I-Biography kaMiguel Delibes

IMiguel Delibes wayengumlobi owaziwayo waseSpain owazalwa ngo-1920 kwidolophu yaseCastilian yaseValladolid. Eqeqeshwe ngokuzinzileyo kwaye enemisebenzi emibini emva kwakhe njengoMthetho noRhwebo, uDelibes ubambe izikhundla ezibalulekileyo kumaphephandaba, waba ngumlawuli wephephandaba i-El Norte de Castilla apho aqala khona ukupapasha.

UDelibes wayeyindoda enomdla kuyo yayisaziwa kubo bonke kwaye phakathi kwayo sifumana ukuzingela kunye nebhola ekhatywayo. Ukuzingelwa kubonakala kwiinoveli zakhe ezininzi, kugxininisa umsebenzi omkhulu "Los Santos inocentes", ethi kamva yathathwa ngokukhethekileyo yaya kumdlalo bhanyabhanya ngokudlala kakuhle kukaPaco Rabal kwindima yeAzariya kunye nebhola ekhatywayo yayingumxholo wamanqaku ahlukeneyo Umbhali wanika ifomu boncwadi ukuba wathandabuze ezemidlalo entle.

Ukwahlulahlula kwakuyinto exhaphake kakhulu kuDelibes, owonyulwa njengelungu leRoyal Academy ngo-1973 nowafumana amabhaso amaninzi, kubandakanya neMbasa yeSizwe yoNcwadi, iBhaso labaGxeki, iNational Literature Award, INkosana yeAsturias okanye iiCervantes.

Okokugqibela kwaye eneminyaka engama-89 uDelibes wasweleka ngo-2010 ngo Valladolid, isixeko esasimbonile ezalwa.

Iincwadi zikaMiguel Delibes

UMiguel Delibes wayeyindoda enesidima xa kufikwa ekubhaleni. Ezona zaziwayo zombhali ziinoveli, eyokuqala kuzo "Isithunzi somsipres sandisiwe", eyafumana ibhaso. Nangona kunjalo, nangona wapapasha iinoveli ukusuka ngo-1948, inyani yile Uye wapapasha amabali aliqela, iincwadi zokuhamba, iincwadi zokuzingela, izincoko kunye namanqaku. Abanye baziwa ngakumbi kunabanye, kodwa phantse zonke aziyi kuqatshelwa ngenxa yeenoveli zabo.

Enye ye Iimpawu zepeni kaMiguel Delibes ngokungathandabuzekiyo sisakhono anaso sokwakha abalinganiswa. Ezi ziqinile kwaye zithembekile ngokugqibeleleyo, ezenza ukuba umfundi avelane nazo kwasekuqaleni. Ukongeza, ukuba ngumbhali oneliso elibukhali, wayenokuphinda enze into awayeyibonile ngokuyibumba ngendlela ayithandayo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nenyaniso ayifaka kuyo imisebenzi yakhe.

Phakathi kweencwadi ezaziwayo zombhali sinokuqaqambisa:

• Isithunzi se-cypress side (ngo-1948, umvuzo weNadal ngo-1947)

• Indlela (1950)

• Unyana wam uSisi (1953)

• Idayari yomzingeli (ngo-1955, uMvuzo weSizwe woNcwadi)

• Iirati (1962, iBhaso labaGxeki)

• Inkosana ebuyiselweyo (ngo-1973)

• Abangcwele abamsulwa (1981)

• Iileta zothando ezivela kwi-sexagenarian enomdla (1983)

• Inenekazi eliBomvu kwiGrey Imvelaphi (1991)

• Umqhekeki (ngo-1998, uMvuzo weSizwe woNcwadi)

Ukongeza, ukukhankanywa okwahlukileyo kufuneka kube ziincwadi A umbhali wenoveli ufumanisa iMelika (1956); Spain ukuzingela (1972); Adventures, ithamsanqa kunye misadventures umzingeli ngomsila (1979); UCastilla, uCastilian kunye noCastilians (1979); I-Spain 1939-1950: Ukufa kunye novuko lwenoveli (2004).

Awards

Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali, UMiguel Delibes ufumene amabhaso amaninzi kunye nokuqondwa kwimisebenzi yakhe, ngokunjalo kuye. Eyokuqala abamnika yona yayingo-1948 yenoveli yakhe "Umthi wecypress umde". YayiyiMbasa kaNadal eyamenza waziwa ngcono kwaye iincwadi zakhe zatsala umdla.

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngo-1955, waphumelela iNational Narrative Prize, hayi ncakasana yenoveli, kodwa "Idayari yomzingeli"Uhlobo adlalwe naye kwiminyaka eliqela yobomi bakhe.

I-1957 Fastenrath Prize, enxulumene neRoyal Spanish Academy, awayifumana kwenye yeencwadi zakhe, "Naps ngomoya wasezantsi."

Ezi mbasa zintathu zazibaluleke kakhulu kwikhondo lakhe lomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwade kwaba yiminyaka engama-25 kamva apho wakwazi ukuphumelela ibhaso elitsha, iNkosana ye-Asturias de las Letras, eyanikwa uMiguel Delibes ngo-1982.

Ukusukela ngalo mhla, i amabhaso kunye nokuqondwa kwakulandelwa phantse kube kanye ngonyaka. Ke, ufumene isidanga sobugqirha kwiDyunivesithi yaseValladolid ngo-1983; ngo-1985 wabizwa ngokuba nguK Knight we-Order of Arts kunye neeleta eFrance; WayenguNyana oThandwayo eValladolid ngo-1986 noGqirha honissausa kwiYunivesithi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid (ngo-1987), kwiDyunivesithi yaseSarre (ngo-1990), kwiYunivesithi yaseAlcalá de Henares (ngo-1996), naseYunivesithi Salamanca (ngo-2008); kunye nonyana owamkelweyo kaMolledo, eCantabria, kwi2009.

Ngokuphathelele amabhaso, ezinye ziyaphawuleka, ezinje nge-City of Barcelona Award (kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Wood of a Hero); Ibhaso leLizwe leeleta zaseSpain (1991); uMvuzo kaMiguel de Cervantes (1993); Ibhaso leNgcaciso kaZwelonke lika-El hereje (1999; okanye iVocento Prize yamaxabiso oluntu (2006).

Ukulungelelaniswa kweencwadi zeDelibes kwifilimu nakumabonwakude

Enkosi kwimpumelelo yeencwadi zikaMiguel Delibes, abaninzi baqala ukuzijonga ukuze bazilungiselele kwifilimu nakumabonwakude.

Olunye uhlengahlengiso lokuqala komnye wemisebenzi yakhe lwalusenzelwa i-cinema, kunye nenoveli yakhe u-El camino (eyabhalwa ngo-1950) yaze yaguqulelwa kwifilimu ngo-1963. Nguye kuphela umsebenzi oye walungiswa, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngo-1978, kuthotho lukamabonakude olunezahluko ezihlanu.

Ukuqala ngo-1976, Imisebenzi kaDelibes yaba yindawo yokulondolozwa kweefilimu, ukwazi ukubona iincwadi kumfanekiso wokwenyani Unyana wam uSisi, neyabizwa ngegama kwifilimu yoSapho yoSapho; Isikhulu esihlaliswe etroneni, ngemfazwe kaTata; okanye enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, Abamsulwa abangcwele, apho uAlfredo Landa ngokwakhe noFrancisco Rabal baphumelela imbasa yokusebenza kweyona ndoda ibalaseleyo eCannes.

Ukugqibela kwemisebenzi ehlengahlengisiweyo yayingu Idayari yomhlala phantsi kwifilimu Isibini esigqibeleleyo (1997) kunye noAntonio Resines, uMabel Lozano ...

Iminqweno yeMiguel Delibes

Esinye sezinto ezibangela umdla eMiguel Delibes onokuthi utyelele xa uhamba ngeValladolid kukuba, kwindlu enye apho wazalelwa khona, kwisitalato iRecoletos, esisekhona, kukho ipleyiti elinenqaku elivela kumbhali elithi: "Ndinjengomthi okhula apho utyalwe khona", etolikwa ukuba ayinamsebenzi nokuba uphi na emhlabeni, ukwazile ukuziqhelanisa nokuchuma ngobugcisa bakhe.

Umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa waqala ukwenza iikhathuni, hayi ukubhala. Iikhathuni zokuqala zivela kwiphephandaba "El Norte de Castilla", umsebenzi awawufumanayo enkosi ngokufunda kwiSikolo soBugcisa nezoBugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha iphephandaba lalincinci kakhulu kwaye zonke izandla zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza eminye imisebenzi. Ke ngoko, kungekudala emva kokuba ebonakalisile umgangatho wokubhala awayenawo kwaye waqala ukubhala kuwo. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba, emva kwexesha, wayengumlawuli wephephandaba, nangona wayefanele ukurhoxa ngexesha likaFranco ngenxa yoxinzelelo olwalukho kuye.

Ngapha koko, nangona wayeka ubuntatheli ngendima yakhe njengombhali, lakuphela ixesha likaFranco, Iphephandaba "El País" wamnika ukuba abe ngumlawuli kwaye bamlinga nobunye bobubi bakhe obukhulu: indawo yokuzingela yabucala kufutshane neMadrid. UDelibes wamala kuba wayengafuni ukusuka kwiValladolid yakhe.

Into emangazayo yindlela aqala ngayo ukubhala iincwadi. Uninzi lwazi ukuba eyona muse yakhe yokwenyani yayingumfazi wakhe, u-Ángeles de Castro. Into ekunokwenzeka ukuba khange ibe inxulumene kakhulu kukuba, iminyaka yokuqala yombhali, wayenomyinge wencwadi enye ngonyaka. Kodwa ubenomntwana nonyaka.

Elinye lawona mabinzana abaluleke kakhulu kumbhali, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo: "Abantu abangenalo uncwadi ngabantu abazizithulu."

UMiguel Delibes watshata unkosikazi wakhe ngo-1946. Nangona kunjalo, wasweleka ngo-1974, eshiya umbhali etyhubela kuxinzelelo olukhulu olwabangela ukuba iincwadi zakhe ziveliswe ngexesha. I-Delibes ibisoloko ithathwa njenge umntu odakumbileyo, olusizi, onomsindo ... kwaye inxenye yolo hlazo lwalungenxa yokuphulukana nothando olukhulu kunye nemyuziyam.