UCharles Bukowski

UHenry Charles Bukowski, Omnci wayengumbhali waseJamani-waseMelika owazakhela udumo ngokuhlola kwakhe icala laseMelika "elincinci". Ngokukodwa, uninzi lwamabali akhe amafutshane, imibongo kunye neenoveli zichaza ubomi bemihla ngemihla beeklasi zabantu abatyebileyo eLos Angeles.

nayo, Isicatshulwa esifutshane sikaBukowski sibonisa ukuthanda kwakhe utywala kunye nokuziphatha okuchasene nentlalo. Kuzo wayesebenzisa ulwimi oluthe ngqo nolungathandekiyo - ehlekisa ngayo nayiphi na imfundo esesikweni - ukuze abonakalise ngokucacileyo ubuqaqawuli bakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto wazuza intiyo yecandelo elilungileyo lokugxekwa koncwadi lwaseMelika.

Ubomi bukaCharles Bukowski

UHeinrich Karl Bukowski wazalelwa eAndernach, eJamani, ngo-Agasti 16, 1920. Usapho lwakhe lwafudukela eLos Angeles xa wayeneminyaka emibini ubudala. Wayenobuntwana obunzima, njengoko utata wakhe wayemxhaphaza emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ukongeza, ngenxa yendlela awayethetha ngayo ngesiJamani, wayehlekiswa ngabanye abantwana. Babedla ngokumbiza "Heini" (mfutshane ngegama lakhe).

Ukuqala komanyano olude notywala

Ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokufikisa, uHeinrich waphathwa ngamabala, oko kukhokelele ekhatyweni kwamantombazana esikolweni sakhe. Ngezi zizathu, Akumangalisi ke, xa ndandineminyaka eli-13 ubudala Bukowski oselula waqalisa ukunyanga iintlungu kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo. Loo mkhwa waba yinto yakhe "yokubhala". Kumagama amva ombhali ngokwakhe, uthi: "Kwakungumlingo, njengokubulala nokuzalwa kwakhona yonke imihla."

Amava abukhali kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi bukaBukowski wakha umfanekiso wakhe ozimeleyo kunye nohlaziyo. Emva kokuchitha ixesha elide ezibhedlele ukuze anyange ukuvela kwakhe, wagqiba ukubhala kwakhe okokuqala ngo-1935. Eli bali lijikeleza umqhubi wenqwelomoya uBaron Manfred Von Richthofen, weMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala.

Izifundo kunye nemisebenzi yokuqala

Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo eLos Angeles High School, uBukowski uthathe izifundo zoncwadi nobuntatheli eLos Angeles City College phakathi kowe-1937 nowe-1939. Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, wafudukela eNew York. Wathatha amaphupha akhe okuba ngumbhali kwaye waqala ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emincinci. Le minyaka ilandelayo ichithwe kuhambo, ukusela kunye nokubhala "kukhutshelwa ngaphandle koncwadi."

Ngo-1944 wavalelwa ePhiladelphia iintsuku ezili-17. Utyholwa yi-FBI ngokuphepha ekukhetheni umkhosi waseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, kamva wabhengezwa engafanelekanga kwinkonzo yasemkhosini ngenxa yezizathu zengqondo. Kwakuloo nyaka wenza ukupapashwa kwakhe okokuqala kwiphephancwadi ibali, ibali elifutshane «Emva kweSlip yokuNqaba ixesha elide»(Emva kokuNqatshwa yiSlip yexesha elide).

Buyela california

Ngo-1946, wakhupha elinye ibali elifutshane ngesandla Umatshini wokushicilela ilanga omnyama, "U20 Enkosi ngeKasseldown”. Kungekudala emva koko, UBukowski ubuyele eLos Angeles, edanile ngokupheleleyo yinkqubela yakhe encinci njengombhali, kungoko aqala ixesha le "minyaka elishumi yobunxila". Kweli nqanaba akazange apapashe, kodwa wavelisa i-ego eguqukayo awayeyisebenzisa kwiingxelo ezininzi ezintsomi: uHenry Chinaski.

Ezi zibhalo zibandakanya Ulungiso, iiJacaculations, iMiboniso kunye neeNdaba eziBanzi zoMdaka oQhelekileyo (Ngo-1972). Kuzo wenza ukuba kucace - ngokwamazwi athile abalulekileyo - indlela yakhe gwenxa. UBukowski wayeka ukunxila kuphela ngo-1955 ngenxa yesilonda esiswini, awayeyitolika njengophawu lokubuyela ekubhaleni. Ubukhulu becala, wazinikela kwimibongo.

Umtshato kunye nokuthatha umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala

Phakathi kuka-1955 no-1958 wayetshatile noBarbara Frye, awayehlala naye kwidolophana encinci eTexas. Emva koqhawulo-mtshato, uCharles wabuyela etywaleni eCalifornia kwaye waqhubeka nokubhala imibongo. Le mibhalo yaqala ukupapashwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950 kwimithombo yeendaba ezinje nge Ngokwesiqhelo (imagazini yobugcisa ye-avant-garde), I-Hearse Press o Ngaphandle, phakathi kwabanye.

Ukungcwaliswa okuqinisekileyo kukaBukowski kweza ngonyaka we-1969 ngenxa yokudibana kwakhe noJohn Martin, umhleli odumileyo Cinezela uNdlunkulu oMnyama. Ngenxa yoko, uCharles wakwazi ukuzinikela ngokusisigxina kwiileta kwaye ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yesibini-eposini, ikakhulu-ukuzixhasa. Nangona kunjalo, udumo lwakhe lokwenene lwafunyanwa eYurophu, hayi kumazwe akuMntla Merika.

Abafazi kubomi bukaBukowski

UBukowski wayehlala kwisancinza noFrances Smith kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowe-60, awayenentombi kunye naye (ngo-1964), uMarina Louise Bukowski. Kwakuloo nyaka waphehlelela ubuchule bokuyila imibongo emincinci kwilungu kunye neencwadana ezinesihloko esithi “Ibhokisi 1". Yayiyifomathi encinci eyayiquka imibongo edumileyo enje ngo “IPhepha kwi Umgangatho"Kwaye"Nkunkuma Basketball", phakathi kwabanye.

Ekupheleni kobudlelwane bakhe noSmith, wayehlala kubudlelwane obahlukeneyo bothando. Phakathi kwabo, lowo wayenaye noLinda King, imbongi kunye nomkroli. Abo ishishini batyisa isiseko samabali amafutshane, nemibongo ecaciswa nguBukowski phakathi kweminyaka yama-60 nama-70. Ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yale mibhalo, umbhali waseJamani-waseMelika kwathiwa "ngowesini"

Iminyaka edlulileyo

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, uBukowski wayenandipha igama elibalulekileyo kwilizwe lakhe laseJamani. Kamva, Ngexesha lama-80s, umbhali waseMntla Merika wabonisa ubuchule bakhe bokuzibandakanya ngokusebenzisana nokwandiswa kweekomikhi. Abafazi ababaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba lokugqibela lobomi bukaBukowski yayingu-Amber O'Neil (aka) noLinda Lee Beighle, awatshata naye ngo-1985.

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Pulp

Ngo-1986, iphephancwadi Maxesha wambiza ngokuba "liwonga laseMelika elisezantsi." Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala wabhala iinoveli ezintandathu. Owesithandathu -Pulp- yapapashwa ngaphambi nje kokuba asweleke ngo-Matshi 9, 1994, eSan Pedro, California.

Umsebenzi kaBukowski

Impembelelo kunye nelifa

UCharles Bukowski watsho kaninzi ukuba ezona mpembelelo zakhe zinkulu zezi: John Fante, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ernest Hemingway, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, UKnut Hamsun, uRobinson Jeffers, uDH Lawrence, uHenry Miller, uDu Fu, kunye noLi Bai. Ngokufanayo, ukubaluleka kwayo kwinkcubeko edumileyo yaseMelika akunakuphikwa.

Akumangalisi ukuba inani likaBukowski nomsebenzi wakhe ubonakalisiwe kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa (i-cinema, imidlalo yeqonga, umculo ...). Umzekelo, amaqela omculo Ipelepele ebomvu ebabayo, Yiwa ngaphandle nkwenkwe y Iimfene zase-Arctic. Ngokufanayo, Incwadana kaBukowski UHam kwiRye yenziwa imovie phantsi kolawulo lukaJames Franco kwi2013.

Iimpawu zemibongo Bukowski

UBukowski usebenzise umbalisi-mntu wokuqala ngombono ophantsi kwimibongo yakhe. Ngokulinganayo, Imibhalo yakhe ngumzekelo weklasikhi wendlela yesimanje, oko kukuthi, izakhiwo ngaphandle kweemetwork ezichaziweyo okanye izicengcelezo, ukusilela izikweko. Ngoku, kwimibongo emininzi wayesebenzisa imibhalo yokubhala. Ukongeza, wasebenzisa ukufana kwaye, ewe, ulwimi olungqongqo nolukrwada, oluqhelekileyo "lwelabafileyo."

Ezi mpawu ziyachukumiseka kumgca olandelayo wombongo “ihashe lamawaka angama-350 kunye nehenyukazi elinekhulu leedola"(Guqulela" kwihashe lama- $ 350 kunye nehenyukazi eli- $ XNUMX): «ujonga ujonge ujonge kwaye awukholwa"(" Ujongeka ujonge ujonge kwaye ujonge kwaye awukholwa "). Ukongeza, uBukowski wenza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zilandelayo kuchazwe apha ngezantsi:

• Izithethi.
• Izicwangciso ezingakholelekiyo okanye ezinobunzima.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwabalinganiswa abaphambili kunye nabachasi (okanye ukutshintsha ii-egos zabalinganiswa abaphambili). Umzekelo, kumbongo osihloko sithi "Malunga noMhlobo wam oPhatheke kakubi uPeter," umchasi nguPeter kwaye ophambili ngumpoporoli.
• Iingxabano eziphikisanayo. Oku kubonakala kumbongo okhankanywe kwinqaku elingaphambili, apho uPetros anqwenela ukuba nobomi obutofotofo njengombhali. Kodwa umbalisi uyenza icace into yokuba yinto engenakwenzeka ukuba nobabini (baphile ngokubhala kwaye babe nentlalontle).
• Ubukho okanye amangqina avela kwizithunzi. Kwimibongo yakhe abapapashi nabalinganiswa baqhelene nobumdaka bendawo eyoyikisayo neyona ilusizi.
• Kumbongo "ihashe lamawaka angama-350 kunye nehenyukazi elinekhulu leedola”Intatheli icacisa ukuba ayiyombongi. Ekugqibeleni, uyayitshintsha intetho yakhe emva kokulala nomntu wasetyhini, xa embuza ukuba wenzani ngokuphila.
• Kumbongo othi "Malunga nomhlobo wam owangcungcuthekiswayo, uPeter" umbalisi ubhekisa "kumculo olusizi" ngokubhekisele kubukrakra beemeko.
• Ngamaxesha athile, uBukowski wasebenzisa isimntwiso, ihaba, kunye neonomatopoeia kwimibongo yakhe.

Uluhlu lweeMbongo ezaziwa kakhulu zeBukowski

• Iintyatyambo, inqindi, kunye nesilumko esihle (1960).
• UCrucifix kwiNdawo yokuBulala (1965).
• KwiSitrato iTerror kunye neAgony Way (1968).
• Imibongo ebhalwe Phambi kokuba uphume ngaphandle kwiwindow enebali eli-8 (1968).
• Isampuli yeBukowski (1969).
• Iintsuku zibaleka njengamahashe asendle ngaphezulu kweenduli (1969).
• Isikhululo somlilo (1970).
• I-Mockingbird Ndinqwenela ithamsanqa (1972).
• Ukutsha emanzini, ukurhaxwa lilangatye: Imibongo ekhethiweyo 1955–1973 (1974).
• Mhlawumbi ngomso (1977).
• Uthando luyinja evela esihogweni (1977).
• Ukujinga kwiTournefortia (1981).
• Imfazwe ngalo lonke ixesha: Imibongo 1981-1984 (1984).
• Ufumana Wedwa Ngamaxesha Okuba Kukwenza Ingqondo Nje (1986).
• Igumbi lokuhlala laseMadrigals (1988).
• ISeptuagenarian Stew: Amabali kunye nemihobe (1990).
• Abantu imibongo (1991).
• Ubusuku bokugqibela bemiBongo yoMhlaba (1992).
• Ukubheja kwi-Muse: Imibongo kunye namabali (1996).

Iinoveli zikaBukowski

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Abafazi

Uninzi lwazo lubhekisa kwimikhwa yotywala, ukuthanda ukungcakaza, amaxesha akhe okungaqeshwa, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ekufuneka eyenzile kunye neninzi yabathandi. Nangona uBukowski ekwazile ukubonisa icala elibuthathaka. Ngesi sizathu wayengenangxaki yokuntywila kwiingxoxo zelahleko, uthando, ubunyani, uncwadi, kunye nomculo.

Uluhlu lweenoveli zeBukowski

• Ejongene nezokuxhumana (1971).
• IFactotum (1975).
• Women (1978).
• UHam kwiRye (1982).
• hollywood (1989).
• Pulp (1994).

Uluhlu lweeNcwadi zamaBali amaBukowski eziFutshane kunye nokuQokelelwa

• Ukuvuma kwendoda ephambeneyo kwanele ukuhlala nezilwanyana (1965).
• Zonke iiAssile eziseMhlabeni naseMayini (1966).
• Amanqaku endoda endala emdaka (1969).
• Ukulungiswa, i-Ejaculations, iMiboniso, kunye neNdaba eziqhelekileyo zoMdaka oQhelekileyo (1972).
• EMazantsi eNyakatho (1973).
• Amanzi ashushu Umculo (1983).
• Ndizisele uthando lwakho (1983).
• Iimbali zeMpambano eqhelekileyo (1983).
• Oyena Mfazi Mhle eKapa (1983).
• Ukuzama (obhalwe kunye noJack Micheline kunye noCatfish McDaris) (1997).
• Izahlulo ezivela kwiNcwadana enencasa yeWayini: Amabali amafutshane kunye neeMvavanyo (2008).
• Ukungabikho kweHero (2010).
• Amanqaku angakumbi endoda endala emdaka (2011).
• Ukusela (2019).

Iincwadi zikaBukowski kunye namabali angeyonyani

• UShakespeare akazange ayenze le nto (1979).
• Iileta zeBukowski / Purdy (1983).
• Ukukhwaza kwi-Balcony: Iileta ezikhethiweyo (1993).
• Ukuphila ngethamsanqa: Iileta ezikhethiweyo, iv. Mbini (1995).
• UKapteni uphumile ukuya kwisidlo sasemini kwaye oomatiloshe bayithathile inqanawa (1998).
• Fikelela elangeni: Iileta ezikhethiweyo, iv. 3 (1999).
• Ubusuku beBerspit kunye nesiqalekiso: Imbalelwano kaCharles Bukowski noSheri Martinelli (2001).
• Ukukhanya kwelanga apha ndilapha: Udliwanondlebe kunye nokudibana, ngo-1963-1993 (2003).