Ubomi kunye nemisebenzi kaJuan Carlos Onetti

UJuan Carlos Onetti Borges (1909-1994) wayengumlobi ozelwe eUruguay ovelisa amabali obukho, obungenathemba kunye nobuntu obuphezulu. Umbhali udale ilizwe eliyintsomi alisebenzisileyo kwimisebenzi yakhe, ephefumlelwe nguWiliam Faulkner, umbhali owayedla ngokuvelisa amabali ngalo mgangatho.

U-Mario Vargas Llosa uqinisekisa ukuba umbhali akazange afumane ukuqondwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo. Amabali abo azisa umfundi kwinyani engenathemba kunye nethemba ngokusebenzisa ulwimi olucokisekileyo, lokuzibandakanya kunye nokunyanzelisa. Kuqwalaselwa njenge Enye yeengcibi ezinkulu zebali lakutshanje laseLatin American.

I-Biography

Ukuzalwa nosapho

UJuan Carlos Onetti Wazalwa ngoJulayi 1, 1909 eMontevideo, abazali bakhe yayinguHonoria Borges noCarlos Onetti. Wayengowesibini kubantwana abathathu, intombazana encinci kunaye egama linguRaquel, kunye noRaúl, umntakwabo omdala.

Ifani u-Onetti yayiqhele ukuba ngu "O'Nety", kukholelwa ukuba ivela eScotland okanye eIreland. Into eyenzekileyo kukuba utata katat'omkhulu wombhali, indoda eyazalelwa kummandla waphesheya kweBritane obizwa ngokuba yiGibraltar, wenza isigqibo sokuguqula ifani ngokuguqula upelo lwayo.

Uqeqesho

UOnetti Wazigqiba izifundo zakhe ezisisiseko nezasesekondari ngaphandle kwesiganeko, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yoqhankqalazo ngokubanzi ngo-1929, wabeka bucala uqeqesho kwezomthetho. Emva koko wazinikezela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ukuze aphile, kubandakanya nomhleli kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngemagazini Isikere. Ngomzamo wakhe wakwazi ukuzimela eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala.

Ubomi bothando

Ngo-1930 watshata no-Amalia, umzala wakhe. Wahamba naye ukuya eBuenos Aires, apho umbhali waqala ukuthengisa oomatshini, kwaye wayengumgxeki wefilimu. Esi sibini wazala unyana ogama Jorge kunye neminyaka emibini kamva ngo-1933 esi sibini sahlukana noJuan Carlos babuyela kowabo, eMontevideo.

U-Onetti wathandana nodadewabo womfazi wakhe wangaphambili, uMaría Julia. Batshata kwaye kungekudala emva kokuba bohlukene. Umbhali waphinda watshata ngo-1945 ukuya kumfazi ogama lingu-Elizabeth Pekelharing, kwangalo nyaka wavula ngawo amabali kaSanta María intombi yakhe u-Isabel María wazalwa, ngokukodwa nge-26 kaJulayi ngo-1949.

I-Onetti inyuka

Ukuphakama kwakhe ekwamkelweni esidlangalaleni kwaqala ngokudala isixeko esiyintsomi esibizwa ngokuba yiSanta María., eyayisisiseko samabali akhe amaninzi. Umsebenzi wokuqala apho le ndawo yabonakala khona Indlu esantini  emva koko ngo-1950 Ubomi obufutshane.

Waphinda watshata nomfazi owayeya kuhamba naye ubomi bakhe bonke, uDorothea Muhr. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu waqala ukufumana amabhaso kupapasho lwakhe; Ngo-1962 wafumana ibhaso leSizwe loNcwadi kwaye kwiminyaka emine kamva, eVenezuela, ibhaso leRómulo Gallegos. Kwaye kunjalo Iincwadi zakhe luhambo kwihlabathi liphela Kubathandi bokufunda.

Uncuthu lweeNcwadi zaseMelika zaseMelika

Ngelo xesha uJuan Carlos wapapashwa Indawo yokugcina iimpahla, Umsebenzi owambeka kwindawo yokuqala ye "boom" yoncwadi AmaSpanishi. Eli candelo ababhali abavavanyiweyo abaziwa (okanye baziwa kakuhle kuphela kumazwe abo) kwimibutho yamanye amazwe.

Iminyaka yokugqibela kunye nokufa

Ngo-1981 u-Onetti wayehlala eMadrid okwexeshana nalapho wafumanisa ukuba uphumelele ibhaso le-Cervantes. Emva kokufumana eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe boncwadi, wamenywa ukuba azokubonela ngovuselelo lwentando yesininzi e-Uruguay, nangona kunjalo wagqiba kwelokuba ahlale eSpain.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, intatheli ezininzi kunye nababhali bamtyelela ekhaya, kuba uJuan Carlos akazange ahambe apho. Ngo-1993 wabhala kwakhona malunga nesixeko saseSanta María, esapapashwa Xa ingasenamsebenzi; emva konyaka wagula hepatitis kwaye U-Onetti wasweleka nge-30 kaMeyi ka-1994 eMadrid ngenxa yesifo sephepha esibonisa ukunganyangeki.

Ulwakhiwo

Novelas

• Umngxunya (1939).
• Ubomi obufutshane (1950).
• Ingcwaba elingenagama1959).
• Indawo yokugcina iinqanawa (1961).
• Masiyeke ukuthetha nomoya (1979).
• Xa ingasenamsebenzi (1993).

Iintsomi

• Isihogo esoyikwa njalo kunye nezinye iimbali (1962).
• Jacob kunye nomnye. Iphupha lizaliseka namanye amabali (1964).
• Umtshakazi Obiweyo kunye namanye amaBali (1968).
• Ixesha lokwamkela kunye namabali ukusuka ku-1933 ukuya ku-1950 (1974).
• Iintsomi eziyimfihlo. I-Parakeet uMgcini wamanzi kunye nezinye iimaski. (1986).
• Ubukho kunye namanye amabali (1986).
• Gcwalisa imisebenzi III. Amabali, amanqaku kunye nezinto ezingafaniyo (Ushicilelo olusemva kokufa, 2009).