Ngena kubomi nomsebenzi wombhali ozelwe eGranada UFederico Garcia Lorca Ngummangaliso wokwenene, kuba into entsha ihlala ifunyanwa. Namhlanje size ukwenza kanye le nto: phanda, ungene nzulu komnye wemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu. Sihlalutya ngokufutshane umsebenzi "Uthando lwamaGypsy" ukusuka ku-FG Lorca, uza kuhlala nathi?
"Uthando lwamaGypsy"
Umsebenzi wemibongo "Uthando lwamaGypsy" yabhalwa kwaye epapashwe yimbongi uFederico García Lorca kwi nyaka 1928 Kwaye ukwenziwa kweeroma ezili-18, ezinemixholo ejikeleze umhlaba wasentsomini wee-gypsies, ujongene nemixholo njengendawo yonke njengendawo emanyumnyezi ehamba nathi sonke ngephanyazo ebomini bethu, ukukhathazeka kwezinto ezinqwenelekayo kodwa ezingafumanekiyo. , ukuziva unetyala lokuziva nokwenza izinto ezithile, njl.
Ibinzana lesihobe kulo msebenzi libonisa ukungqinelana kwesizukulwana esidumileyo sika -27, apho iinkqubo kunye neenjongo zobuqu zixutywe nezikweko ze-avant-garde, kubandakanya nokungabiyiyo into efana nembongi yaseGranada, efana neyabo iisimboli zendalo iphela.
Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukufunda lo msebenzi ubalaseleyo kungekudala, sicebisa ukuba ungaqhubeki nokufunda okwangoku. Asifuni ukukutyhilela nantoni na! Buyela apha xa ugqibile ukufunda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sele uyifundile kwaye ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuyihlalutya nathi, qhubeka ufunda.
Ukufa kuka-Antoñito, el Camborio
Kulo msebenzi udumileyo, ii-gypsies zifumana ubukhulu bentsomi: zimele inkululeko yenkululeko Ukulwa nemilinganiselo emiselweyo kunye nesiphelo. U-Lorca, ugxila kuzo zonke ezona mpawu zininzi zabantu (isidima, amandla, njl intlekele Oku kugcinelwe yena, okusayoyisa kwaye koyise ngokufa okungenakuphepheka.
Okwangoku, siza kubona isimilo se UAntoñito, waseCamborio njenge-archetype ye-gypsy purebred.
Ukuthanda isohlwayo esimnyama
Ukusuka kungqubano phakathi komnqweno wenkululeko nokufa, ukuphazamiseka okunzulu kuvela ukuba ii-gypsies zibize "Isohlwayo esimnyama". Olu hlalutyo kunye nenkcazo yeemvakalelo zesigypsy "isohlwayo esimnyama" zivakala kwincwadi yakhe nguSoledad Montoya, kwaye sinokuva ukubandezeleka kwakhe kwezi vesi zilandelayo sizibeka ngezantsi
… _Soledad: hlamba umzimba wakho
ngamanzi e-lark,
ushiye intliziyo yakho
ngoxolo, uSoledad Montoya.
Emazantsi omlambo ucula:
iflaya yesibhakabhaka kunye namagqabi.
Ngeentyatyambo zeethanga
ukukhanya okutsha kuthweswe isithsaba.
Owu iintloni kwiiGypsies!
Isohlwayo esicocekileyo kwaye uhlala uwedwa.
Oo, ubufihliwe umlambo
Nasekuzeni kokusa.
Imixholo ejongene neeGypsy Ballads
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iiGypsy Ballads ziyaziwa ngokuthetha ngesihloko esisetyenzisiweyo esincinci njengehlabathi le-gypsy, inyani yile Ayisiyiyo kuphela into umbhali athi, UFederico García Lorca, uyakwenza oko. Ngapha koko, kuzo zonke i-18 zothando ezenza iRomancero sinokufumana izihloko ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka zaziwe.
Eyona iphambili yeyokuba ingcinezelo, impatho-mbi kunye nobomi be-gypsies, Abantu abasoloko behleli kwimida yoluntu kwaye behlisiwe kwaye bafanelekile banezichazi ezimbi okanye ezimbi kwindlela yabo yokuphila.
Ngesi sizathu, uLorca usebenza kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo kwimibongo yakhe, ebazisa ngayo, njengenyaniso ye umzabalazo oqhubekayo negunya lengcinezelo, ukungqubana, intengiso yoluntu, njl. Konke oku kugxile ekunikeni ubomi kunye nelizwi kuluntu oluncinci olwaziwayo nolungathandekiyo njengama-gypsies. Inyaniso kukuba umbhali ngokwakhe uthetha ngendlela amagama amakhulu kwezobugcisa, ezo zezesizwe samaGypsy.
Nangona kunjalo, into edla ngokuphawuleka kakhulu yile, ukongeza kwimiba ye-gypsies, uLorca Wenza nendawo yabasetyhini emsebenzini wakhe. Umlinganiswa ommeleyo kule meko nguSoledad Montoya, okwabizwa ngokuba yi «gypsy nun», kwaye yinto enokuthi ichazwe njenge «mfazi wokwenene» kwii-gypsies.
Ewe, kuzo zonke ezothando, zininzi imixholo ephambili, enjengothando, ukufa, iyantlukwano ... Konke oku kulawulwa zii-gypsies, kodwa eneneni umbhali uyakwazi ukuyikhuphela kwezinye iindawo.
Ukwahlulwa kwezothando: imixholo emibini eyahluke kakhulu
UEl Romancero Gitano yenye yeencwadi zikaLorca awaqala ukuyibhala ngo-1924 yaza yapapashwa ngo-1928. Singathetha ngayo njengeminye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yombhali, ngolwimi olusekelwe kwizikweko, iisimboli namabali. Ewe kunjalo, kuyabonakala ukwenza i-gypsy kunye ne-Andalusian culture yaziwa, ngaphandle kokuyityeshela eminye imiba.
ULorca isebenza kwiibhaladi zakhe zegypsy ezilandela ezi izikhokelo zothando lwesintu, Oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa iingxoxo ngaphandle kokwazisa izenzi okanye ukuthi ngubani othethayo. Ukongeza, ibali elixelwayo alinantshayelelo, yinto eqala ngequbuliso kwaye enokwenza i-aura yemfihlakalo ejikeleze ibali. Yiyo loo nto zonke ezothando zikaLorca zibonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa iifomyula zokubalisa eziqhelekileyo, i-anaphora, ukuphindaphinda kunye nesimboli esithandwa kakhulu yimbongi.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, yenziwe ngothando olu-18. Kodwa zonke ezi azijikelezi ngokupheleleyo malunga ne-gypsy world, kodwa zimbini iintlobo zothando ezinokufunyanwa zahlulwe yile nto uLorca afuna ukukuxelela ngayo.
Ke, une:
Ukuthandana 1 ukuya ku-15
Zezi ijolise ngqo kwii-gypsies. Kodwa kuzo kukho nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokufa, abafazi, njl. Ngapha koko, ezintlanu zeli qela lemibongo zigxile kubafazi. Sithetha ngale: Precious nomoya; Ukulala ngokuthandana, iGypsy Nun; indlu engathembekanga; kunye nokuthandana kwesohlwayo esimnyama. Ngamnye kubo unikezela umbono wesifundo esifana nothando, uthando, unxunguphalo okanye usizi.
Kwangelo xesha, zikhona ezinye ezothando ezinembali yazo yeyama-gypsies anesiphelo esibuhlungu, njengokufa kuka-Antoñito el Camborio; Ingxabano; o Ukuthandana kwabalindi baseSpain.
Okokugqibela, uya kufumana ezothando zintathu umbhali azinikezele kwizixeko ezithathu zaseAndalusi. Zezi: IGranada (eneSan Miguel); USeville (kunye noSan Gabriel); kunye neCórdoba (kunye neSan Rafael).
Ukuthandana 16 ukuya ku-18
Izithandani ezintathu zokugqibela zeGypsy Ballads azihambelani kangako neegypsies, kodwa kunoko Bayathetha amanani ezembali. Umzekelo, lowo kaMartirio de Santa Olalla, uthetha ngeRoman Andalusia, kwaye ujongene nobomi baseSanta Eulalia de Mérida.
Ngokwelinye icala, ugculela uDon Pedro ngehashe, usibuyisela kumaXesha Aphakathi, apho athetha ngothando, ukungabikho kwalo, kunye neenqanawa ezilibalekileyo.
Okokugqibela, uThamar noAmnon bamalunga nebali eliseBhayibhileni kunye nothando lomtshato kunye nothando lwabantakwabo ababini.
Kunokuthiwa, nangona bejongana nemixholo ebikhe yabonwa kwezothando zangaphambili, yahluke kakhulu kwinto eyayiphathwa ngayo kwincwadi kaLorca kwaye ngokungathi ndibeka ezothando zontathu, ngandlela thile, zazingenanto yakwenza noku kungasentla (nangona, njengoko sisitsho, bajongana nemicimbi efanayo).
Isimboli kwiiGypsy Ballads
Ukugqiba, sikushiya apha yintoni isimboli oyifumana kwiiGypsy Ballads kunye nentsingiselo enikezelwa yimbongi kwezo mpawu. Ezinye zazo zisetyenziselwa eminye imisebenzi, kodwa kukho ezinye ezizodwa kule.
Phakathi kwazo kukho:
Isigypsy
Umntu we-gypsy unokuba njalo ukutolika njengendlela yokuphila, nendlela engqubana ngayo "nesiqhelo" kunye noluntu oluqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwemizamo yokuziqhelanisa noluntu kunye nokuhlala ngoxolo nabo, uyasilela kwaye ubangele ikamva lakhe liphele kakubi.
Inyanga
KuLorca, inyanga ineentsingiselo ezininzi, kodwa inyani kukuba kule meko eyona nto ibalulekileyo yeyokuba uphawu lokufa.
Inkunzi
Nangona inkunzi yenkomo iluphawu lwamandla, ukomelela, nobukroti. Eyona njongo yoku kukufa kwaye ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo, kodwa kufuneka alwe ukuze aphile, ekugqibeleni, nantoni na ayenzayo, adlule.
Ke ngoko, ngenxa kaLorca, une uphawu olubi. Ingathi inkunzi ithathiwe ubomi bayo. Kwaye yile ndlela ayimelayo ngayo kwezothando.
Ihashe
Ihashe yenye yeempawu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu nguFederico García Lorca kwimisebenzi yakhe emininzi. Kwaye kule meko uthetha ngehashe eliphuma kwindoda eyindoda, enobungqingili, eyomeleleyo yokujonga, ezele luthando.
Yile ndlela ayimelayo ngayo, kodwa kwanolo thando luhlala lukhokelela ekufeni, kwisiphelo esibi esiphela ngaphandle kokufezekisa oko akulangazelelayo.
Imela, iimela, iimela
Kuzo zonke iiGypsy Ballads, ezinye izinyithi zikhankanyiwe njengeemela, imijukujelwa, njl. Zonke zizinto ezifuzisela ukufa kombhali. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba sithetha ngento ebangela iintlungu kwaye inokubulala.
Nangona kunjalo, zikhona nezinye izinyithi ezifana nesilivere okanye igolide, kunye nobhedu okanye ubhedu. Ezokuqala ezimbini ziimpawu ezintle zikaLorca; Kwelinye icala, ezinye ezimbini, zinika intsingiselo eyahluke kwaphela, kuba uzisebenzisa ukubonisa uhlobo lolusu umntu (okanye iqela) analo.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda into elungileyo malunga noGarcia Lorca, sicebisa ukuba ufunde le «Romancero Gitano», enye yezona zibalaseleyo ngumbhali owazalelwa eGranada.