U-Annie Ernaux uphumelele iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi ngowama-2022

Ophumeleleyo Ibhaso likaNobel kuNcwadi Ibhengezwa ngoLwesine wokuqala ka-Oktobha. Lo ka-2022 sele sinaye onethamsanqa ophumelele elona xabiso liphezulu loncwadi. Ungumfazi kwaye ungoweshumi elinesixhenxe ukuyifumana. Igama lakhe ngu-Annie Ernaux, umbhali waseFransi owaziwa ngokupapasha kwakhe..

Abafundi abaninzi abathetha iSpanish sele besazi ukuba ngubani, kuba eSpain yaziwa kakhulu kwaye iyafundwa. Abathandi bakhe babemangalisiwe ngokuyinxenye kwaye ngokuyinxenye bengenjalo, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko uvuyo olukhulu. Ukusuka apha sikuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomfazi owahlukileyo kunye ne Ibhaso likaNobel kuNcwadi 2022.

Ukudibana no-Annie Ernaux

UAnnie Ernaux uneminyaka engama-82 ubudala. Wazalelwa eLillebonne, eFransi, ngowe-1940. Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni waba nomdla wokubhala kwaye waqala amabali angeyonyani awayeza kuwashiya kungekudala ngenxa yokuba wayesoloko enomdla wokubalisa amava akhe. Yintoni eyayiza kuqala ngamava e-autobiographical kamva yayiza kutshintsha ibe yi-autofiction athe wawongwa ngayo.

Inyaniso yokuzalwa kwintsapho esebenzayo yayibalulekile kumsebenzi wakhe., kude nezangqa zengqondo ezazinokumkhuthaza ukuba aphuhlise imixholo ye-elitist. Ngokuchasene noko, amabali akhe aqala kwivenkile ethengisa ukutya eyayiqhutywa ngabazali bakhe. Amanye amava akwisinye ibikukusebenza njenge iau pair eLondon ngeminyaka yee-60.

Emva koko, eFransi, wafunda kwiYunivesithi yaseRouen ukufumana isidanga kuncwadi. Wayengutitshala wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo waza kamva wawandisa umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa kwiZiko leMfundo yoMgama (CED). Ngale ndlela, wadibanisa ukufundisa nokubhala de wayishiya eyokuqala ngo-2000. Ebepapasha ezona ziganeko zifanelekileyo zobomi bakhe ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-70, eyamenza wangumntu; iziganeko ezabelwana ngabafazi abaninzi bale mihla.

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-70, uhlala eCergy-Pontoise, isixeko esiziikhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka eParis. oko kumvumela ukuba abe nobomi, uyachaza, ngaphandle kokuzimisela, ekubeni sisixeko esitsha esingenambali yamandulo esibeka abemi baso. Indlela yokubonakalisa efana neyomsebenzi wakhe, othi ngandlel’ ithile ifune inkululeko yomntu ngaphandle kweemeko.

Kutheni uye wawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel loNcwadi lowama-2022?

Umsebenzi wakhe uye wavela ngendlela awayehambela phambili ngayo kumendo wobomi. Wabhala ngomama wakhe (Ibhinqa), malunga nabazali babo ngembono yeklasi (Indawo, i honte), ubutsha bakhe (Andikuthandi), ubomi bakhe bomtshato (la femme gelee), ukuqhomfa kwakhe (Umsitho) okanye umhlaza wamabele awayenawo (Ukusetyenziswa kwefoto).

Imixholo eluka umsebenzi ka-Annie Arneux ngabasetyhini, ukuqonda kodidi, iperiphery kunye nesithako sezentlalo, ukubandezeleka kunye nokufunda okubalulekileyo. Umsebenzi woncwadi ka-Ernaux uba ngamava ekwabelwana ngawo ngenxa yelizwi lombhali wawo.

Ngendlela efanayo aphila ngayo kwaye anqobe ukuhlaselwa kobomi, abafundi bakhe bayazi ukuba kukho imvakalelo eqhelekileyo kwabaninzi; Kanye njengokuba ezikhulula ngemibhalo yakhe, ukhulula inxalenye yabantu. U-Annie Ernaux uyayazi indlela yokwaphula i-taboos ngokulula nangendalo.

Kwelinye icala, kukho umahluko phakathi kwe-autofiction kunye ne-autobiography. Uye wakrola umendo wegolide kwinkcazo ebalisayo yobomi bakhe ngemixholo eyahlukeneyo kunye neengxoxo. Nangona kunjalo, u-Annie Ernaux akazibhali iitekisi ze-autobiographical, ubhala i-autofiction kuba idala ukuhambelana nomfundi, uhlobo lwesivumelwano apho samkelwa ukuba umxholo wokufunda uyinyani, kodwa kukho ukuguqulwa kunye neelayisensi. intsomi engekhoyo kumsebenzi we-autobiographical. Ingaba i ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha yobomi.

U-Ernaux unombulelo ngokweemvakalelo ngeli bhaso, kodwa Uthi uxanduva analo phambi koluntu nobulungisa ngoku lukhulu kunangaphambili. I-Akhademi yaseSweden, ngokuqaphela umsebenzi kunye negalelo lakhe, nantsi into ayithethileyo:

Ngobukroti kunye neklinikhi acuity apho afumanisa iingcambu, i-estrangements kunye nemiqobo edibeneyo yememori yomntu.

Umsebenzi wakhe: ezinye iingcebiso

Umsebenzi kaErnaux uye watyhutyha eSpeyin kwaye uguqulelwe iminyaka. Idlule kubavakalisi abakhulu abanjengo IBarral emithandathu o Iimpawu. Kodwa ngumvakalisi omncinane Cabaret Voltaire ngubani onelungelo lomsebenzi we-Premio N entshaobel yoncwadi. Iindaba ezimnandi zolu mhleli okholelwa ukuba iindaba ziya kuba nefuthe elihle kakhulu kwinkampani; olunye uhlobo lokusesikweni olufana nolo lwabacinezelweyo okanye abalawulwa nguErnaux athetha ngalo kwiincwadi zakhe. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• iikhabhathi ezingenanto (1974). U-Ed. Cabaret Voltaire, 2022. Le noveli yokuqala iphonononga ubomi bomfazi osemtsha owarhaxwa yimvelaphi ethobekileyo ephawulwa kukuswela uqeqesho nolwazi. Le ncwadi iseyinoveli ngakumbi.
• umfazi engumkhenkce (1981). U-Ed. Cabaret Voltaire, 2015. Ngokuphoxeka koontanga abangamadoda, indlela abaqhubela phambili ngayo batyhola i-machismo kunye nenkululeko yeenkolelo eziqhelekileyo.
• Indawo (1983). U-Ed. Iimpawu, 2002. Ukucamngca kosapho malunga nokuqaphela udidi nophuculo ekusukeleni impumelelo.
• Umfazi (1987). U-Ed. Cabaret Voltaire, 2020. Isini kunye nodidi lwentlalo luhamba kunye kule ncwadi. Umama ka-Ernaux ungumdlali oyintloko kunye nomfanekiso weqela.
• Iintloni (1997). U-Ed. Iimpawu, 1999. Imbali yentsapho yaseDuchesne ngonyaka we-1952.
• Umsitho (2000). U-Ed. Iimpawu, 2001. Enye yeencwadi ezinzima zombhali apho athetha ngokuqhomfa.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwefoto (2005). U-Ed. Cabaret Voltaire, 2018. Enye incwadi apho u-Ernaux akhululayo kwakhona ukuze asixelele ngomhlaza wakhe webele.