Caphula umbhali u-Almudena Grandes.
UAlmudena Grandes (1960 - 2021) wayengomnye wabasetyhini ababalaseleyo kuncwadi lweSpanish kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo. Uninzi lolo dumo lwahamba nomba othile ongephi kwilizwe lakhe: inkumbulo yembali. Ngaloo ndlela, Ukwanga ngesonka (2015), inoveli enokusetwa kwayo kuthembekile kwixesha elibi lasemva kwemfazwe, ayinjalo.
Le meko ibandakanya imiba efana nendlala yabantwana, inkqubo yezempilo yoluntu ebuthathaka, ubuqhophololo obusebhankini kunye nokuxhasa ngemali. Kuyo, Umbhali kunye nentatheli yaseMadrid benze iseti yabalinganiswa abazimiseleyo -abasetyhini, ikakhulu- Uninzi lwabo luphakathi kunye neeklasi ezidumileyo.. Oko kukuthi, uninzi lwabemi abaye babandezeleka kakhulu kwiingxaki zobuzwilakhe.
Isishwankathelo seThe Kisses kwisonka
Entrada
UAlmudena Grandes wamkela abafundi bakhe ngentshayelelo emfutshane enikelwe kwinkcazo eneenkcukacha yesixeko apho iziganeko zenzeka khona. Yindawo ehlala abantu abakhulileyo abazalelwa apho baza bahlala khona ubomi babo bonke. Aba badala babone imfazwe yamakhaya ephalaza igazi kunye nokufudukela kwikomkhulu labantu basekhaya bebaleka usizi olungaphakathi.
Ngombalisi womntu wokuqala, umbhali uchaza ubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu baseMadrid, imisebenzi yabo, iminqweno yabo kunye nobomi bosapho lwabo. Ngaxeshanye, ubunzulu abalinganiswa ivumela ukuvelisa uvelwano kumfundi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweeprofayili zabantu kakhulu. Ukuthetha inyaniso, babengabantu abanoloyiko, uvuyo, ithemba kunye nokuphoxeka phakathi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu.
Ixhala elisisigxina
Kwizahluko zokuqala, iintsapho zibonakala zinyanzelekile ukuba zishiye amakhaya abo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala abo okubambisa. Ngokulinganayo, abantu abaninzi baye baphelelwa ngumsebenzi kwaye, abo babaleka ngethamsanqa, basinde ngokulambisa kwinkxaso-mali karhulumente.. Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, inani elikhulu lamashishini okuvelisa atshona ngenxa yoqoqosho lokuwa simahla.
Nakuba kunjalo, kwakukho abemi ababemadolw’ anzima ukuyamkela imeko yabo, ababebambelele kubomi obunempumelelo bexesha elidluleyo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba inyaniso yabo entsha ingabi nakutya. Emva koko, Ukwahlukana kwaba bantu kwakungekho kwinqanaba lomntu kuphela, kwinqwelomoya edibeneyo kananjalo bazikhwebula kubahlobo babo. Ngaloo maxesha esidingo esigqithisileyo, ithuku lokusinda liye laphumelela phezu kwayo nayiphi na inzala edibeneyo.
Abalinganiswa abaphambili
Abalinganiswa abaphambili bencwadi baqonda ukuba ibonanza ebilindelwe yeentsuku ezidlulileyo ayizukubuya. Ngenxa yoko, ukulungisa imeko yangoku kwakungundoqo ekoyiseni ubunzima nokuvulela ithuba ithemba. Ngaloo ndlela, umoya wokuzingisa, isidima nowokugcina ingqibelelo wavela kwabo bagqiba kwelokuba bayishiye indima yamaxhoba acinezelweyo baze bahluthe ikamva labo.
Ekugqibeleni, amalungu e-soap opera awela iindlela, mhlawumbi ngenxa yamaqhina osapho, ubuhlobo, umsebenzi, okanye ngenxa yokuba behlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uninzi lwabo lwalujongene nobomi bemihla ngemihla obunzima -ukunqwenela kwiimeko ezininzi- kunye nosizi, kuhlobo lwamaphupha amabi ngonaphakade akukho ndlela yokuphuma
Ingxaki yemali ayizange isindise mntu
Ukuhla komvuzo kuchaphazele nabasebenzi abanoqeqesho lobuchwephesha (oogqirha, amagqwetha, ababhali-mali...), ubucukubhede buxhaphakile kulo lonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweentsapho. Ngendlela enye, iiholide zaphulukana nomtsalane wazo kwaye inkqubo yesiqhelo yaba yindlela esebenzayo yokuqhubeka… iinyanga ezimbalwa. Kungekudala uloyiko lwalukho ngendlela yeenkampani ezivaliweyo kunye nokudilizwa kwabantu abaninzi.
Amashishini angakhange avale kwanyanzeleka ukuba anciphise inani labasebenzi ukuze aqhubeke esebenza. Isiphumo esingenakuthintelwa yayikukunyuka kwabantu abagxothiweyo kunye nabayeka isikolo (abantwana abaninzi nabafikisayo baqala ukusebenza). Ngokufanayo, ngokuthe ngcembe abantwana abangakumbi abakubudala besikolo ababesiya eziklasini bengatyi bajongwa.
Emva
Icandelo lokugqibela le Ukwanga ngesonka uzinikele ekuhlonipheni ubugorha babo bathe bakwazi ukujongana nomngeni ngamnye ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo. Kudlula unyaka phakathi kwesiqalo nesiphelo sencwadi.. Kwelinye icala, abasebenzi ababephila ngokungaqiniseki, bengenazinzo emsebenzini, babuya ekhefini.
Abanye babengenamsebenzi kwaza kwafuneka balinde emigceni emide ukuze bafumane isikhundla okanye uncedo lukarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho ezimbalwa ezo —ngokuchaseneyo nabo baswele ukholo kunye/okanye abazingisayo— baye bafumana uxolo lwengqondo, kwaye uphucule nemeko yakho. Nali isicatshulwa esisuka ekupheleni kwenoveli:
"Apha sithi ndlela-ntle kuwe, kule ndawo yaseMadrid eyakho, eyahlukileyo kodwa efana nezinye iindawo zokuhlala kule ndawo okanye nayiphi na enye idolophu yaseSpain, enezitrato zayo ezibanzi kunye nezitrato zayo ezinqabileyo, izindlu zayo ezintle kunye nezindlu zayo ezimbi, izikwere zayo, imithi yayo, iindledlana zayo, amaqhawe ayo, iingcwele zayo, kwaneengxaki zayo.”
Ukwanga ngesonka.
Malunga nombhali, Almudena Grandes
UAlmudena Grandes
Wazalwa ngoMeyi 7, 1960, uMaría Almudena Grandes Hernández wagcina ubuhlobo obusenyongweni kubo bonke ubomi bakhe nedolophu yakowabo, iMadrid. Ngaphaya, Uphumelele izifundo zejografi kwiYunivesithi yaseComplutense kwaye wenza imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala njengomhleli ogunyazisiweyo wopapasho lwezindlu.. Ukongeza kuncwadi, wayenomsebenzi omninzi wobuntatheli njengombhali wemihlathi yephephandaba El País.
Ukuqala ngeminyaka yoo-1980, uAlmudena Grandes wangena kwilizwe lemiboniso bhanyabhanya esebenza njengombhali wesikrini kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, njengomdlali weqonga. Ngo-1994, umbhali waseIberia watshata nembongi kunye nomgxeki woncwadi uLuis García Montero. Esi sibini sasinabantwana abathathu kwaye sahlala kunye de kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, okwenzeka ngoNovemba 27, 2021 (umhlaza wekholoni).
Uhlanga loncwadi
Kwi 1989, UAlmudena Grandes esidlangalaleni Iminyaka kaLulu, ophumelele ibhaso le-XI La Sonrisa elithe nkqo ngengxelo evuselela inkanuko. Ngokuqinisekileyo, yayiyincwadi yokuqala eqaqambileyo, kuba, Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-20 kwaye ithengise iikopi ezingaphezulu kwesigidi.. Ukongezelela, isihloko senziwe kwifilimu kwi-1990 phantsi kolawulo lukaBigas Luna (kunye noFrancesca Neri noFrancesca kwindima ehamba phambili).
Ingaphezulu Iminyaka kaLulu yaqwalaselwa ngu El Mundo yaseSpain njengenye yeenoveli ezibalaseleyo ezili-100 zeSpanish zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Kamva, Ukutyhubela iminyaka, umbhali ovela eMadrid wayesazi indlela yokuphila kwibhari awayeyibeke ngokwakhe ngenqaku lakhe lokuqala. Ngapha koko, uninzi lokukhutshwa kwakhe okulandelayo kwaphumelela ibhaso.
Iincwadi zikaAlmudena Grandes
- Iminyaka kaLulu (1989);
- Ndizakufowunela friday (1991);
- I-Malena ligama le-tango (1994);
- Iimodeli zabasetyhini (1996);
- IAtlas yeJografi yoLuntu (1998);
- Imimoya erhabaxa (2002);
- Iinqaba zekhadibhodi (2004);
- Izikhululo zendlela (2005);
- Intliziyo efriziwe (2007);
- Agnes kunye novuyo (2010);
- Umfundi kaJules Verne (2012);
- Sala kakuhle, Martinez! (2014);
- Imitshato emithathu kaManolita (2014);
- Ukwanga ngesonka (2015);
- Izigulana zikaGqirha García (2017);
- Umama kaFrankenstein (2020);
- Yonke into iza kubangcono (2022).