Ngale mini, kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo, imbongi kunye nefilosofi uHenry David wazalwa. #EThoreau, utata wendalo esingqongileyo kunye nendalo. Omnye wemisebenzi yakhe ebalaseleyo wabizwa ngesihloko "Ukungathobeli eluntwini". Yayiyintetho ebhalwe ngumbhali ngokwakhe ukuba apha ngezantsi siza kuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ezinye zezicatshulwa, igama negama, kuba akukho nkunkuma. Kodwa kuqala, siza kuphonononga ezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nobomi nomsebenzi wakhe.
Ubomi nomsebenzi
UThoreau wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1817 eConcord kwaye wasweleka ngoMeyi 6, 1862 eneminyaka engama-44. Izinto eziguquguqukayo apho zikhona, wahluka ukusuka kumenzi wepensile ukuya kwindalo yendalo ukuya kumhlohli kunye nophando. UThoreau namhlanje uthathwa njengoyise osisiseko soncwadi lwaseMelika. Uzalelwe kwintsapho ethobekileyo, wayengumntu ongazinzanga kwaye uhlala enomdla wokuphanda kunye nokufumana iinkalo zemfundo ezintsha ezinokuzisa into entsha kulwazi lwakhe. Wafunda kwiKholeji yaseHarvard, ikholeji eyathi emva kweminyaka yaba yiyunivesithi yaseMelika eyaziwayo namhlanje.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ebalaseleyo yile:
- "Inkonzo" (1840).
- "Uhambo oluya eWachusett" (1842).
- IParadesi (eza kubuyiselwa) (1843).
- "INkosana" (1843).
- "Mnumzana Walter Raleigh" (1844).
- "Ummeli weNkululeko" (1844).
- "UThomas Carlyle nomsebenzi wakhe" (1847)
- "Iveki kwiConcord kunye neMerrimac Rivers" (1849)
- "Ukungathobeli eluntwini" (1849)
- «Uhambo oluya eCanada» (1853)
- "Ubukhoboka eMassachusetts" (1854)
- "Walden" (1854)
- "Iintsuku Zokugqibela zikaJohn Brown" (1860)
- "Ukuhamba" (1861)
- "Amanqaku eKwindla" (1862)
- "Ama-apile asendle: Imbali yomthi we-Apple" (1862)
- «Uhambo» (1863)
- "Ubomi obungenazimigaqo" (1863)
- "Ubusuku nokukhanya kwenyanga" (1863)
- "Ukukhanya kweHighland" (1864)
- "I-Maine Woods" (1864)
- ICape Cod (1865)
- "Intwasahlobo yakuqala eMassachusetts" (1881)
- «Ihlobo» (1884)
- "Ubusika" (1889)
- "Ekwindla" (1892)
- «Iinkampani ezingafaniyo» (1894)
Uninzi lomsebenzi wakhe wawuchatshazelwa zezi ntshukumo zilandelayo, iikhonsepthi kunye nabantu:
- Inkululeko yeIndiya.
- Ukunyuswa kwamalungelo oluntu.
- Intshukumo yabasebenzi baseBritane.
- Ukuhamba kwendalo.
- Ukuhamba kwehippie.
Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, amazwi alo mbhali athethwa ngabo bobabini abaMarx kunye nabalondolozi, ngoonkululeko noososhiyali,… Okulandelayo, siza kubona ukuba ngawaphi amagama athi "Ukungathobeli Kwaseburhulumenteni".
Ukungathobeli ekuhlaleni
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda oku kungathobeli eluntwini ungakwenza oku kulandelayo unxibelelwano. Le yenye yezona ncwadi zityebisayo onokuzenza namhlanje.
Ukuba, kwelinye icala, ufuna ukonwabela esinye seziganeko zakhe ezibalaseleyo, nazi ezinye zazo:
- Nokuba isiqalo sinokubonakala sincinci kangakanani: okwenziwe kakuhle, kwenziwe kakuhle kuhlala ngonaphakade.
- Akukho nto ndiyaziyo imyoli ngaphezu komntu ongathandabuzekiyo wokuphakamisa ubomi bakhe ngokuzimisela. Yinto ethile, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukwazi ukupeyinta umfanekiso othile, ukukrola umfanekiso oqingqiweyo okanye, ekugqibeleni, ukwenza ezinye izinto zibe ntle; Nangona kunjalo, kuzuke ngakumbi ukukrola okanye ukupeyinta iatmosfera, indlela esizikhangela ngayo, enokwenzeka ngokuziphatha. Ukuchaphazela umgangatho wosuku, lelona liphezulu kwezobugcisa. Indoda nganye inomsebenzi wokwenza ubomi bayo bufanele, nkqu nakwiinkcukacha zayo, zokucamngca kwelona xesha lakhe liphezulu nelona libalulekileyo.
- Kunokusebenza ngempumelelo nangobuciko bokulwa ukungabikho kokusesikweni okhe wakuphathwa gadalala, nokuba kukancinci, kwinyama yakhe.
- Hlala ukhululekile kwaye ungalalanisi. Umahluko mncinci phakathi kokuzifihla efama okanye entolongweni.
- IHarivansa ithi: "Indlu engenazo iintaka ifana nenyama engalungiswanga." Ikhaya lam lalingenjalo kuba, ngequbuliso, ndandingummelwane weentaka, hayi kuba ndivalela enye, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ndandivalelwe kufutshane nazo.
- Kubiza imali encinci kum ngandlela zonke ukufumana isohlwayo sokungathobeli uRhulumente, kunokuba bendiya kuthi ndithobele. Ndingaziva ndingafanelekanga kule meko.
- Eyona nto intle umntu anokuyenza kwinkcubeko yakhe xa esisityebi kukwenza ezo projekthi wayephupha ngazo xa wayehlwempuzekile.
- Unomatse obulalayo njengehlaya uyafa nyani.
- Kukho imithetho engenabulungisa: ngaba kufanelekile ukuba sanelise ukuyithobela, sisebenze ukuyilungisa, kwaye siyithobele de siphumelele, okanye ngaba kufuneka siyaphule kwasekuqaleni?
- Nawuphi na umntu olungileyo kunabamelwane bakhe sele esenza uninzi lwayo.
- Phantsi korhulumente ovalela nabani na ngokungekho sikweni, ikhaya lendoda ethembekileyo lisejele.
- Owona rhulumente ungcono ngulawo ungalawuliyo kwaphela, kwaye xa amadoda ekulungele oko, oku kuya kuba luhlobo loorhulumente wonke umntu aya kuba nalo..
- Urhulumente uqobo, ekuphela kwendlela ekhethwe ngabantu ukwenza intando yakhe, ngokufanayo uphantsi kwempatho gadalala kunye nenkohlakalo ngaphambi kokuba abantu bathathe amanyathelo ngayo..
- Ngaba ummi kufuneka ashiye isazela sakhe, nokuba kukomzuzwana okanye kwinqanaba elincinci alwele indlu yowiso-mthetho? Ke kutheni umntu enesazela? Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siqale sibe ngamadoda emva koko sibe zizifundo. Akunqweneleki ukuhlakulela ukuhlonipha umthetho kunye nokulungileyo. Kuthethwe ngenyaniso eyaneleyo ukuba iqumrhu alinasazela, kodwa iqumrhu lamadoda aqondayo ngumbutho onesazela. Umthetho awuzange wenze amadoda iota enye ngaphezulu nje; Ngapha koko, ngenxa yenhlonipho yakhe ngaye, nkqu nesona sisa sijike sibe ngabasebenzi bokungabikho kokusesikweni yonke imihla. Isiphumo esiqhelekileyo nesendalo sentlonipho engafanelekanga yomthetho kukuba ungabona umgca wamajoni: ukoloneli, ukaputeni, ikoporali, amajoni, iidynamiteers nabo bonke, bemasha ngolandelelwano oluncomekayo ukunqumla iintaba neentlambo ukuya emfazweni, ngokuchasene nentando yabo, ewe, ngokuchasene nengqondo yakhe kunye nesazela, esenza oku, ngokwenene, kukuhamba okunzima kweentliziyo. Abathandabuzi ukuba benza into ecekisekayo ngalo lonke utyekelo loxolo. "
Nantsi ke ividiyo yabo bakhetha incwadi yeaudiyo malunga nale nkomfa mihle.