Romance

Zininzi iintlobo zoncwadi, ezinye zaziwa ngcono kunezinye. Kwaye ngaphakathi kwimibongo, kunye nokubalisa, sinokufumana uthando.

Kodwa, Yintoni ukuthandana Lubonakala ngantoni? Kutheni zimbini? Ngaba kukho ababhali abakhulu kwezothando? Konke oku nokunye okuninzi siza kukuthetha nawe ngokulandelayo.

Yintoni ukuthandana

Igama elithi ukuthandana libhekisela iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, zombini ezoncwadi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye zahlukile phakathi kwazo. Kwaye ungafumana:

• Umbongo. Oku kwakuqhelekile kwisithethe somlomo saseSpain, nangona sinokufumaneka eMzantsi Melika. Isekwe ekudibaniseni ii-octosyllables ezinemvano-siphelo kwimvumelwano yeevesi.
• Ingxelo. Oko kukuthi, ibali elide ngokwaneleyo apho ibali lehlabathi elicingelwayo laxelelwa apho abalinganiswa bahlala khona "iimeko ezimangalisayo nezingaqhelekanga".

Ukuqukumbela, singathetha nawe ngezothando ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ukuyenza icace ngakumbi, siza kubaphuhlisa ngezantsi.

Ezothando njengombongo

Ezothando, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, eneneni ngumbongo. Yayibalasele kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswe, kwisithethe saseSpain, sase-Iberia kunye nesiLatin American kunye nesaziwayo ngakumbi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Ngapha koko, eyokuqala apho kukho ubungqina (kuba ayaziwa ukuba babekho ngaphambili), nguJaume Olessa, ukusukela ngo-1421.

Kwaye yintoni uphawu ukuthandana imibongo? Kulungile sithetha ngayo Imibongo ebalisayo, ekhulelwe ukuba iculwe zii-troubadours okanye ii-minstrels. Babalisa ibali elinomxholo owahlukileyo, kunye nezingqisho ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo abahlala kuyo.

Iimpawu zothando

Lo mbongo ubonakala ngokwenziwa ngokwamaqela eevesi. Inye kwezi ndinyana inamalungu angama-8 kunye nezicengcelezo ezingqinelanayo. Ukongeza, kuqhelekile ukudibana Ukuphindaphinda kwamabinzana (isingqisho), ukusebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo amaxesha ezenzi, ukwenza umahluko, kunye nokuphela ngesiquphe, ngokungathi kunqunyulwe ngesiquphe.

Ezinye izinto zezi zilandelayo:

• Isithethe sayo somlomo. Ayifanele ilibale ukuba ezi zothando "zaziculwa" okanye zibaliswa ngabadlali beengoma kunye ne-troubadours, yiyo loo nto ababhali bengaziwa kuba akukho mntu wabhala into abayithethileyo. Kungenxa yeso sizathu le nto ungafumana, kumbongo ofanayo wothando, iinguqulelo ezininzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani owamameleyo okanye indawo eyayiculwa kuyo.
• Ukulandelelana kunye nengxoxo zixubekile. Oku kuqhelekile kwimibongo, kodwa apha inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwezothando. Ngapha koko, kukho iifomyula eziphindaphindwayo kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo yezothando, enje ngala: "Apho wathetha ... uyakuva ukuba uzakuthini", okanye "Wamphendula ... impendulo enjalo wayinikwa.
• Ijolise kumzuzwana othile. Ayilombali eqala ngokubala ukusuka ekuqaleni, kodwa ijolise kwinto okanye isenzo ukuxelela okwenzekayo. Nangona kunjalo, iphela ngesiquphe, ishiya nemfihlakalo yokungazi ukuba yintoni umphumo wale nto ayixeleleyo.
• Inemithombo eliqela. Umzekelo, ukuphindaphinda, ii-anaphoras, ukufana, ukuphinda-phinda, imifanekiso yeemvakalelo, izifaniso ...

Iindidi

Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu loncwadi, sinokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zothando, kuxhomekeka kwindlela esizibalela ngayo.

Ukuba kungenxa yokulandelelana kwayo, sifumana iintlobo ezimbini:

• Iibhaladi ezindala. Yeyona "yoqobo" kunye "nesiko lezothando." Ababhali bayo abaziwa kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine neyeshumi elinesihlanu, ngomlomo.
• Iibhaladi ezintsha. Kule meko, yimibongo eyavela phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX. Apha siyabazi abanye ababhali abanjengoAntonio Machado, uQuevedo, uCervantes, uLuis de Góngora, uJuan Ramón Jiménez ...

Ukuba sithetha ngomxholo, ezothando zinokuhlelwa njenge:

• Ezothando zembali. Njengoko igama labo libonisa, baxela imbali okanye umlando odumileyo, ngakumbi onxulumene nexesha eliphakathi leSpanish. Ezinye zezona zaziwa kakhulu ngu-El Cid, Ukufa kweNkosana uJuan, uBernardo del Carpio ...
• Iimvano zothando. Ezi zothando ziphethe ukuba bubungqina bamaqhawe embali, yiyo loo nto iCharlemagne, idabi laseRoncesvalles, okanye iingoma zezenzo zinokuwela kolu luhlu.
• Imida. Eli gama libhekisa kuloo mathuba enzeka kumda waseSpain. Enye yezona zaziwa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yileyo yomlo ophumeleleyo ngokuchasene namaSilamsi.
• Ezothando. Uphefumlelwe yintsomi yaseSpain, ufumana imixholo eyahlukeneyo, kodwa uhlala uyintsomi, kwaye usekwe ekuthobeleni nabani na oyiculayo okanye ayibalise.
• Ukuthandana ngokwesiko okanye ngokungaboni. Yeyona nto yothando. Abo bathetha ngokuxhaphaza abaphangi, imimangaliso, ulwaphulo-mthetho. Enye yezona zidumileyo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yezo zikaFrancisco Esteban.

U mzekelo

Ukuba usenamathandabuzo malunga nokuba yintoni ukuthandana kwimibongo, okanye isakhiwo asicacanga kuwe, masibone ngemizekelo esikushiya apha ngezantsi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo, eyona yokwenene ingu-octasyllable (kukho ezinye ezazine-romancillos, ezineevesi ezi-hexasyllable; isimbonono sothando, ezazinee-heptasyllable;

Xa ukusa kusandivusa 8-

iinkumbulo zezinye iialbas 8a

Bazalwa ngokutsha esifubeni sam 8-

ezazingamathemba. 8a

Ndifuna ukulibala usizi 8-

Okuhlisa, lihlwempu iSpain, 8a

Umngqibi obulalayo 8-

kwintlango yekhaya lakho. 8a

Isikhunta somngundo 8-

niyathengisa, bazalwana, izibilini 8a

yegazi eliphekwe ulala ubuthongo 8-

esebenza njengomphefumlo wakho. 8a

UMiguel de Unamuno

Ukuqala usuku 8-

esi sixeko, esele sine-8a

Igama leCiudad Real, 8-

wajoyina i-master gallant master 8a

amawaka amabini abantwana abane-lucid 8-

Abalungiseleli bakhe abanobukroti, 8a

kwaye amakhulu amathathu ngehashe 8-

yabantu nje abaqhelekileyo neefriyari…. 8a

ILope de Vega. Umthombo wamanzi

Luhlaza ndikuthanda uluhlaza 8-

umoya oluhlaza. Amasebe aluhlaza. 8a

Inqanawa elwandle 8-

Kwaye nehashe entabeni. 8a

Ngomthunzi esinqeni 8-

Uphupha ngokuthuka kwakhe, 8a

inyama eluhlaza, iinwele eziluhlaza, 8-

Ngamehlo esilivere ebandayo. 8a

Luhlaza ndikuthanda uluhlaza 8-

phantsi kwesilivere yegypsy, 8a

izinto zijonge kuye 8-

kwaye abanakho ukuzijonga. 8a

UFederico Garcia Lorca

Ukuthandana njengebali

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithandana njengengxelo. Kwaziwa njenge «roman», yi Ibali elide leprose elijongana nebali lehlabathi elithelekelelwayo. Kuwo, bobabini abalinganiswa kunye neemeko, ukutsho nje okuncinci, ziyamangalisa kwaye aziqhelekanga.

Imvelaphi yayo isusela kumaXesha Aphakathi aphezulu, inkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, xa isiLatin savela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kubukhosi bamandulo baseRoma. Yiyo loo nto ebize la maqela olwimi lwesiRoma; Ngelixa abo bagcina ulwimi lwesiLatin baxelelwa ukuba yinkcubeko ephezulu. Xa imisebenzi yesiLatin yaqala ukuguqulelwa kwiilwimi zaseRoma, amagama athi enromanzier, romanzare, ukusuka apho ukuya kwiromanz, romant, okanye romanzo kwavela.

Kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, zombini ibali lothando kunye nemibongo zothando zahlala kunye. Kodwa lo mbongo wawubaluleke kangangokuba ibali lathabatha elinye igama ukuze lingabhidanisi. Yayiyintoni? Ewe, sithetha nge "novella", igama elithetha "ubutsha", nelalifanekisela olu thando njengebali "elifutshane" kwinto entsha nenomdla.

Enyanisweni, eSpain olu hlobo lwalubizwa ngokuba yinoveli okanye incwadi, Ayizange ifumane isiqinisekiso "sothando" njengoko besenzile kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.