Namhlanje kuphawula isikhumbuzo se-180 sokuzalwa kukaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer

Ngeentsuku ezinje namhlanje ndonwabile ngokukhethekileyo ukukwazi ukubhala malunga noncwadi. Isizathu, apha: Namhlanje kuphawula isikhumbuzo se-180 sokuzalwa kukaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer, omnye wababhali ababini abathandanayo "abavuse" ukuthandana eSpain. Omnye umbhali, ukuba ungambizi ngantoni: URosalía de Castro. Ngokudibeneyo bavuselela ubuRoma, obabuqale ukwehla malunga ne-1850. Ngesi sizathu, aba babhali babini bahlelwa njengabantu abathandanayo.

Kodwa khathalela iBécquer, siza kushwankathela ngokufutshane ukuba yintoni umntu kunye nomsebenzi awuthethayo kuncwadi:

1. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into uyaziwa ngokuba ngowakhe "Iingoma" y "Iintsomi", eyokugqibela ibhalwe ngeprose.
2. Njengothando oluhle Ndabathanda abafazi abaninzi: UJulia Espín, uElisa Guillén noCasta Navarro. Ngomtshato wokugqibela watshata ngo-1861 kwaye waqhawula umtshato kamva.
3. Usweleke engaphezulu nje kweminyaka engama-34, Ngelishwa. Asikwazanga ukulonwabela uncwadi ixesha elide kodwa ngaphandle koku waba ngumbhali owaziwayo phakathi kwabanye ababhali.
4. Nangona kunjalo, Imibongo yakhe yapapashwa emva kokufaNgokukodwa ngo-1871, kuba imibongo yakhe yokuqala yalahleka emlilweni, nalapho kwakufuneka uBécquer ayibhale ngokutsha, esenza neminye emitsha ayibize ngokuba "Incwadi Yongqatyana". Emva kokubhubha kombhali, abahlobo bakhe kunye noogxa bakhe baphinda bayilungisa le mibhalo bayipapasha phantsi kwegama elaziwayo namhlanje: "Iingoma".

«IiRimas» nguBécquer

Iingoma zakhe yimibongo emifutshane, ethandwayo kwithoni kunye nomculo omninzi kwiivesi zabo. Kuzo, iibhloko ezi-4 ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo zinokujongwa ngokugqibeleleyo:

• Iimvumi mna ukuya kuVIII: Bathetha ngemibongo ngokwayo, ngesenzo sokubhala kwembongi. Kuzo ubunzima imbongi enabo ekufumaneni amagama afanelekileyo achaza kanye le nto afuna ukuyithetha buyavela kumaxesha amaninzi.
• IiRymes IX ukuya kwiXXIX: Bathetha ngothando olunethemba nolonwabisayo, uthando oluvakala okokuqala kwaye luyonwabisa.
• IiRhymes XXX ukuya kwi-LI: Oku, ngokuchaseneyo, kuthetha ngothando lokuphoxeka, kunye nakho konke oku kubandakanya.
• IiRhymes LII ukuya kwi-LXXVI: Imixholo yakhe yesiqhelo isithukuthezi, iintlungu, usizi kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba.

Kwezi ngoma, uBécquer uthetha nomntu omncinci, onamehlo aluhlaza («Umfundi wakho ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ...»), ngeenwele ezimhlophe kunye nebala elilungileyo. Uthi luthando oluphazamisekileyo nolungenakwenzeka, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha umfazi ubonakala ngathi ngumbongo ngokwawo, lowo ungafikelelwayo, isihobe esifanelekileyo esichasa umbhali ...

Isibongo sikaBécquer sahluke kakhulu kweso sibongo sangaphambili sibhaliweyo sothando. IBécquer, phantsi kwe- Isangqa esisondeleyo nesimangalisayo, ubaleka kwizicengcelezo zesiqhelo zeevesi zothando, kwaye azenzele ezakhe iingoma: mfutshane kwaye mfutshane, ngokuthe ngqo, ngokwendalo, akunyanzelwanga okanye ahonjiswe, ...

Naye ngokwakhe watsho oku ngombongo wakhe:

«Yendalo, emfutshane, eyomileyo, ephuma emphefumlweni njengentsimbi yombane, eyenzakalisa imvakalelo ngegama kwaye ibaleke; kwaye uhamba ze ngobugcisa… ivusa imibono eliwaka elele kulwandle olungagungqiyo lwentelekelelo ».

Isimboli semibongo yakhe kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kusetyenziswe amandla Impembelelo kubabhali njengaye UJuan Ramón Jiménez okanye abo baSizukulwana se-27. Ke ngoko, kunokuthiwa uBécquer wayeyimbongi ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe, umanduleli wentshukumo yamva nje, kunye nokuthandana kade.

Nalu uxwebhu malunga nobomi nomsebenzi weGA Bécquer. Yimizuzu eyi-15 kuphela, kubalulekile ukubona:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycZT7MsxZkA

Ezinye zeemvanozandi zakhe (XXX, LIII,

I-RHYME XXX

Kwehla iinyembezi kuye
nasemlonyeni wam ibinzana lokuxolela;
Ukratshi wathetha wosula iinyembezi,
laphela eli binzana lisemilebeni yam.

IRIMA XXXVIII

Ndihla ngomendo; wakhe, omnye;
kodwa, ukucinga ngothando lwethu,
Mna: "Ndathula ntoni ngala mini?"
Uya kuthi: "Kutheni ndingakhalanga?"

Ukuncwina kungumoya kwaye kuya emoyeni.
Iinyembezi zingamanzi kwaye ziya elwandle.
Ndixelele, mfazi, xa uthando lulibalekile
Ngaba uyazi ukuba iya phi?

I-RHYME LIII

Amagwinya amnyama aza kubuya
kwi-balcony yazo iindlwane zazo ukuba zixhome,
kwaye iphiko kwakhona kwiikristali zalo
bedlala baya kubiza.

Kodwa abo indiza babamba umva
ubuhle bakho kunye nolonwabo lwam ukucinga,
abo bafunde amagama ethu ...
Abo ... abayi kubuya!.

I-honeysuckle ebusayo iya kubuya
iindonga ezinyukayo ukusuka egadini yakho,
kwaye kwakhona ngokuhlwa intle ngakumbi
iintyatyambo zawo ziya kuvuleka.

Kodwa ezo, zijijekile ngumbethe
amathontsi lawo siwabukele engcangcazela
kwaye bawe njengeenyembezi zemini ...
Abo ... abayi kubuya!

Baya kubuya kuthando ezindlebeni zakho
amazwi omlilo ukuvakala;
Intliziyo yakho isebuthongweni obukhulu
mhlawumbi izovuka.

Kodwa sisidenge kwaye ndifunxe kwaye ndiguqe ngamadolo
uthixo waqubuda phambi kwesibingelelo sakhe.
njengoko ndinithandileyo nina ...; yehla kwikhonkco,
Ewe ... abayi kukuthanda!