UKurt Vonnegut (1922-2007) wayengunoveli ongaqhelekanga waseMelika odityaniswe nentsomi yesayensi enentlantsi yesatirical.. Wayeyazi indlela yokufumana umbulelo wakhe wobuqu kwisitayile esikhethekileyo soburharha abamnyama. Umsebenzi wakhe uquka iinoveli ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini. Enye yeencwadi zakhe eziphambili Indawo yokuxhela isihlanu (1969).
I-Vonnegut yayisebenza isiqingatha senkulungwane. Kwaye wayechubekile, ekwanobuganga bokubhala amabali amafutshane, izincoko, iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga kunye nemibhalo yefilim. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wayegqamile kuhlobo oluthile, yayiyinoveli leyo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nalo mbhali odumileyo we-counterculture yenkulungwane yokugqibela, apha sikubonisa yona.
Ukudibana noKurt Vonnegut
UKurt Vonnegut wazalelwa e-Indianapolis ngo-1922. kwintsapho yaseJamani. Wafunda kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona esemncinane wayesele eqalile ukubhala, wazama isandla sakhe kwi-biochemistry emva kokuba unjingalwazi emxelele ukuba amabali akhe ayenganelanga. Ubethelela ukuba kwiminyaka yakhe engumfundi eyona nto wayeyithanda kakhulu kukusebenzisana namaphephandaba anxulumene namaziko okufunda. Wayesemncinane kakhulu wangena emkhosini yaye ngowe-1944 wabandezeleka ngenxa yokuzibulala kukanina.
Amava akhe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II amphawula. Inoveli yakhe Indawo yokuxhela isihlanu (1969) ubonakalisa kakuhle kakhulu uloyiko awalufumana ngexesha lokuqhushumba kwebhombu eDresden eJamani ngoFebruwari 1945. Wayengomnye wabasindi kwesi siganeko siyimbali esashiya amawaka efile. Kwakhona, waphila ixesha elithile njengebanjwa lamaNazi. Kulula ukuqonda ukuba indlela awayebubona ngayo ubomi emva kwaloo mava amanyumnyezi yayimisela umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi.
Emva kwemfazwe wabuyela eyunivesithi ukuya kufunda ngeAnthropology. Kodwa UVonnegut waqhubeka nokubhala kwaye wapapasha inoveli yakhe yokuqala ngo-1952. (umdlali wepiyano). Ezinye zeencwadi zakhe ziye zathengiswa kakhulu kwaye wanikela ngobomi bakhe ekubhaleni, ngokwenyani kwifomu. UVonnegut wabalaselisa impembelelo enkulu awayenayo umbhali waseMelika uMark Twain kuye.
Watshata kabini. Unyana wakhe uMark Vonnegut ngugqirha wabantwana odumileyo kunye nentombi yakhe uEdith Vonnegut ngumzobi owaziwayo. Wafela eNew York ngo-Aprili 11, 2007.
Isimbo somsebenzi wakhe
Umsebenzi wakhe uchazwe njengophazamisayo. Ngumdibaniso ogqibeleleyo wobulumko kunye noburharha obomnyama.. Ngandlela ithile, ungomnye wababhali abanzima ukuba bafikelele encotsheni ngomsebenzi ohlekisayo kunye nowokuthatha ixesha.
Indlela yakhe yokubhala ithe ngqo. Ngesimbo esilula sezivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nemihlathi emfutshane. Akakhange acacise ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo, wathetha into awayeyidinga ngaphandle kokuphambuka okuninzi. Ngokulinganayo, kwiincwadi zakhe unokuphefumla ukuphoxeka koburharha abamnyama kunye nokungabi nalukholo eluntwini. Umzekelo omhle wale nto yimfanelo yokuziphatha ayinika amaqhawe kunye nabangendawo kwiincwadi zakhe, ngokulinganayo.
Nangona kunjalo, imvelaphi yomsebenzi wakhe yayichaphazela imiba yokugqwesa. Ibuze umfundi imibuzo yakudala ethi “singoobani kwaye sivela phi? Kutheni silapha? Ngokuchanekileyo, UVonnegut wayeza kusebenzisa intsomi yesayensi ukuphuhlisa ngokucacileyo le miba ngokuba umntu usuke acinge ukuba uyaphoxisa.
Lo mbhali ngumzekelo we-counterculture. Ube nempumelelo enkulu kuluntu kwaye igalelo lomsebenzi wakhe linexabiso elikhulu kwinkcubeko yesiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nabachasi abaninzi, abo bangabezopolitiko ezichanekileyo kwaye babona kwisigidimi sikaVonnegut, kunye nesimbo sakhe, kuphela ingqumbo ekrwada.
Kurt Vonnegut iye yehla kwimbali yamandulo, ngenxa yokuba impembelelo yayo kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo zabafundi ngaphaya kwe-United States ayinakuphikiswa. amaqokobhe enathi umsebenzi wakhe unokuchazwa njengento ehlekisayo, engaqhelekanga kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lokunyaniseka.
Iincwadi ezinkulu zikaKurt Vonnegut
- umdlali wepiyano (1952) Yinoveli yakhe yokuqala. Ichaza nge-automatism ukunyamalala koluntu oluye lwathatyathelw' indawo ngoomatshini.
- iisiren ze-titan (1959). Inoveli yentsomi yenzululwazi apho umlinganiswa oyintloko ehamba nenja yakhe esithubeni. Ingxaki kukuba abakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide kwindawo nganye. Olona ngquzulwano lumangalisayo lwexesha.
- Ubusuku bukaMama (1961) libali elibi lentlola yaseMelika ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi eyaduka eUnited States. Njengoko bekholelwa ukuba ungumxhasi wamaNazi, uya kuzifumana ekhuselwe ngabona balinganiswa abahlukeneyo, njengamalungu eKu Klux Klan.
- imbeleko yekati (1963) Yayiyinoveli awakwazi ngayo ukuphumelela kwi-Anthropology. Kwelinye icala, ibali libekwe kwimeko yentelekelelo efakwe kulawulo olugwenxa, kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseSan Lorenzo. Kwelinye icala, inkulumbuso yale ndawo ngunyana womyili webhombu yeathom.
- Slaughterhouse yesihlanu okanye i-Crusade yabamsulwa (1969) Ithathwa njengenye yeenoveli ezilungileyo kakhulu zodidi lwenzululwazi, kunye neyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yoncwadi lwaseMelika lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ibekwe kwimeko yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi kwaye iyingxelo echasene nemfazwe, ehlekisa ngeemfazwe, kwaye ichaphazela ukoyikeka okubangelwa zizo.
- Isidlo sakusasa seNtshatsheli (1973) yinoveli ephoxayo umlinganiswa ophambili nguPhilboyd Studge, omnye umbhali omnyama wamahlaya. Uhlobo olufanayo lokumelwa kukaKurt ngokwakhe apho sinokufunda okungakumbi malunga nobuntu bokwenyani bukaVonnegut.
- Indoda engenalizwe yingqokelela yezincoko zakhe ezigxekayo, ezapapashwa ngo-2005. Uchaza imiba enzima yangoku, efana nezopolitiko zikaG.