UAna Maria Matute

Kuluhlu olukhulu lwababhali baseSpain, elinye lamagama anoonobumba abakhulu abaza kuqaqambisa, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, UAna Maria Matute, umbhali wenoveli waseSpain okwazileyo ukuba lilungu leRoyal Spanish Academy ehleli kwisihlalo sika-'K' kunye nophumelele iBhaso leCervantes.

Kodwa ngubani uAna María Matute? Kutheni igqalwa njengolona ncwadi lubalulekileyo lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX eSpeyin? Siza kuyifumana ngezantsi.

Ngubani uAna María Matute

UAna María Matute Ausejo wazalwa ngoJulayi 26, 1925 eBarcelona. Wayeyintombi yesibini kusapho loohlohlesakhe baseCatalan, ephawulwa ngokuba ngowonqulo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo. Utata wakhe yayinguFacundo Matute Torres, umnini wefektri yeambrela yaseMatute SA Umama wakhe yayinguMaría Ausejo Matute. Bebonke bekukho amalungu asi-7, abantwana aba-5 kunye nabazali.

Ubuntwana bukaAna María Matute babungekho eBarcelona, ​​​​kodwa endaweni yaseMadrid. Nangona kunjalo, amabali awabhalileyo akadli ngokugxila kule ndawo.

Ngeminyaka emine, umbhali wexesha elizayo wagula kwaye oko kwabangela ukuba intsapho yonke ihambe eMansilla de la Sierra, apho ugogo nomkhulu wakhe babevela khona, ngenxa yempilo yakhe, eLa Rioja.

ella Wayengomnye "wamantombazana" awayephila ngeMfazwe yaseSpain yango-1936, ekubeni ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ubundlobongela, ukufa, intiyo, intlupheko, njl. Yayiziimeko awathi wadibana nazo nezazinzulu kuye, kungoko wakwaziyo ukubhala ngelo xesha ngokungafaniyo nabanye abantu.

La Inoveli yokuqala kaAna María Matute yayineminyaka eli-17 ubudala. Yithiyetha encinci, nangona ingazange ipapashwe de kwangowe-1950. Kunyaka ongaphambi kwalowo, wathi thaca inoveli yakhe ethi Luciérnagas yeBhaso likaNadal, elaphela likhutshiwe kumjikelo wokugqibela, waphinda wavavanyelwa.

Noko ke, oku akuzange kudodobalise iinzame zakhe zoncwadi zokuzenzela igama yaye waqhubeka epapasha iminyaka eliqela. Kangangokuba ngowe-1976 yachongwa iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi.

Umsebenzi kaAna María Matute wawugxininisa kwimfundo, ekubeni wayengunjingalwazi waseyunivesithi. Wahamba kakhulu enikela iintetho kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseSpeyin nezaseYurophu, kunye naseUnited States.

En Ngowe-1984 wafumana iBhaso leSizwe laBantwana kunye noNcwadi lwaBantu abaselula nge "Unyawo olunye kuphela olungenanto." Ngo-1996 omnye wemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu, "uKumkani olityelweyo uGudú", wammisela ukuba aphinde aphumelele kodwa, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, isiganeko esihle saloo nyaka yayixa IRoyal Spanish Academy yamthiya njengelungu kunye nomnini wesihlalo u-K, ingowasetyhini wesithathu obeyinxalenye yeli ziko.

Amabhaso afumene uninzi, hayi nje ezi zinto zikhankanywe ngaphambili. Njengemizekelo, sinokukucaphula: Ibhaso lePlaneta, iBhaso leNadal, iBhaso leSizwe leeLeta zeSpanish, ophumelele iBhaso leNkosana ye-Asturias yeeLeta, iBhaso likaMiguel de Cervantes ...

UAna María Matute eluthandweni

Ubomi bakhe bothando buye baba yinto emangalisayo ngakumbi. Kwaye yiloo nto ngo-1952 watshata nombhali uRamón Eugenio de Goicoechea. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, unyana wakhe, uJuan Pablo, wazalelwa, awayezinikele kuye imisebenzi emininzi yabantwana.

Noko ke, kwiminyaka eli-11 kamva wahlukana nomyeni wakhe yaye, ngenxa yemithetho yaseSpeyin yelo xesha, wayengenalo ilungelo lokubona unyana wakhe kuba wayengenguye kodwa umyeni wakhe. Oku kwabangela ukuba abe neengxaki ezingokweemvakalelo.

Emva kweminyaka, uthando lwankqonkqoza emnyango kwakhona kunye nosomashishini uJulio Brocard. Kodwa ukufa kwakhe ngo-1990, kanye ngomhla wokuzalwa kombhali, kwenza ukudandatheka okwakusele kunyuka ngaphambili kwanda.

Ngelishwa, kwi-2014, u-Ana María Matute wasweleka ngenxa yeengxaki ze-cardiorespiratory.

Zeziphi iincwadi ozibhalileyo

NguAna María Matute singafumana iinoveli ezininzi, Kodwa mhlawumbi into ongayazi kukuba wayekwangumbhali wamabali nemidlalo yabantwana. Ukongeza, zisesefashonini kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo abanye benu bafundile.

Ngokukodwa, kwaye ngoncedo lweWikipedia, izihloko zazo zonke iincwadi zika-Ana María Matute zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (zahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amathathu aphambili):

Novelas

• UAbheli
• Izibane
• Iqela laseMntla-ntshona
• Itheyetha encinci
• Kulo mhlaba
• Abantwana abafileyo
• Imemori yokuqala
• Amajoni ayalila ebusuku
• Abanye abafana
• Umgibe
• Imboniselo
• Ulwandle
• UKhohlwa uKumkani uGudú
• eAranmanoti
• Iparadesi engahlali bantu
• Iidemon eziqhelekileyo.

Amabali amafutshane

• Inkwenkwe elandelayo
• Ubomi obuncinci
• Abantwana abangenangqondo
• Ubomi obutsha
• Ixesha
• Isiqingatha sendlela
• Imbali ka-Artámila
• Abaguqukileyo
• Ezintathu kunye nephupha
• Umlambo
• Intombi enyulu yaseAntioquia kunye namanye amabali
• Ukusuka ndawo
• Isiphelo esiyinyani sokulala Buhle
• Umthi weGolide
• Ikumkani
• Indlu yemidlalo engavumelekanga
• Abo basevenkileni; Mfundisi; Yonke inkohlakalo ehlabathini
• Umnyango wenyanga. Gqibezela amabali
• Umculo.

Imisebenzi yabantwana

• Ilizwe lebhodi
• Paulina, ihlabathi kunye neenkwenkwezi
• Intethe eluhlaza kunye noMfundi oFundiweyo
• Incwadi yokudlala yabantwana babanye
• Ihashe eliphambeneyo kunye neCarnavalito
• Ukugcinwa kwe "Ulises"
• Paulina
• Umntu omtsha
• Unyawo nje olunye olungenanto
• Intethe eluhlaza
• Iigusha ezimnyama
• Onke amabali am.

Ngowuphi owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo ka-Ana María Matute?

UAna María Matute usishiyele imisebenzi emininzi ukuze simkhumbule kwaye inyaniso kukuba ukukhetha enye kuphela kuyo inzima. Kuzo zonke ezo azibhalileyo, ezona zigqame kakhulu zezo azibalisa ngexesha lasemva kwemfazwe, kodwa hayi ngokwembono yabantu abadala, kodwa ngokwembono yabantwana. Kananjalo iitriloji zakhe zibalulekile.

Kodwa ngowuphi owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo ka-Ana María Matute? Kule meko, sinokucaphula ezininzi zazo, kodwa Mhlawumbi eyona yenze ukuba umbhali aziwe kakhulu kwaye ibe nolona vavanyo lulungileyo ngaBantwana abaswelekileyo.

Ngale ncwadi, uAna María Matute waphumelela i-Spanish National Narrative Prize ngowe-1959. Kodwa kungekhona nje loo nto, kodwa neBhaso leCastilian Narrative Criticism.

Ibalisa ngebali lamadoda amabini, uDaniel, owayeselubhacweni eFransi obuyela kwilizwe lakhe egula yaye engaphumelelanga; kunye noMiguel, unyana we-anarchist obuyela kwisixeko sakhe aze agqibe ekubeni enze ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Kutheni le ncwadi? Ewe, ngokutsho kwabagxeki, kuba njengamandla kunye nokubonakaliswa kwentlungu, isizungu, ukubola, njl. oko kwenza abafundi bazive ngendlela efanayo naba balinganiswa.

Yeyiphi eyona ncwadi wayeyithanda kakhulu uAna María Matute?

Ukubuza umbhali ukuba yeyiphi incwadi yakhe ayithanda kakhulu kukuzibopha. Kwaye kukuba, kubo, zonke iincwadi zineenxalenye abazithandayo kwaye abakwazanga ukukhetha enye. Kuyinyani ukuba kukho iinoveli kunye neencwadi ezithile ababhali abanokuthi bazithande ngakumbi.

Kwimeko kaAna María Matute, yena ngokwakhe wavuma ukuba wayenentandokazi, uKumkani uGudú oLibeleyo. Kuyo, umbhali wayebekwe kwi-Middle Ages, ngokukodwa kwimvelaphi kunye nokwandiswa kobukumkani base-Olar, apho intombazana yasezantsi, isidalwa esingaqhelekanga esihlala kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nomlumbi baya kuwela iindlela zabo.

Njengoko ubona, asiyoncwadi edla ngokubonwa ngayo. Kwaye kunjalo yintelekelelo, i-adventure kunye nendlela ehambisa ngayo iimvakalelo zothando, amandla, ububele, uthando, njl. nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto wayeyithanda kakhulu.