UManuel Susante Roman. Udliwano-ndlebe nombhali weCuando todos son sombra

UManuel Susante Roman Wazalelwa eMula (Murcia). Waqala ngenoveli yakhe yokuqala ethi, Atropia, ngo-2021 kwaye kulo Disemba uveze eyesibini, Xa wonke umntu usisithunzi  nto leyo ayifake okokuqala kudidi lwenoir. Enkosi kakhulu ngokundihoya kolu lubanzi udliwano ndlebe apho asixelela ngaye kunye neminye imixholo emininzi.

UManuel Susanarte Román - Udliwano-ndlebe

• ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Inoveli yakho entsha inesihloko xa wonke umntu usisithunzi. Usixelela ntoni ngayo kwaye yavela phi le mbono?

UMANUEL SUSARTE ROMAN: Kuyo ndithi a Ibali ipolisa lakudala: umlinganiswa oyintloko ozama ukunqanda umchasi wakhe, ngaloo ndlela ethintela inani lamaxhoba ekwandeni. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ndiyenza ukusuka kwi-a indlela entsha, kokubini ukuchazwa kweenyani kunye neempawu zomchasi othethiweyo. Oku cwangcisa uku ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi asibhozo, elixesha elindichukumisayo, kungekuphela nje ukuba ndiphile kulo, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into utshintsho olunzulu eziye zenziwa kwilizwe lethu: isakhiwo esizuzwe njengelifa kulawulo lobuzwilakhe saqala ukuqhekeka kwaye isizukulwana esitsha sazabalaza ukuhlala kwezo ndawo esitalatweni, eqongeni, kwezopolitiko. Kwaye bonke kunye nesixeko esinje Cartagena Umgca osezantsi, yintoni enye onokuyicela.

La ngcamango kwavela, njengezinto ezininzi ezilungileyo, ukusuka kwi-a ncokola ikofu nomhlobo wam uYesu, owatyala oko engqondweni yam. Apho yakhula de kwafuneka ndiyibhale phantsi. Sele, kwinqanaba lokubhalwa kwamaxwebhu ukulinika imo, ibali elavuleka engqondweni yam lalindoyisa lade laphela liyinoveli.

• AL: Ngaba ungabuyela kwincwadi yokuqala oyifundileyo? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?

MSR: Andikwazanga ukukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi incwadi yam yokuqala, kuba ndandiyi umfundi kwangoko kakhulu. Ndingakuxelela ngezinye Iincwadi zesikhokelo yeGBS ebizwa INDLELA nokuba baqokelela amaqhekeza eenoveli; Ndazifunda ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ubuntwana bam ndabuchitha ndifunda izigemegeme ze Abahlanu, ezo ze uwilliam okhohlakeleyo kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuya Jules Verne, omsebenzi wakhe opheleleyo wandinika abazali bam. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ndikhumbula incwadi yokuqala endayithenga ngokwam (ukugcina kumvuzo weveki we-duros ezintlanu abandinika wona): uhlelo lwe uhambo lukaMarco poloIkopi endisenayo. 

Nam ndiyakhumbula Ibali lokuqala endilibhalileyo: yayimalunga ne-a ladybug ukuba ezinye izinambuzane ngcoliswa ( ngelo xesha lalingekasetyenziswa igama ukuxhatshazwa) nokuba ukubaleka kubunyani bakhe obulusizi wagqiba ekubeni akhe a irokethi oza kuhamba ngayo ukuya eNyangeni. I-ladybug ebhabhayo iphantse yangena kwi-orbit kwathiwa. Ngendineminyaka emalunga nesixhenxe okanye esibhozo ubudala.

• KWI: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo. 

MSR: Kufuneka babe baninzi ngokunyanzela. Besenditshilo ukuba ndikhule ndihamba ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eNyangeni, ndikhapha UMiguel Strogoff ndityhutyha ihlathi elinomkhenkce, ndisinde iminyaka emibini neklasi yam kwisiqithi esingenamntu, enkosi kuJules Verne kwaye yireferensi yam yokuqala (nokuba ilandelelaniswe amaxesha). Kwakhona, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Umberto Echo; UScott Fitzgerald; iiklasiki zethu Ubudala begolide...

Bonke ngokwemiqathango yabo bebesoloko bendikhapha, kwaye ukuba sithetha ngetafile esecaleni kwebhedi yam, ndinetyala lanaphakade kunye UStephen King, kungekhona nje ngokuyila inxalenye yesimbo sam, kodwa ngokusinika unyana wakhe UJoe Hill; UJames Clavell ... Ukuba sithetha ngababhali baseSpain, wayeya kukhokela i-podium UArturo Pérez-Reverte, elandelwa ngokusondeleyo nguYohane USlav Galán, Cela, UVazquez Montalban… Njengoko ubona, kunzima kum ukukhetha.

• KWI: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?

MSR: Bendiya kuyithanda kudala a USherlock Holmes, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ndiyachukunyiswa ngulo mlinganiswa ogqiba ekubeni abe luhlobo ngokwalo, aqulunqe ubugcisa, enze uhlobo oluthile lwenoveli kwaye, endleleni, imqwenge umdali wayo. kwaye ndingathanda yazi Kwabona bazalwa ngosiba lweSpanish: iQuijote. Xa bonke abanye abalinganiswa bengasenayo inkumbulo engacacanga, igama likaCervantes, kunye nelo lika-Alonso Quijano, liya kuqhubeka nokuqatshelwa.

• KWI: Nayiphi na into yokuzonwabisa ekhethekileyo okanye umkhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni okanye ekufundeni?

MSR: Andinayo iindlela zokuzonwabisa ngexesha lokufunda, nayiphi na indawo kunye nexesha lilungile. Ndikhetha iphepha, kodwa andizotheki kwezinye iinkxaso. Ukulinda kangaphi bekungazukundikhulula a ebook funda kwiselula! Ngoku ubhale ewe ndinazo: Ndibhala ngesandla, ngosiba kwaye ndimamele umculo.

• KWI: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?

MSR: Ndikhetha ukubhala iofisi yam, emva kwemini. Kodwa xa ndisiva isidingo sokuyenza (kuba ndibe nombono okanye ngenxa yokuba indawo egqibeleleyo, incoko enobuqhetseba, izimvo ezifanelekileyo zifika engqondweni) ndithatha ithuba lendawo endizifumana kuyo, nokuba kukuphumla. emsebenzini okanye ngaphakathi emotweni kwindawo yokupaka. Ngaphandle koku, ndiyathanda ukuzinikela iiyure ezimbalwa ngosuku ukubhala eofisini yam, into engasoloko isenzeka.

• AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?

MSR: Ewe ndimhle kakhulu ekufundeni kwam kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba oko kubonakala kwimibhalo yam. I imfihlakalo kunye uloyiko olungaphaya kwendalo zizinto endizithandayo, kodwa ndiyazithanda iincwadi zembali kunye inoveli yembali, ingakumbi leyo yabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, inoveli ehlekisayo nehlekisayo, isincoko. Ekuphela kwento engandixhasiyo sisihobe, ndiyaqikelela ukuba eloxesha ebomini bam alikafiki.

• KWI: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?

MSR: Ndingumfundi weencwadi ezininzi ngexesha elinye. ngoku ndikunye Bilbao-style ratatouille, nguJosé Francisco Alonso kwaye ngaxeshanye kunye Engunaphakade engenazihlangu, nguMarcos Muelas kunye Ngosuku D, nguAntony Beevor. ndikunye ne phinda ubhale inoveli Ndigqibele kunyaka ophelileyo Amagqwirha, amakhubalo kunye neentonga zesinamoni, eyasungulwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX eSpeyin. Kwaye ndibhala ibali elitsha le U-Imanol Ugarte, umlinganiswa oyintloko we xa wonke umntu usisithunzi.

• KWI: Ucinga ukuba injani imeko yokupapasha?

MSR: Ndicinga ukuba, ngokumangalisayo, ayishukumi xa ibonakala inamandla kakhulu. I abapapashi abasegameni kuphela, iingcali zokuphila ngemali yababhali endaweni yemali eyenziwe ngabo. Ngo-2019, unyaka wokugqibela apho idatha yamanani ifumaneka, ngaphezulu kwe-80.000 yeencwadi zapapashwa eSpain (ngaphezulu kwabafundi, ngokutsho komhlobo wam). Loo nto yenza ukuba yonke into ibhideke.

Sonke sibonakala sinomdla kwizihloko ezifanayo, kubabhali abafanayo kwaye kungenxa yokuba ukuthengisa kunye neendaba zentengiso zisezandleni zabavakalisi abathathu okanye abane abakhulu abahlala besibetha ngeemveliso zabo kwaye abanye ababhali bazama ukusinda kwiintanethi zentlalo. Iivenkile zeencwadi zizele hits kwangaphambili ngamaqumrhu amabini amakhulu (nangona kukho abavakalisi abaliwaka, inkoliso yabo bakula maqela mabini makhulu sicinga ngawo sonke). Ngeli xesha, izindululo ezizimeleyo, ababhali abatsha abanokuba namabali anomdla abanokuthi bawaxelele kufuneka bakhuphisane phakathi kwabo ukuze bafumane indawo kwikona encinci ekhanyisiweyo yezakhiwo.

Ababhali abadinga ukupapashwa okuncinci, ngokumangalisayo, ngabo banobukho bosasazo oluninzi. Ukupapasha kuye kwavela njengeshishini elinengeniso kwaye iinkampani ezininzi ziqalisiwe apho, ixesha elininzi, ngaphezu kwabashicileli nje. 

Njengoko niza kubona, ndinjalo ndingenathemba kakhulu malunga nesi sihloko. Ngaphandle koku, kukho kwakhona izindululo ezintsha, abantu abagqiba ukupapasha umngcipheko yonke into yaye bechukunyiswe luthando lomsebenzi owenziwe kakuhle, abavakalisi abancinane abenza iincwadi zifundeke. Umfundi onomdla wokonwabela iintlobo ngeentlobo zehlabathi ezikhoyo ngaphandle umthengisi ogqibelele nawe ungayenza ngokukhangela kancinci.

• KWI: Ngaba eli xesha lobunzima esijongene nalo linzima kuwe okanye uya kukwazi ukugcina into entle kwiinkalo zenkcubeko nezentlalo?

MSR: Ngethamsanqa, Ingxaki ayizange indibethe ngqo kwaye nangona sonke siyiqaphela njengembumba, kwindawo endihlala kuyo sihlala ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi okufanayo. Malunga nenkcubeko, ingxaki yinto egqubayo, ngaphaya kwesinye. Kodwa ukucinga kakuhle, ubhubhane kunye nokudodobala koqoqosho okubangeleyo kuye kwanyusa ngokumangalisayo inani labafundi. Ezincwadini sifumene isiqabu kunye nokubaleka ukuthambisa imeko enzima esidlule kuyo siluluntu. Abantu bafunde ngakumbi kwaye oku kuye kwaqatshelwa kwiivenkile zeencwadi, kumathala eencwadi. Ngethemba ukuba lo ngumkhwa olapha ukuhlala.

Kodwa inkcubeko ngokubanzi kunye noncwadi ngakumbi (ukuba yinxalenye endichukumisayo) Baqhubeka befuna inkxaso kunye nenkuthazo yamaqumrhu asemthethweni. Ukuzibophezela okuzimiseleyo ukukhuthaza izenzo eziyimfuneko, ezifana nezibonelelo zokudala, ukupapashwa kwababhali, ukutyalomali kwimicimbi yenkcubeko (ngaphaya kwesenzo esisinyanzelo sokuthatha iifoto), imiboniso yeencwadi, njl. Kuba ukuba sishiya inkcubeko yethu ezandleni zabambalwa (kunye neminqweno yabo ye-mercanntilist) sibeka umngcipheko wokuphela kokulinganisa thina njengoluntu. kusuke kwathi, njengokuba yatshoyo imfama, andithandi ukuba ndibone;