UPlatero kunye nam.
UPlatero kunye nam Esinye seziqwenga zomculo ezibhalwe ngeSpanish. Umsebenzi kaJosé Ramón JiménezKukho izahluko ezili-138, ezimxholo wazo ujikeleze ubume bentsizana yaseAndalusi kwinkampani yeesile elinobuhlobo neliciko. Iindinyana zakhe zichaza iimvakalelo, imihlaba, amava kunye nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kuluntu lwaseSpain lwasemaphandleni ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Nangona abaninzi beyithatha njengengxelo yobomi bakhe - ewe, eweIsicatshulwa siqulathe amava akhe—, uJiménez wacacisa amatyeli aliqela ukuba ayisiyiyo "idrafti" idayari yakhe. Kodwa imvakalelo ebonakalayo kunye neqinisekisiweyo ngumbhali luthando olubonakaliswe kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa.
Umbhali
UJuan Ramón Jiménez ngomnye wababhali abadumileyo baseIberia kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Wazalelwa eMoguer, kwiphondo laseHuelva, eSpain, ngoDisemba 23, 1881. Apho wafunda khona imfundo esisiseko kunye neyesekondari. Emva koko wafudukela ePuerto de Santa María, eCádiz, apho wafumana isidanga seBachelor of Arts kwisikolo saseSan Luis Gonzaga.
Ulutsha kunye nokupapashwa kwangoko
Ngokumiselwa ngabazali, wafunda umthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseSeville, kodwa wayeka ngaphambi kokugqiba isidanga sakhe. Kwikomkhulu laseAndalusia, Ngexesha leminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, wayekholelwa ukuba ufumene ubizo lobugcisa bokupeyinta. Ngelixa yayingumsebenzi onomdla, kungekudala waqonda ukuba amandla akhe okwenyani alele kumagama.
Ke ngoko Wakhawuleza walungisa iinzame zakhe kwaye waqala ukuhlakulela imibongo kumaphephandaba ahlukeneyo eSeville naseHuelva.. Ngokungena kwee-1900s, wafudukela eMadrid, isixeko awakwaziyo ukupapasha kuso iincwadi zakhe zokuqala ezimbini: Nymphaeas y Imiphefumlo yeVolet.
Uxinzelelo
Ukurhwaphiliza kwakhe kwizazinge zemibhalo zaseSpain kwaphawula ukuqala kobomi obukrelekrele, wathweswa ibhaso lokufumana amabhaso kaNobel kuNcwadi ngo-1956. Amanyathelo akhe okuqala ozuko aphawulwa ngumzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa nokudakumba. Esi sigulo samkhapha yonke imihla yakhe ... kwaye ekugqibeleni samkhokelela engcwabeni ngo-1958.
Ukusweleka kukatata wakhe ngo-1901 kwabangela idabi lokuqala lokulwa le nkxwaleko yoyikekayo. Wafakwa kwizibhedlele zethutyana okwethutyana eBordeaux naseMadrid. Ukufa komfazi wakhe ngo-1956 yaba sisibetho sokugqibela. Ukusweleka kweqabane lakhe kwenzeka kwiintsuku nje ezintathu emva kokupapashwa kweendaba zokwamkelwa komsebenzi wakhe yiSweden Academy.
Malunga noku, uJavier Andrés García uxela oku kulandelayo kwithisisi yakhe yobugqirha kwi-UMU (2017, Spain):
Ukusuka kuhlalutyo olwenziwe safikelela kwezi zigqibo zilandelayo. Okokuqala, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uchonge amanqaku afanayo enkqubo eyimfihlakalo kwinqanaba lamabakala amathathu omsebenzi wombongo kaJuanramon. Oku kufumanisa kuya kuba neempembelelo ezininzi ze-hermeneutical, kuba ityhila ubukho besiseko esinzulu esidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kwimveliso yakhe yemibongo. Okwesibini, ukuba uJuan Ramón Jiménez wabandezeleka kubomi bakhe bonke beempawu ezihambelana nengxaki yokudakumba enesifo sokudandatheka, esinokulandelwa kokubini kwibali lakhe lobomi kunye neleculo ».
Imfazwe yamakhaya
UJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Njengabantu abaninzi bexesha lakhe, uJiménez wayengumkhuseli oqinileyo weRiphabhlikhi. Ngenxa yoko, ngoloyiso lwemikhosi evukelayo eyakhokelela kuFrancisco Franco emandleni Ngo-1936, kwafuneka abalekele elubhacweni ukuze asindise ubomi bakhe. Akazange abuyele eSpain; Wahlala eWashington, Havana, eMiami naseRiverdale, de ekugqibeleni wazinza eSan Juan, ePuerto Rico.
UPlatero kunye namUtshintsho lwegcisa elikhulu
Ngaphandle kokuba sisiqwengana soncwadi lweCastilian, UPlatero kunye nam imele ngaphambi nasemva kwimibongo kaJiménez. Ewe, wafuduka kwisitayile esiqhelekileyo sanamhlanje - apho iifom zixhomekeke kwiimvakalelo- ukuya ekubhaleni enomxholo wabo ubalaselisa amava okwenyani kunye neemvakalelo.
Umbhali ngokwakhe, kwelinye lamaphepha okugqibela, uxela olu tshintsho elubala. Sebenzisa isikweko koku, Esinye sezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kuwo wonke umsebenzi: "Olunjani uvuyo ekufanele ukuba lukhona ukubhabha ngolu hlobo!" (njengebhabhathane). "Kuya kuba njengam, imbongi yokwenyani, uyolo lwendinyana" (...) "Jongani kuye, hayi indlela ekuyolo ngayo ukubhabha ngolu hlobo, nyulu kwaye ngaphandle kwenkunkuma!".
Isichazi ngokupheleleyo
Kunye nezikweko, enye ye "ndlela" ezisetyenziswe yimbongi ukubumba imigca yayo nokubamba uluntu, yayizizichazi ze-ironclad. Oku kunike useto lweenkcukacha zakhe zomzuzu. Ke ngoko, Nokuba abafundi abangakhathaliyo banenkathazo encinci yokuzibona kanye embindini weendawo zasemaphandleni ze-1900 Andalusia..
Caphulelwa nguJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Ukuxinana okuchazayo kubonakala kweli candelo lilandelayo lemigca yokuqala: “IPlatero incinci, inoboya, ithambile; ithambile ngaphandle, kangangokuba umntu angathi yenziwe ngomqhaphu, ukuze angabinamathambo. Kuphela zizipili zejethi zamehlo akhe ezilukhuni njengooqongqothwane abamnyama beiglasi ”(…)“ Uthambile kwaye uthandekile njengenkwenkwe, njengentombazana…, kodwa womile kwaye womelele ngaphakathi njengelitye ”.
Ibali labantwana (ingelilo ibali labantwana)
Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
Oko yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1914, UPlatero kunye nam yathathwa luluntu njengebali labantwana. Nangona kunjalo, uJiménez ngokwakhe ngokukhawuleza weza nale ngxelo. Ngokukodwa, Imbongi ka-Andalusi yacacisa kwintshayelelo yoshicilelo lwesibini. Kule meko, uyacacisa:
Kuhlala kukholelwa ukuba ndibhalele uPlatero nam ndenzela abantwana, eyincwadi yabantwana. Hayi (…) Le ncwadi imfutshane, apho uvuyo nosizi ngamawele, njengeendlebe zikaPlatero, yabhalelwa… ndiyazi ukuba ngubani! (…) Ngoku ukuba uya ebantwaneni, andibeki okanye ndithathe ikoma kuye. (…) Andizange ndibhalele kwaye andizukubhalela nantoni na yabantwana, kuba ndiyakholelwa ukuba abantwana bangazifunda iincwadi ezifundwa ngamadoda, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto esizicingayo sonke. Kuyakubakho ukungafani kwamadoda nabafazi, njalo njalo.
Yobomi nokufa
Ubomi obupheleleyo, obumnandi nobukhanyayo, obufakwe ngumbhali ngemibala kunye nobushushu behlobo ukumisela ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe. Emva koko, ukukhula kwesicatshulwa akuhambisi ukulandelelana kweziganeko, nangona kucacile ukuba ixesha liya phambili njengenxalenye yomjikelo ongenasiphelo. Isiphelo solu hambo - ukuvalwa kwalo, ukutshona kwelanga- limelwe kukwindla nasebusika.
Kodwa ubomi abupheli nokufa. Isiphelo-esithi umbalisi asiqinisekise ukuba asizukwenzeka ngoPlatero-siza kunye nokulibala. Logama iinkumbulo zisaphila, intyatyambo entsha izakuvela kwakhona kwaye ihlume emhlabeni. Kwaye ngayo, intwasahlobo iya kubuya.