Ubukhaphukhaphu obunganyamezelekiyo bokuba: isishwankathelo

Milan Kundera Caphula

Ukukhanya okunganyamezelekiyo koBuntu yinoveli yentanda-bulumko ebhalwe ngumbhali wemidlalo waseCzech uMilan Kundena. Yapapashwa ngo-1984 kwaye isetwa ePrague, ngexesha lohlaselo lwaseCzechoslovakia yiWarsaw Pact (1968). Ekuqaleni ibhalwe ngesiFrentshi, nangona kunjalo, emva kokuguqulelwa kwayo IsiNgesi yanconywa ngu-Elizabeth Hardwick "njengomsebenzi weyona nto inamandla, imvelaphi kunye nobutyebi."

Umbhali wasebenzisa iprozi ebalisayo ukubamba ibali elinzima lothando apho waveza ngobuchule impikiswano yobomi njengesibini kunye neziphumo zendlela yobukomanisi beli xesha. Enkosi kusetyenziso oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zoncwadi kunye nesicwangciso esiqhutywa kakuhle nguKundena, Ukutyhubela iminyaka, umsebenzi uye waba yireferensi enyanzelekileyo yobukhona. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo, Ukukhanya okunganyamezelekiyo koBuntu wafumana imbasa yeLos Angeles Times Literary Award ngo-1984.

Isishwankathelo ukusuka kuKuKhanya okunganyamezelekiyo koBuyo

ukukhanya kunye nobunzima

UTomas wayengugqirha oqhawule umtshato waseCzechoslovakia owayehlala ePrague. Kumtshato ongaphumelelanga, owathatha iminyaka emibini, inkwenkwe yazalwa. Edinwe kukungavisisani ngotyelelo lwakhe, wanika umama ilungelo elipheleleyo lokugcina umntwana. Phantse ishumi leminyaka ungatshati wayenabathandi abaninzi, de wadibana noTeresa. Waye iweyitala ezele luthando olwathi ngoko nangoko lwambamba ngamandla.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuzibophelela, le ndoda ayizange icinge ngokushiya uhambo lwakhe, yaye engasishiyi isithandwa sakhe esisondeleyo: igcisa lenkululeko uSabina. Enyanisweni, lo wamva nguye owafumana uTeresa umsebenzi—emva kokuba uTomas emcelile ukuba enjenjalo—. Leyo yindlela intombazana eyayithandana ngayo nalo gqirha yakwazi ukusuka ekubeni yiweyitala yada yaba ngumfoti wephephancwadi.

Emva kokulondoloza ulwalamano oluqinileyo phantse iminyaka emibini, ekugqibeleni—nokuzama ukunciphisa umona kaTeresa kancinane—batshata. Ngaloo maxesha imeko yezobupolitika yaba mbi kakhulu emva kokufika kwemikhosi yaseSoviet kwikomkhulu laseCzech. Ngexesha lemeko engazinzanga, UTomas wafumana isimemo sokuya kusebenza kwisibhedlele saseSwitzerland. Ugqirha, ngaphandle kokucinga, wavuma wahamba nomfazi wakhe kunye nenja yakhe - umnqamlezo phakathi kweSaint Bernard kunye nomalusi waseJamani ogama linguKarenin.

Ukubhadula kwendoda ekhululekileyo iyekile Kwakungekho nokuzola kwendawo entsha eyabamkelayo, kwaye uTeresa wayengesosidenge, wayesazi yonke into kakuhle. Eli bhinqa, ngaphandle kwethemba lokuba ukungcatshwa kuya kuphela, lamshiya ugqirha waza wabuyela ePrague noKarenin. Emva kweentsuku ezintlanu, uTomas waziva engento yanto, yaye, echatshazelwe kukungabikho komfazi wakhe, wagqiba kwelokuba awuyeke umsebenzi wakhe aze abuyele ekhaya.

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Umphefumlo nomzimba

Teresa wawugcina lo mkhuba wokuhlala ezijonga esipilini, zange waziva ekhululekile ngomzimba wakhe. Ebona imbonakalo yakhe, wazigweba ekhangela ukufana nowasetyhini owayengumlinganiswa ophambili wokwenzakala kwakhe kwasebuntwaneni: unina.

Okokugqibela Wayenabakhweli abaninzi ebutsheni bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, wakhulelwa abo bangathathi ntweni, kwaye, emva kokuzalwa kukaTeresa, waphoqeleka ukuba adibanise ubomi bakhe kunye naye.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umfazi okrakra wahlikihla uTeresa owayekhawulwe kwisiliphu, esoloko emphawula njengempazamo embi ebomini bakhe. Intuthumbo eyoyikekayo ngokwasengqondweni eyayityhubela kuyo le ntombazana yatshintsha okwethutyana, xa umama wemka ekhaya esiya nesikhohlakali.

Emva kweminyaka embalwa, Uyise kaTeresa wasweleka. Intlekele ngenkani intombazana ukuba ihambe iye kwindawo awayekuyo unina, owayesele emithiswe ngabantwana abathathu yilendoda wayeyilahlile.

Kwi-niche entsha, intombazana ehluphekileyo yabuyela kwiintsuku zokungeniswa, ukuthotywa kunye nokudelelwa kunina. Umfazi okhohlakeleyo wanyanzela uTeresa ukuba ashiye izifundo zakhe ukuze asebenze njengoweyitala Wayeneminyaka eli-15 kuphela ubudala.

Phezu kwayo yonke impatho-mbi, UTeresa wagxininisa ekufumaneni uthando lukanina. Ukuze aphumeze uthumo lwakhe, wayephethe imisebenzi yasekhaya nokunyamekela abazalwana bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, yonke imizamo yakhe yaba lilize. Maxa wambi eli bhinqa liphazamisekileyo lalihamba lihamba ze ngokupheleleyo, lihlekisa ngokuhlazeka kukaTeresa. Oku kwabangela unxunguphalo kumfazi osemncinci, owayesele eziva engafunwa ngumfanekiso wakhe kwaye ezele kukungazithembi.

Kwakunjalo ukugatywa, ukucinezelwa kunye nokuthotywa umama wakhe wamenza amava, ukuba uTeresa wagqiba ekubeni ahambe ekhaya aze aphephe kwiingalo zikaTomas. Ekuqaleni wayonwabile, wayefuna ukuba ngumzimba kuphela awayewufuna, kodwa ukungathembeki okuqhubekayo kwamthoba yonke imihla. Wayesoloko ekhathazwa ngamaphupha amabi wabafazi abahamba ze ecaleni kukaTomas, ezibona engomnye wesihlwele.

Nangona uTeresa wayesoloko ezikholelwa ukuba ungaphantsi kwamanye amabhinqa, oku kwakwahluka ngesinye isihlandlo: ngenye imini watyelela uSabina ukuze afote. Kuloo ntlanganiso bobabini baphele beboniswa beze. KuTeresa, ukuba semva kwelensi yekhamera kwamenza waziva ekhuselekile kwaye ekhululekile kwiikhompleksi.. Apho, wayesecaleni kunye nesithandwa sikaTomas, enxiliswe bubuze kwaye ekhokelwa ngumyeni wakhe ngokwasengqondweni.

Nangona kunjalo, la mava awazange achaphazele ubomi bukaTeresa, usizi lwakhe lwalukhula imihla ngemihla. Kwaye kwakungekho ngaphantsi, kulungile Kwixesha elidlulileyo likaTomas lokuziphatha okubi kongezwa ukufumana iminxeba yemihla ngemihla yomfazi owayebuza ngaye. Amahlwempu Umfazi odandathekileyo akazange akwazi ukuyinyamezela ngaphezulu waza wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele ePrague.

amagama angaqondwa kakuhle

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, USabina wanxulumana noFranz, umfundisi-ntsapho owayesahlala kwaye wafundisa eGeneva. Le ndoda yayitshatile iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 kuMarie Claude - awayenayo intombi - nangona kunjalo: akazange amthande. Kumfundisi, ukuthandana negcisa kwakulula, wayethabatheke ziimbono zakhe kunye nendlela yakhe yokwenza izinto.

Ngoxa wayenobubele novelwano, bekunye abazange bakwazi ukunxulumana ngendlela awayeyilangazelela. Sabina. Baye baba neengozi kunye neentlobano zesini kuyo yonke indawo enokwenzeka; Batyelela iihotele zaseYurophu ezili-15 kunye nehotele enye ekuMntla Merika. Kwafika ixesha apho waziva ekwicala leemvakalelo zakhe, kwaye wala ukuba kubudlelwane obunzulu ngokuchasene neengcamango zakhe.

Milan Kundera Caphula

Ngenxa yale meko, eli bhinqa lanyanzeleka ukuba limke eFranz. Ukuze abaleke, waya eParis waza wabalekela eUnited States. Franz, ukujongana nokwahlukana, waqalisa ubuhlobo obunenkululeko ethile nomfundi oselula. Noko ke, akazange amlibale nakancinane uSabina awayemthanda.

Umphefumlo nomzimba

Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, uTomas kunye Teresa babesenza ucwangciso olwahlukahlukeneyo yaye babengafane badibane ekhaya. Yena kwafuneka abuyele kumsebenzi wakhe wakudala wokuba yiweyitala emva kokuba egxothiwe kwiphephancwadi. Kuloo ndawo, abathengi babesoloko bemncwasile, into engazange imcaphukise. Kwaba njalo wadibana nenjineli, emva kweentetho ezithile, ikwazile ukumbamba.

Teresa wagqiba kwelokuba angathembeki kuTomas ngaloo ndoda. Kodwa, emva kwentlanganiso kwakugcwele amathandabuzo neenkxalabo. Ukungaqiniseki kwakhe kwakhula ngenxa yokuba injineli ayizange ibuyele ebharini, kwaye, emva kwezimvo ezivela kubathengi, uTeresa waqala ukukrokrela ukuba yayilicebo ngabasemagunyeni. Uphinde wacinga ukuba yayikuseta ukuba athumele umyeni wakhe ngefoto.

Emva kokutyelela intsimi kunye noTomas, kwaye wonganyelwe ngamathandabuzo, UTeresa wacinga ngombono wokuhamba kwaye uthi ndlela-ntle ePrague.

Ukukhanya kunye nobunzima

tomas wathwalwa lutyekelo lwakhe lokubhukuqa kunye wabhala ugxeko oluqatha lwezobupolitika kwiphephancwadi leenkcuba-buchopho. Ngokukhawuleza, iphakamise i-alamu kwabasemagunyeni yolawulo olutsha. Ngenxa yoku, watshutshiswa waza waphangwa ukuze axelele loo mpapashi wayenetyala, kodwa akazange avume.

Ngenxa yoko, kwafuneka awushiye umsebenzi wakhe wobugqirha kwaye waba ngumcoci wefestile. UTomas wabuyela kuhambo lwakhe: kweli nqanaba litsha lobomi bakhe wayichitha esoyisa abafazi kunye nokukhenketha ePrague. Ngeentsuku ezilandelayo wazinikezela ekujongeni iiyantlukwano phakathi kwesithandwa sakhe ngasinye. Nangona kunjalo, wayengenakuze azicime iimvakalelo zakhe ngoTeresa.

Ngexesha elifutshane, a umprotestanti ovuselelayo-ngomgibe- waphinda wadibana noTomas nonyana wakheendingamboniyo ixesha elide. Wazibonakalisa ukuba ungumkhuseli wabatshutshiswayo; waza wamcela ukuba atyikitye ileta eya kumongameli yeRiphabliki ukuze icele uxolelo kumabanjwa ezopolitiko. Ngelo xesha, intandabuzo yahlasela ugqirha, izinto ezininzi zahamba entlokweni yakhe, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni ala, kuba yonke into yayibonakala iyakrokra.

Ngobusuku apho isisu esibuhlungu kunye namaphupha avuselelayo athatha uTomas, icebiso likaTeresa lamothusa. Umfazi wakhe, embona ekhathazwa kukudibana okuninzi okungathandekiyo, Wacebisa ukuba aye kweli lizwe. Ekuqaleni yayibonakala iphambene, nangona kunjalo, emva kokucinga ngayo, uTomas akazange ayithande loo mbono.

imatshi enkulu

Emva kweminyaka elishumi, USabina wazinza eUnited States. Apho lazinikela ekunyamekeleni isibini esikhulileyo, awasithabatha njengentsapho. Kwesi siqalo esitsha kude ePrague waqhubeka nokuthengisa imizobo yakhe kwaye laphelisa lonke ikhethe ngokwezinto eziphathekayo ukuze uphile ngokulula nangokulula.

Ukufana, UFranz wagcina igcisa engqondweni —nangona wayetshatile—wayesoloko ecinga ngaye. Ngenye imini umhlobo wakhe wammema ukuba abe nenxaxheba kumngcelele woqhankqalazo, apho Wayelixhoba lokuphangwa kwaye wonzakele kakhulu..

Ndivuke egumbini lonyango eGeneva enomnqweno wokubona uSabina, kodwa ecaleni kwakhe kwakukho umfazi wakhe uMarie Claude kuphela. Apho, echacha, engakwazi ukushukuma okanye ukuthetha, wavala amehlo akhe kwaye wafa ebambelele kwinkumbulo yesithandwa sakhe.

Uncumo lukaKaren

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UTomas noTeresa bakwazi ukurhoxa emaphandleni bekhangela uxolo ebebengenayo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Babushiya ubomi bokunganyaniseki besinye isibini ababekunye nabo ePrague ukuzinikela kumanyano olumanyeneyo nolusempilweni. Kuloo ndawo, wazinikezela ekufuyeni iinkomo nokufunda, ngelixa yena ezityand’ igila kuye ukuba wonwabe ngokwenene.

emveni kwexeshana kwafuneka bajongane Amaqela el iintlungu bona isigulane somhlaza a umlingane wakho othembekileyo Karenin. Isilwanyana ayikwazanga ukunyamezela isifo kwaye udlule.

Esi sibini sakwamkela ukufa kwabo zixabisekile mascot njengokuvalwa kobunzima bexesha elidlulileyo. Ukusuka apho, babezimisele ukuba bazinike konke ukusondelelana nokuthembeka ababengenakho kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Sobre el autor

UMilan Kundera

UMilan Kundera wazalwa ngowe-1929 kummandla waseMoravia kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech. Izifundo zakhe zasesekondari zangena i-musicology kunye nokwakhiwa komculo. Ke, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseCharles ePrague kumsebenzi woncwadi kunye nobuhle. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwee-semesters ezimbini watshintshela kwiFakhalthi yeFilimu yeAkhademi yasePrague apho waphumelela khona ngo-1952.

Usebenze njengombhali wenoveli, umbhali webali elifutshane, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga, umbhali wezincoko, kunye nembongi. Kumphathi wakhe Ineenoveli ezili-10, apho imisebenzi yakhe igqamayo: Isiqhulo (1967) Incwadi yokuhleka nokulibala (1979) kunye Ukukhanya okunganyamezelekiyo koBuntu (1984).