Izixhobo zesitayile kuncwadi

Ababhali bahlala bezama ukuthatha ingqalelo yombhali ofunda (okanye amamele, kunye neencwadi zomsindo) imisebenzi yabo. Ukufezekisa oku, babhenela kwiindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko kunye neendlela eziphambili: yenza ifayile ye- ibali elimnandi Vuka umdla woluntu ekufundeni kwaye usebenzise ulwimi ngendlela ekhethekileyo enomtsalane kwaye yenza ukuba umfundi afune ukuqhubeka nokufunda umsebenzi wakho.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba kukho inani elikhulu lezixhobo zesitayile kuncwadi, nangona uninzi luye lwacinywa okanye ubuncinci alubonwa rhoqo, lukhona kwaye belusetyenziswa kuncwadi kangangeenkulungwane. Ukuba ufuna ukuba nesishwankathelo sazo zonke izibonelelo zesitayile, nantsi unayo. Siwahlula ngokwamacandelo amathathu ngokokuchaphazela imiba yolwimi.

Izixhobo zezandi

Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa isandi kulwimi ngendlela enobuchule kunye nengcaciso, ebangela imvakalelo ethile kumfundi:

• Ulungelelwaniso: Ukuphindaphindwa kwesandi ukuvelisa iziphumo ezithile zoluvo. Kumzekelo olandelayo, izandi ezithile ziyaphindwa zinike imvakalelo yokuhamba ngokugudileyo.
• Onomayopoeia: Ukuxelisa isandi sokwenyani. Ngamanye amaxesha i-Onomayopeya ifezekiswa ngemfanozandi. Kwezi vesi zilandelayo, umzekelo, ukuphindaphindwa kwee "s" kuvusa ingxolo yeenyosi.

Izibonelelo zeMorphosyntactic

Zenzeka ngokudibanisa, ukucima, okanye ukuphinda amagama, okanye ngokutshintsha ukulandelelana kwamagama kwisivakalisi:

• Epithet: Iqukethe ukusebenzisa isichazi esivakalisa umgangatho wesibizo esiqhotyoshelwe kuso.
• Igama elifanayo: Lubalo lwamagama anentsingiselo efanayo.
• Asyndeton: Inezinto zokushiya izihlanganisi ukuvelisa isantya.
• IPolysyndeton: Ngumthombo ochaseneyo nalowo sele ukhankanyiwe. Iqukethe ukuphindwaphindwa kwezihlanganisi ezingeyomfuneko; ivelisa umphumo wobungangamsha, ukomelela okanye ukucotha.
• I-Ellipse: Inokususwa kwemigaqo njengoko ithathwa njengeyaqondwa.
• Anaphora: Inokuphindwaphindwa kwegama elinye okanye nangaphezulu ekuqaleni kweevesi ezininzi okanye izivakalisi.
• Ukufana: Kukuphindwa kolwakhiwo olufanayo kwiivesi ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu okanye izivakalisi.
• Hyperbaton: Inokutshintsha ukuhleleka ngokulandelelana kwamagama kwisivakalisi.

Izixhobo zeSemantic

Ezi zixhobo zezi ezenza ukuba intsingiselo yamagama itshintshe kwisicatshulwa:

• La indida: Umzobo apho izimvo ezimbini okanye iikhonsepthi ezinxulumene zibonakala ziphikisana okanye ziphikisana kodwa ngengqondo enzulu azinjalo.
• La UkuchasanaInamagama aphikisayo okanye amabinzana anentsingiselo echaseneyo.
• La ngcikivo: Siqulathe ukuchasana nento ethethwayo. Intsingiselo yokwenyani ilandela kwimeko.
• El isifaniso: Kukuthelekiswa kwamagama amabini okanye izimvo.
• La Isibaxo: Kukubaxa.
• La Isikweko (trope): Kuquka ukubiza into eyiyo ngegama lenye apho umbhali amisela ukuchongwa ngokufana kwayo.
• La ukuhambelana (trope): Kuqukethe ukubiza into yokwenyani ngegama lomnye eligcina ulwalamano olusondeleyo, njengaleyo phakathi kombhali nomsebenzi wakhe, umxholo kunye nesikhongozeli, indawo kunye nemveliso evela kuyo, njl.
• La zintsi: Luhlobo oluthile lwe-metonymy oluquka ukuyila icandelo elipheleleyo okanye elipheleleyo lenxalenye. Umzekelo: "Wahlanganisa iintloko ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu."

Ulwahlulo lwezixhobo ze-stylistic zohlobo lwe-semantic

Oovimba bolwazi besimilo ababonwe ngaphambili bahlelwa baba ziindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, bahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Izixhobo zeSemantic ngokusekwe kwinkcaso yezimvo: Kuzo kungena isigqebelo, isichaso nesichasi.
• Izixhobo zeSemantic esekwe kubudlelwane bokufanaKweli candelo bekuza kubakho izibonelelo zesikweko (esiza kubona ngakumbi kwaye zichazwe ngcono apha ngezantsi), umfanekiso kunye nesifaniso.
• Izixhobo zeSemantic ngokusekwe kubudlelwane bokungalingani: Oku kubandakanya izibonelelo ze-metonymy kunye ne-synecdoche.

Izibonelelo ezisekwe kufana

La Isikweko sisixhobo soncwadi esisekwe kufana. Umzekelo: «Thatha kwintwasahlobo yakho evuyayo / iziqhamo ezimnandi, ngaphambi kwemozulu enomsindo / gubungela ingqungquthela entle ngekhephu» (iivesi zikaGarcilaso de la Vega). Kule meko, ukongeza, umntu unokuthetha nge isifaniso kuba intetho ibonisa inkqubo yezafobe ezisebenza kunye ukubonisa umbono ofanayo: "Intwasahlobo evuyayo" kule meko ingalulutsha; "Isiqhamo esimnandi"Ingayinto yangoku; "Imozulu enomsindo okanye ubusika" bekuya kubonisa ukwaluphala; «Ikhephu, iinwele ezingwevu kunye nengqungquthela entle» Kuya kuba yintloko. Nangona kunjalo, isikweko asikuphela kwesibonelelo semantic esenziwe ekuphenduleni kolu hlobo lobudlelwane. Inkqubo ye- isifaniso kunye ucinga banazo ezi mpawu. Apha ngezantsi, kunye nomzekelo weefowuni "Greguerías" NguRamón Gómez de la Serna siyayibona:

• Umzekelo: ILava ijongeka njengengwenya ehamba phambili / Amasele aphoswa edamini ngokungathi athunyelwe.
• Umzekelo womfanekiso ongcolileyo okanye isikweko: 8 yiglassglass yamanani / Umzingeli licephe lezihlangu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa isikweko ikota enye (iinwele ezingwevu) ithathelwa indawo lelinye (ikhephu), kwisifaniso nasemfanekisweni izinto ezimbini ezifanayo zithiwa (lava, crocodile, 8, hourglass).

Njengoko sibona, kukho iikhonsepthi ezininzi ezinxulumene nezixhobo zesitayile, ke ngoko, eyona ndlela yokuzifunda, ukuzikhumbula nokuzichonga kukukhetha umbongo okanye isicatshulwa esidala kwaye usihlalutye.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Imvelaphi kunye nefomu kuncwadi. Oko sikuthethayo nendlela esikuthetha ngayo.