Ugqirha wasezilalini.
Ugqirha wasezilalini libali elifutshane lombhali waseCzech uFranz Kafka. Ivele ngokupapashwa okokuqala njengenxalenye ye- Ein Landarzt: UKleine Erzaehlungen, ebudeni bowe-1919. Ngokwesincoko esineencwadi zebhayografi zeZiko leZinto ngeBiografi (IQELA leGALE, 2005), lo msebenzi ubonakalisa amava ombhali. Ewe, ngo-Agasti 1917 kwaqinisekiswa isifo sephepha, isifo esasiza kuthi ekugqibeleni sikhokelele ekufeni kwakhe ngo-1924.
Ugqirha wasezilalini Inayo yonke into eyahlukileyo ekuthiwa "ziintsomi zeKafkaesque". Kuzo, umlinganiswa ophambili uhlala ezifaka kwiimeko ezixineneyo ngaphandle kwengcaciso ebonakalayo kwaye kungekho kubaleka. Iingxoxo zikaKafka zihlala zibonisa ukwahlukana okuxakekisayo kwintlalo yanamhlanje kunye nokubonakaliswa okungapheliyo kubuThixo kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwabantu. Ngaphandle kobunzima bomsebenzi wakhe, umbhali uludwe lwababhali ababesaziwa emva kokufa. Khawufane ucinge ngokulunga komsebenzi wakhe, ukuba uBorges umcebisa njengombhali ukuba afundwe.
Unxibelelwano lwebhayibhile nguFranz Kafka
UFrantišek Kafka wazalwa ngoJulayi 3, 1883 ePrague, eBohemia (ngoku eyiCzech Republic). Usweleke ngesifo sephepha kwingqayi ngoJuni 3, 1924, eKilingling, eKlosterneuburg, eOstriya. Wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni amaJuda ePrague - eStraschnitz. Uyise nguHermann Kafka, umrhwebi nomenzi; Umama wakhe, uJulie (Loewy) Kafka. Izalamane zakhe, zoomama noomama, zazizizifundiswa kunye neengcali.
UFranz Kafka, ingqondo yengqondo ekhathazekileyo
Wayenonyana kunye noGrete Bloch, kodwa akazange atshate nawuphi na owasetyhini awayenxulumene naye. Ngokuka-Miguel Ángel Flores we-Azcapotzalco Metropolitan Autonomous University (eMexico), “Abafazi babekwazi ukufikelela kuye, kodwa waqamba imiqobo kulo naluphi na ulwalamano. Ubawo owayenguzwilakhe, owayemdelela, umrhwebi ophumeleleyo, kwaye isimo sakhe sengqondo sasigxininisa imvakalelo yakhe yokungaphumeleli kunye nokufakwa endaweni engeyiyo ”.
Iqabane lakhe lokugqibela elaziwayo yayinguDora Diamond, owamsondeza kubuJuda kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe.. UFranz Kafka wayegula, ethuthunjiswa, eyindoda enexhala kwaye isifo sakhe esingazange kuvunyelwane ngaso. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukholelwa ukuba wayenengxaki yesifo sobuchwephesha.
Imfundo kunye nomsebenzi kaKafka
Ngo-1906, wafumana isidanga sobugqirha kwezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseFerdinand-Karls ePrague. Wayesebenza njengombhali weendaba ezisemthethweni kuRichard Loewy ePrague ngo-1906. Phakathi kowe-1908 nowe-1922 wayelilungu le-Kingdom of Bohemian Occupational Accident Insurance Institute, ePrague, njengengcali yothintelo lwengozi. Wayesebenzela umvelisi weAsbestos Works Hermann & Co, eZizkov, eBohemia.
Ugqirha welizwe kunye noFranz Kafka's Shorts Shorts
Ein Landarzt: UKleine Erzaehlungen (Ugqirha wasezilalini: amabali amafutshane), yapapashwa ngo-1919 e-Austria, ngaphakathi kwengqokelela yamabali amafutshane alishumi elinesine. Ukufundwa kwayo kuyakhawuleza kwaye kuyatyibilika, kunokugqitywa ngemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu (okanye ngaphantsi). Emva kokubhubha kukaKafka, ngaphezulu kweshumi elinambini lopapasho lothotho lwebali eliyintsomi. Eminye imibhalo yakhe yokuhlanganiswa kwamabali amafutshane eentsomi apapashwe ebomini ngala:
- UDer Heizer: Isiqwenga se-Ein (Ingqokelela: isiqwenga - 1913).
- Ibhetrachtung (Ukucamngca - 1913).
- Ukufa kweVerwandlung (iguqulelwe njenge Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba IsiNgesi ngu AL Lloyd - 1915).
- I-Das Urteil: Eine Geschichte (Ityala: ibali - 1916).
U-Ein Hungerkunstler: UVier Geschichten (1924). Kuquka amabali aguqulelwe emva, njenge Umzobi olambileyo, Umfazi omncinci, Intuthumbo yokuqala y UJosefina imvumi; okanye, Folk yeMouse. Yapapashwa emva nje kokubhubha kwakhe, kodwa uKafka wayenexesha lokuphonononga phantse zonke iitekisi.
Kwangokunjalo, uKafka wavelisa inani elikhulu leenoveli, iidayari, kunye nelifa lakhe elikhokelele kwimisebenzi yokuqokelela. Oku kwenzeke kuba umbhali waseCzech akazange apapashe imisebenzi yakhe emininzi esaphila. Ngokunjalo, izihlobo zakhe kunye nosapho bayityeshele iminqweno yakhe kwaye abazitshisanga iincwadi zakhe zokubhala okanye amanqaku emva kokubhubha kwakhe. Namhlanje, uninzi lwemibhalo yesandla kaKafka ephulukene nobuNazi isakhangelwa.
Uhlalutyo logqirha wasezilalini
Franz Kafka.
UJorge Alberto valvarez-Díaz ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid, uyachaza Ugqirha wasezilalini njengokufunda okufanelekileyo kokuziphatha. Kwimpapasho yeMexico Medical Gazette (2008), u-valvarez-Díaz ucacisa ukuba, nangaphandle kobufutshane bebali, ukutolikwa kwakhe "kwakukhona, kwaye kuya kuqhubeka kubanomdla njengoko kunzima".
Uxanduva ngokwembono ye-Kafkaesque axioms
En Ugqirha Ezilalini, uKafka wophula umbono woxanduva kwaye asondele kuye ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ewe kunjalo, okwangoku kuchaziwe kwimagazini ezine zeKafkaesque axioms Ababhali kunye namaGcisa aBantu abaDala aBadala (Umqu. 31, 2000). Kwizibini zokuqala, i-theology iyangqubana ngokuchasene nokuziphatha kwabantu. Apho, nokuba ibonakala kangakanani, umthetho kaThixo awusoze ulunge njengokuziphatha kwabantu.
Ezinye ii-axioms ezimbini ziyahambelana: kukho indlela echanekileyo yokuphila ubomi. Ukufunyanwa kwayo kuxhomekeke kumandla ngamnye okufumanisa amandla aphantse angaziwa ebantwini. KuFranz Kafka, eyona meko yokugqibela yomntu kukuphulukana nesidima sakhe. Olu luvo lubonakaliswe ngokucacileyo kweli candelo lilandelayo loGqirha wasemaPhandleni:
“—Gqirha, mandife. Ndilaqaza: akhomntu uvileyo. Bathule abazali, bayame phambili, belindele uluvo lwam. Udade uye weza nesitulo ukuba ndibeke ibhegi yokuphatha. Ndiyayivula ndikhangele ngezixhobo zam. Umfana uqhubeka nokwandisa izandla zakhe kum, ukuze andikhumbuze ngesicelo sakhe. Ndithatha ii-tweezers, ndizivavanye ngokukhanyisa ikhandlela, ndiphinde ndizibeke.
Ewe, ewe-ndicinga ukuba ukunyelisa-kwimeko ezinje ngoothixo bayasinceda, basithumela ihashe esilifunayo kwaye, kuba singxamile, basinika elinye. Ukongeza, basithumela inkwenkwe ezinzileyo… ”.
Icandelo elichaphazelekayo
Umhlobo wakhe uMax Brode - ogcine amaphepha akhe amaninzi-watsho, “UKafka utsale abantu basetyhini ubomi bakhe bonke. Khange ayikholelwe, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iyinyani. " En Ugqirha wasezilalini, umlinganiswa ophambili ungena kwimeko ephelileyo-eqhelekileyo yamabali e-Kafkaesque- kunye "nokubingelela" URosa, umncedisi wakhe othembekileyo. Okucacileyo embindini webali yimbeko enzulu umbhali anayo kubafazi.
Iqabane elihlwempuzekileyo lishiywa ngenceba yomxhaphazi ofanayo owenza ukuba ugqirha athunyelwe kwikhaya lesigulana. Njengokuba imeko yoxinzelelo iqhubeka, ukhathalelo oluviwa ligqirha kumlingane wakhe luyabonakala. Ukuxhalaba kuyanda kuba umlinganiswa ophambili uyaqonda ukuba amashwa anokuthi abandezeleke nguRosa abangelwa nguye. Zonke iziphumo ezinokubakho zibubuxoki, njengoko kunokufundwa kule ndima ilandelayo:
“Kuphela ngoku ndimkhumbula uRosa: Ndingenza ntoni? Ndingayigcina njani? Ndimkrazula njani phantsi kwala ndoda? Iimayile ezilishumi kude, namahashe angalawulekiyo abotshelelwe kwinqwelwana yam, andazi ukuba bazikhulula njani izintso, andazi ukuba bazivula njani iifestile ngaphandle, iintloko zabo zidlula kubo bajonge le ndoda igulayo, Akuphazanyiswanga sisikhalo sezihlobo. Ndizobuya ngoku, ”ndicinga, ngokungathi amahashe ayandicela ukuba ndibuye, kodwa ndiyamvumela lo dade, ocinga ukuba ndikrukruthwa bubushushu, asuse ibhatyi yam yoboya. Bandinika iglasi yerum. Ixhego landibetha egxalabeni. Ukundinika ubuncwane bakho kuyayithethelela le nto yokuqhelana. Ndishukumisa intloko yam: ingandigulisa ukuziva ngaphakathi kwengqondo emxinwa yendoda endala. Ngenxa yaloo nto kuphela andifuni ukusela ”.
Ugqirha wasezilalini noFranz Kafka, isigulana
Isicatshulwa sikaFranz Kafka.
Ukunyanzelwa kwesakhiwo kunye neengxoxo Ugqirha wasezilalini mhlawumbi ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo. Nangona imeko enesidima kwaye iphikisanayo inokubonakala iyintsomi, ingxelo iphefumlelwe ngamava kaKafka ngokwakhe kunye namalungu osapho. Oku kwabonakala kweyakhe Iidayari ebhalwe ngo-1912, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okuhlelwe ngu-Heller, iincwadi zePocket, Isiseko seKafka (1983).