Dibana neBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi lowama-2021

Ngomhla wesixhenxe kweyeDwarha kulo nyaka, kuye kwatyhilwa igama lophumelele iBhaso le-7 leNobel kudidi loncwadi. Ophumeleleyo wayengumTanzania u-Abdulrazak Gurnah, umbhali wenoveli onomsebenzi omde nonzulu, obonakaliswa ngokuchukumisa ngamandla kwimiba enobuzaza enxulumene nemfazwe, iimbacu kunye nobuhlanga.

Isebenza njenge IParadesi (1994) kunye Ukulahlwa (2005) ukhokele amalungu e-Academy yaseSweden kwingxoxo enjalo, echaza ukuba iZanzibarí iphumelele "iingxelo zabo zemiphumo yobukoloniyali kunye nesiphelo sababaleki kwiGulf phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye namazwekazi." Lixesha lesihlanu kwimbali yeli wonga ukuba umAfrika afumane ukwamkelwaNgaphambi kwakhe, wamkelwa: uWole Soyinka, uNadine Gordimer, uJohn Maxwell Coetzee kunye noNaguib Mahfuz.

Malunga nophumeleleyo, u-Abdulrazak Gurnah

Wazalwa ngoDisemba 20 kwisiqithi saseZanzibar, eTanzania, ngowe-1948. Ubutsha bakhe baphenjelelwa ziincwadi ezinjenge Ubusuku baseArabiaWayefunda rhoqo imibongo yaseAsia, ngakumbi amaPersi kunye namaArabhu.

Ukufuduswa ngenkani

Akazange afikelele kwiminyaka yobuninzi, Kwanyanzeleka ukuba alishiye ikhaya lakhe ngenxa yeemfazwe eziqhubekayo nezikhulayo eziye zavela kumazwe aseTanzania ukususela ngowe-1964.. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-18 kuphela ubudala, waya eNgilani waza wazinza apho.

Ubomi ngokwabo lyrics

Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba imisebenzi yakhe ichaneke ngokukuko ukuhlaselwa kwemfazwe kunye namanqaku abantu abaswelekileyo abahamba nawo, kwaye ezo ndawo zinenxalenye enkulu yonxweme lweMpuma Afrika njengeyona ndawo iphambili kuyo. Ukubhala kuka-Abdulrazak Gurnah kunamava ngokucacileyo.

Uluhlu lwemisebenzi ka-Abdulrazak Gurnah

Umdibaniso wemisebenzi eyenziwa yiZanzibarí ibanzi kakhulu, ngoko ukumiselwa kwakhe asinto ingaqhelekanga; i-10 lezigidi ze-SEK aziphumeleleyo zingaphezulu kokumfaneleyo. Nazi izihloko azipapashile:

Novelas

• Inkumbulo yokuHamba (1987)
• Indlela yeePilgrim (1988)
• Dottie (1990)
• IParadesi (1994).
• Ukuncoma Ukuthula (1996)
• Paraiso (1997, inguqulelo kaSofía Carlota Noguera)
• Ukuthula okungathethekiyo (1998, inguqulelo kaSofía Carlota Noguera)
• NgaseLwandle (2001)
• Elunxwemeni (2003, uguqulo lukaCarmen Aguilar)
• Ukulahlwa (2005)
• Isipho sokugqibela (2011)
• Intliziyo yeGravel (2017)
• Emva kobomi (2020)

Izincoko, amabali amafutshane kunye neminye imisebenzi

• Ngamandla (1985)
• Iikati (1992)
• Izincoko ezingoBhalo lwesi-Afrika 1: Uvandlakanyo ngokutsha (1993)
• Ubuchule boTshintsho kwiNkolo kaNgũgĩ wa Thiong'o (1993)
• Intsomi kaWole Soyinka ”kwiWole Soyinka: Uvavanyo (1994)
• Umsindo kunye noKhetho lwezopolitiko eNigeria: Ukuqwalaselwa kweMadmen kaSoyinka kunye neeNgcali, Indoda yasweleka, kunye neXesha leAnomy. (1994, inkomfa yapapashwa)
• Izincoko ezingokubhalwa kwe-Afrika 2: Ixesha langoku Iincwadi (1995)
• Umbindi-ndawo wesikhalo ': UBhalo lukaDambudzo Marechera (1995)
• Ukufuduswa kunye noTshintsho kwi-Enigma yokuFika (1995)
• Ukuhambisa (1996)
• Ukusuka kwiNdlela yePilgrim (1988)
• Ukucinga ngoMbhali wePostcolonial (2000)
• Umbono Wexesha Elidlulileyo (2002)
• Amabali aqokelelweyo ka-Abdulrazak Gurnah (2004)
• Umama wayehlala kwiFama yaseAfrika (2006)
• Iqabane laseCambridge likaSalman Rushdie (2007, intshayelelo yencwadi)
• Imixholo kunye neZakhiwo kuBantwana basezinzulwini zobusuku (2007)
• Ukhozo lwengqolowa ngu Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o (2012)
• Ibali loMfiki: Njengoko kuxelwe ku-Abdulrazak Gurnah (2016)
• Ukubongoza ukuba kungabikho ndawo: Wicomb kunye neCosmopolitanism (2020)

Ngubani otyunjwe ngokudibeneyo no-Abdulrazak Gurnah?

Kulo nyaka, njengakwixesha elidlulileyo xa wayephumelele ULouise Glück, le pedestal yayingavisisani. Ngokukhankanya nje inxalenye yabatyunjwa, kuqondwa ngokucacileyo ukuba kutheni: Can Xue, Liao Yiwu, Haruki Murakami, Javier Marías, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, César Aira, Michel Houellebecq, Margaret Atwood kunye noNgugi wa Thiongó. 

I-Murakami, njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo, iseyenye yeentandokazi, kodwa akayiphumezi injongo yakhe. UJavier Marias, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yayiphakathi kwamagama adumileyo. Kuza kufuneka silinde kulo nyaka uzayo ukuze sibone ukuba ngubani ophumelele iwonga lodumo.