Eyaziwa ngegama lesidlaliso lobudoda likaVíctor Català, UCaterina Albert (1869-1966) wayengomnye wababhali benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ababeziintombi zexesha elingazange labelane noluhlu lwabafazi benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.. Wawugcina umyolelo wokudala owaba negalelo kwaye wakhuthaza, ukungena kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX, enye inkulungwane ezele lutshintsho nakwabasetyhini, nokuba ukwazile ukudibana nalo mbhali uphila ixesha elide.
UCaterina Albert wabhala ngolwimi lwesiCatalan kwaye yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuncwadi ngolu lwimi, ngakumbi ibali. Inoveli yakhe Ukuba wedwa (1905) ngoyena waziwayo. Ivunywa yi Umbutho wababhali kulwimi lwesiCatalan kwaye ukusuka apha siyakumema ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ngalo mbhali.
UCaterina Albert: umbhali
Wazalelwa e-l'Escala, e-Alt Empordà (Girona) ngo-1869., leyo intsimi yayisaziwa nguye kwaye yayingumxholo awayewubonakalisa rhoqo kwimisebenzi yakhe. Eyona idumileyo, efana iidrama zasemaphandleni (1902) kunye Ukuba wedwa (1905), bazobe ezo iidrama zasemaphandleni apho umoya wabantu basemaphandleni ubonakala khona. Kwakhona, uye waba nethamsanqa lokuba noyise amxhase kwiinzame zakhe zobugcisa.. Into eyenze lula umsebenzi woncwadi walo mbhali ngamaxesha anzima kuwo.
Umfundi obalaseleyo ukususela ebuntwaneni, waqala ukubhala esemncinane kakhulu.. Wayengumrhumi wopapasho oludumileyo lwenkcubeko ukumkanikazi yeengcamango eziphawulweyo zamaCatalan. Wayesoloko enomdla omkhulu kunye nokuqonda ekukhethweni kwezifundo zakhe kwaye wabhala iitekisi ze-cheeky kumxholo wexesha lakhe.
Wayengumntu, ukongezelela kuncwadi, ehlakulela imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, imizobo okanye imizobo. Kodwa kuncwadi apho umsebenzi wakhe wabonakaliswa, owahlulwe waba yingxelo (iinoveli kunye namabali), imibongo kunye nethiyetha. Wayeyonwabela impumelelo nangona wayengahoywa njengombhali wemidlalo yeqonga. Kwafuneka ajongane nomfanekiso womfazi wekhaya ongazange atshate nomsebenzi woncwadi. Nangona kunjalo, amandla akhe njengombhali ayexhokonxa ukungakholelwa kwabo babemgxeka kakhulu.
Wayelilungu leRoyal Academy yeeleta ezilungileyo zaseBarcelona (I-Royal Academy ye-Bones Letters yase-Barcelona), iziko elasekwa ngo-1729, laza lathiywa igama leAsethi yeNkcubeko yaseSpain kunye neLifa leMbali yaseSpain. Wasweleka eneminyaka engama-97 ngo-1966. Ungcwatywe kumangcwaba amadala ase-Escala.
ngomsebenzi wakhe
Umsebenzi wakhe kufuneka uhambelane nemeko yale mihla kwaye wayesazi ukuba angalithatha njani ithuba lokuqhambuka kwendalo kade yoncwadi eSpeyin. Enyanisweni, i-naturalism sisixhobo esinamandla sokujongana nokusingqongileyo, eyona nto iphambili yomsebenzi ka-Albert. Ukulandela umgca wendalo, Umbono ka-Albert ukhohlakele kwaye ukrwada malunga nezinto zasemaphandleni, abemi bayo, kunye nekamva kunye nekamva labasetyhini.. Iqaqambisa i-determinism enomdla ebonisa i-naturalism. Yiyo loo nto ikamva kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kuya kuhlala kuhleli emsebenzini wakhe.
Ikwajongana nemiba efana nesikhundla sabasetyhini kuluntu kunye nomzabalazo wabo malunga nosapho lwabo, isimilo kunye nenkululeko yabasebenzi. Ubundlobongela, impambano kunye nokubulawa kwabantu zeminye imiba egqamileyo kwiincwadi zakhe. Y Isimbo sakhe sokubhala sahlelwa bhile. Wabhala ngokukhawuleza oko kwakulindeleke kumfazi kunye wayigcina ithoni evuselelayo kunye nentsha kumsebenzi wakhe owawuzalisa ngamandla amakhulu okuvakalisa, inkalo ephawulekayo kwiincwadi zakhe.
UCaterina Albert wayesoloko efuna ukuzinikela ekwenzeni iqonga, enye yeentlobo awayenomdla kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe wabandakanyeka kwihlazo kunye ne-monologue ukubulawa komntwana (1898) okwabangela ukuba angathenjwa kunye nenkcaso yabantu bemidlalo yeqonga bexesha lakhe. UCaterina Albert uya kuthi emva koko anikele kwimizamo yakhe yokubalisa.
Njengoko wayenobomi obude, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala (imibongo, amabali kunye neenoveli) ziye zaqulunqwa kwi-modernism ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kunye nefuthe elikhulu lendalo. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uthatha yonke isiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ngesi sizathu, umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi ukususela kumashumi okuqala eminyaka enkulungwane yama-XNUMX (ibali elisisiseko, elinamabali kunye neenoveli), ukuya kuthi ga kwimfazwe yamakhaya kunye nexesha lasemva kwemfazwe nalo kufuneka ligxininiswe. Ezinye zeengxoxo zakhe zazixatyiswa njengeziqwengana zemidlalo yeqonga kwaye ziye zamelwa.
Umsebenzi wakhe uguqulelwe kwiSpanish, isiNgesi, isiJamani, isiTaliyane, isiFrentshi, isiEsperanto, isiFlemish, isiDatshi, isiRomania nesiCzech.
Imisebenzi ephambili kaCaterina Albert
- iidrama zasemaphandleni (1902) Yenziwe yingqokelela yamabali acwangciswe kwimo engqongileyo yendalo yasemaphandleni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.
- Ukuba wedwa (1905). Inoveli. ngolwimi lwesiSpanish Isizungu. Ikwangumdlalo wasemaphandleni, apho imixholo eyayikhathaza uCaterina Albert malunga nabasetyhini ivela kwiingxaki zokuziphatha, ukuba ngumama kunye nokuzimela ngokwesini kwabasetyhini inkululeko. Ubulolo, ngokuqinisekileyo, buya kuba ngomnye umxholo omkhulu walo msebenzi.
- Incwadi emhlophe, i-polychrome, i-triptych (1905): iseti yemibongo.
- caires vius (1907): ingqokelela yamabali ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yanamhlanje.
- Ifilimu (iimitha ezingama-3000) (1926). Inoveli apho impembelelo kunye nencasa yobugcisa obutsha obufikayo, i-cinematographic, ibonakala.
- iicontralum (1930). Uthotho olutsha lwe-anthology yamabali amafutshane.
- Isibingelelo (1944). Yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane eSpanish.
- KaMoses (1946) Yiyo mosaic yamanqaku abhalwa ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngumbhali ukuchaza imeko yakhe njengowasetyhini nombhali. Umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-autobiographical.
- INtlokoma (1951) yenye ingqokelela ebalulekileyo yamabali.
- Ngowe-1951 yakhe Gqibezela imisebenzi kuhlelo Khetha.
- Ngo-2005 wavela emva kokufa Hardware. Iwaka le-adagis ukufunda isigama. Lukhetho lwezaci, okanye izivakalisi ezifutshane ezinomlinganiswa ofundisayo. Bakhethwa baza bandiswa ngumtshana kaCaterina Albert, uLluís Albert.