona, ngo-1996, wawongwa ngembasa kaNobel yoNcwadi. Ngelishwa, asinakubuxhasa ubukho bakhe, kuba wasweleka ngo-2012, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka nokunyamezela ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukhe wadibana nawo ngelinye ixesha.

Kodwa, Wayengubani uWislawa Szymborska? Wabhala ntoni? Kutheni udume kangaka kwilizwe lakho nakwamanye amazwe? Kuyo yonke loo nto, kunye nokunye okuninzi, yile nto uza kuyazi namhlanje.

Ngubani uWislawa Szymborska

UWislawa Szymborska ayilogama lakhe ngokwenyani. Igama elipheleleyo le mbongi UMaria Wislawa Anna Szymborska. Wazalelwa kwi-Prowent ngo-1923 (okwangoku yinto esiyaziyo njengeKórnik, ePoland).

Uyise wayengumngcamli ku-Count Wladyslaw Zamoyski, umnini wesixeko saseKórnik, kwaye xa wasweleka emva konyaka, wayethetha ukuba usapho kufuneka luye eTorun, apho wakhula khona uWislawa Szymborska.

Wayenobunzima kakhulu, kangangokuba, xa wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, xa wayefunda esikolweni, waqala ukubhala imibongo. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba wonke umntu kusapho lwakhe babefunda izifundiswa, kwaye babedla ngokufunda nokuphikisana ngeencwadi. Ngaphandle koko, "wayenomvuzo." Kwaye ukuba yonke imibongo kaWislawa Szymborska yadlula ezandleni zikayise, kwaye ukuba wayezithanda, wamnika ingqekembe njengebhaso, anokuthenga ngayo nantoni na ayifunayo.

Ngo-1931 kwafuneka baphinde babuye kwaye, nangona wabhalisa kwisikolo sonqulo eKrakow, akazange azigqibe izifundo zakhe apho. Ngeli xesha enye yezona zinto zibuhlungu ezaphawula ukuba, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kukusweleka kukayise. Usapho aluzange lushukume kwakhona, kodwa bahlala eKrakow apho, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, kunye neMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ngo-1940, bafumana ubunzima baseJamani ePoland.

Ngenxa yale nto, Iipali azikwazanga ukuya kwizikolo zikarhulumente. Kodwa oko akuzange kumise uWislawa Szymborska ogqibe kwelokuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe kwaye wakwenza oko kwisikolo esingaphantsi komhlaba, eWawel Castle. Ke, ngo-1941 wagqiba izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakamileyo.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, waqala ukusebenza koololiwe, ngaloo ndlela ethintela ukuthunyelwa eJamani ukuze asebenze ngenkani. Ngeli xesha wachitha ixesha lakhe lonke esenza imifanekiso yencwadi yesiNgesi kunye nokubhala amabali amafutshane kunye nemibongo.

Ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwanceda uWislawa Szymborska ukuba abhalise kwiYunivesithi yaseJagiellonia eKrakow, apho wakhetha khona uncwadi lwasePoland kodwa ekugqibeleni watshintsha ikhondo lomsebenzi waba loluntu. Ngaphandle koku, akazange akwazi ukugqiba izifundo zakhe, kodwa wayeka ngo-1948.

Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha lifutshane labafundi, wapapasha imibongo ethile kumaphephandaba nakumaphephancwadi.

UWislawa Szymborska kuncwadi

Umbongo wokuqala opapashiweyo u-Wislawa Szymborska wawungo-1945, kwisongezelelo soncwadi kwi-Dziennik Polski yemihla ngemihla. Isihloko sayo, ndifuna igama (Szukam slowa). Kwaye oko kwakungathethi ukuba angqala, kodwa nokuba bavule iingcango zemibongo yakhe kumaphephandaba nakumajelo asekuhlaleni.

Ngomnyaka we-1948, xa wayeka iikholeji ngenxa yokuba engenakho ukuyifumana, waqala ukusebenza njengonobhala wemagazini yezemfundo, ngakumbi kwiphephandaba elalimnike ithuba lakhe lokuqala, Dziennik Polski. Kwaye, kwangaxeshanye ukuba wayengunobhala, wayesebenza njengomzobi kunye nembongi, kuba wayeqhubeka nokupapasha imibongo.

Ngapha koko, ngo-1949, wayesele eneqoqo lakhe lokuqala lemibongo.

Kungekudala emva koko, ngo '52, wakhupha enye ingqokelela yemibongo, uDlatego zyjemy (Yiyo loo nto siphila), uninzi lwabo luzele zizimvo zakhe zopolitiko. Kwaye ke ngelo xesha waba lilungu lePolish Workers 'Party, enoluvo olukhulu kubusoshiyali ukuba akaguquki koko kuqokelela imibongo kuphela, kodwa nakwelilandelayo, ngo-1954, uPytania zadawane sobie (Imibuzo ibuzwa kuye).

Ngoku, nangona wayengusoshiyali, kwiminyaka emithathu kamva wapapasha ingqokelela yemibongo, Walanie do Yet (Biza uYeti) apho wabonisa khona Ukudana okucacileyo kunye nokuqhekeka kuloo ngcinga yobukomanisi, nendlela awayetshintshe ngayo ekucingeni kwakhe, engonelisekanga yindlela olo hlobo lwezopolitiko olusebenza ngayo.

Ukongeza, wabonisa inkxalabo eluntwini, ngakumbi uStalinism, kwanokunikezela umbongo kuStalin apho wamthelekisa nendoda yekhephu ecekisekayo (iYeti). Ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha wabalahla ubukomanisi kunye nobusoshiyali kangangokuba wayikhaba loo misebenzi mibini wayipapashayo kwaye engazange afune ukuva kubo kwakhona.

Zeziphi iincwadi awazibhalayo

Kuya kufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo loo nto UWislawa Szymborska waqala ukubhala eneminyaka eyi-5. Kuthiwa ushiye ngaphezulu kwe-350 imibongo ebhaliweyo. Ezincwadini, wabhala ngaphezulu kwe-15 yemibongo kunye neprose. Kodwa nangona yayizala kakhulu, asinakuthetha ukuba yayidumile kwihlabathi, kwaye ayibanga njalo. Babemazi kancinci kwilizwe lakhe, kodwa hayi ngaphandle kwalo. Njengoko yayisaziwa njalo, yayikho kweminye imisebenzi yakhe: ukugxeka uncwadi kunye neenguqulelo.

Ke nini Ngo-1996 bamnika uNobel Prize for Literature, uWislawa Szymborska wamangaliswa, kokubini kuye nakubo bonke abo babengamazi de kube ngalamzuzu. Ewe, yayingeyiyo kuphela ibhaso awathi wawongwa. Ngaphambili wayesele enabanye, abanjengeMvuzo yoMphathiswa Wezenkcubeko wasePoland, awongwa ngo-1963; Ibhaso likaGoethe, ngo-1991; okanye uMvuzo weHerder kunye nokwamkelwa njengoGqirha oHloniphekileyo weeleta yi-Adam Mickiewicz University yasePoznan, ngo-1995.

U-1996 wawungumnyaka omkhulu kuye, kungekuphela ngenxa yeBhaso likaNobel, kodwa nangenxa yokuba wanikwa iPEN Club Prize yasePoland.

Kwiminyaka kamva, ngo-2011, wafumana elinye lamabhaso akhe amva, iOrla Bialego Order (iMbasa yeWhite Eagle), elona wonga liphezulu lafunyanwa ePoland.

ESpain unokufumana inxenye yenguqulelo yakhe, Ezinye zeencwadi zezi:

• Imbonakalo yomhlaba nembewu yesanti.
• Amanqaku amabini.
• Inani elikhulu.
• Uthando olonwabisayo kunye neminye imibongo.
• Iposi yoncwadi.
• Imibongo ekhethiweyo.

Okokugqibela, sikushiya ne Omnye wemibongo kaWislawa Szymborska.

IZIBHANGELELO NGAMAZWI

NOMNTU owaziyo ukuba uphi

yenceba (fantasy yomphefumlo),

"Makalumkise!" , Makalumkise!

Mandiyicule ngokuvakalayo

kwaye ndidanise ngokungathi ndilahlekelwe yingqondo

ndonwabile phantsi komngcunube ongenamandla

Ngonaphakade kumqolo wokwehla iinyembezi.

Ndifundisa ukuthula

ngazo zonke iilwimi

ngendlela yokucinga

isibhakabhaka esineenkwenkwezi,

imihlathi ye-sinantropus,

iplankton,

iqhwa.

NDIBUYISELA uthando.

Ingqalelo! Ukuxoxisana!

Engceni yezolo,

xa, uhlanjwe ngelanga ukuya entanyeni,

Ulala xa umoya udanisa

(inkosi yomdaniso weenwele zakho).

Inikeza "Iphupha".

Umntu uyafuna

ukulila

kubantu abadala abakumakhaya abantu abalupheleyo

afe. Zikhonzeni

yiza ngaphandle kwezalathiso

akukho zicelo zibhaliweyo.

Amaphepha aya kutshatyalaliswa

ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuba uyifumene.

NGOKUTHEMBISA KWAMADODA WAM

-Ukukhohlisile ngemibala

zehlabathi elinabantu abaninzi, nengxolo yalo,

ngokudibanisa nefestile, kunye nenja

emva kodonga-

ukuba awusoze ube wedwa

ebumnyameni, ethe cwaka kwaye ephefumla.

Andikwazi ukuphendula.

Ubusuku, umhlolokazi woMhla.

Isiko. Elzbieta Bortkiewicz