Mark Twain Quote
Iintlanga zikaTom Sawyer Ngumsebenzi owaziwayo we-American Mark Twain. Yapapashwa phakathi ko-1876 no-1878 yiNkampani yokuPapasha yaseMelika. Esi siqwenga soncwadi sigubungela iindidi ze-adventure, i-comedy, intlekele kunye ne-biography, kwaye yenzeka kwixesha elandulela iMfazwe yamakhaya eSt. Petersburg (1860).
Kule noveli, umbhali uchaza ubomi benkwenkwe enemvukelo nekrelekrele, kodwa inobubele kakhulu. Umsebenzi ubekwe kwidolophu encinci yentsomi eneempawu ezikhumbuza unxweme loMlambo iMississippi-indawo apho umbhali wachitha khona ubuntwaneni bakhe-. Leyo ibe yimpembelelo yengxelo, eguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi, esetyenziswa njengesalathiso kumakhulu ezithisisi, eziphononongwe kumanqaku abalulekileyo, alungele i-cinema, ithiyetha nomabonakude.
Isishwankathelo nguTom Saywer
UTom, ukhohlakele kwaye unothando
Iintsuku zikaTom zadlula phakathi kobubi, egqiba umonde ka-anti wakhe uPolly. Wayefuna uncedo lwakhe kumsebenzi wasekhaya, kodwa lo mfana wayesoloko ekwazi ukuphepha izibophelelo zakhe.
Ngenye intsasa njengesohlwayo sokutsiba iklasi UPolly wamyalela ukuba apeyinte ucingo. Le nkwenkwana ikrelekrele, ingenamdla wokwenza umsebenzi wayo, yenza ngathi kwabanye abantwana kumnandi ukwenza loo nto, yaye Wanikela kakhulu kangangokuba wabafumana ukuba bamenzele umsebenzi. Emva kokuyeka ukucenga abanye ukuba bagqibe umsebenzi wabo, Tom wafumana imvume kumakazi wakhe wakwazi nokuphuma ayodlala.
Emva koko, emva kokubuyela ekhaya emva kokunandipha ukuhamba kwakhe, umfana wabona intombazana entle awayithanda ngoko nangoko, kwaye, ngokungathi ngomlingo, walibala uloyiso lwakhe lokugqibela lothando: Amy Lawrence. Enqwenela ukuhoywa kweli bhinqa lincinci, waqala ukwenza uninzi lweendlela ezinobungozi, nangona kunjalo, oko akuzange kumncede kwaye wemka ebuhlungu ngenxa yokungajongi.
Emva kweentsuku, kwaye njengoko kwakuqhelekile ngeeCawa, usapho lwazimasa imisa. Apho, uTom okhaliphileyo wakwazi ukutshintshisa iivawutsha eziliqela nabanye abantu abaselula waza wanyusa imali eyayifuneka ukuze azuze iBhayibhile. Phakathi kwemincili inkwenkwe yamangaliswa kukubona uthando lwayo olutsha: Becky. Wayeyintombi kaJudge Thatcher, owayelundwendwe olukhethekileyo ngaloo mini ecaweni.
Ngelixa ubunzima buqhubeka, uTom wayenesithukuthezi kwaye yiyo loo nto waqala ukudlala ngebhungane phantsi.. Ngequbuliso, esi sinambuzane sacinezela impumlo yenja yaza inja yabhomboloza ngenxa yeentlungu. Konke oku kungxola kubangele uqhushululu kumarhamente, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba intetho iphazanyiswe yaze ekugqibeleni yonakaliswa inkonzo yangeCawe.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, endleleni eya eklasini, uTom wabalekela kumhlobo wakhe Huckleberry Finn kunye wafika emva kwexesha egumbini. Yazi loo nto isohlwayo kukuhlala neentombi, wavuma ngokonwaba, oko ekwazile ukuhlala ecaleni kukaBecky Thatcher. Ngale ndlela wathabatha ithuba lokuvakalisa uthando lwakhe ngaye yaye ngaloo ndlela bavuma umanyano ngokumanga.
Wacebisa ukuba batshate ngonaphakade, kodwa wavuma ukuba wayethabatheke ngaphambili uAmy Lawrence. umtshakazi omtsha Wacaphuka, ezele ngumona, wala ukulugcina lunaphakade uthando lwakhe kunye naye. UTom, ebuhlungu kwaye ecatshukiswa kukungavunyelwa kwentombi yakhe, wagqiba ekubeni ahambe imini yonke kwindawo yakhe yokusabela yesiqhelo ebekwe emahlathini emva kwendlu kaMhlolokazi uDouglas.
Ukuphanga, izidumbu namangcwaba
Njengoko kwahlwa, uHuck wakhangela uTom baza baya emangcwabeni.Babelindele ukubona iidemon baze benze amasiko athile neekati ezifileyo. Bazimela kufutshane nengcwaba likaHoss Williams osandul' ukusweleka. y, ngequbuliso, babona befika Amadoda emithi: UGqr Robinson, uMuff Potter kunye no-Injun Joe.
UPotter noJoe beba ezinye izidumbu, ngoxa umphangi wesithathu wabajongile. Ngokungalindelekanga, la madoda aqalisa ukuxabana efuna imali engakumbi kuRobinson, yaye lo mva wazikhusela ngokubetha uMbumbi entloko. UmIndiya wathatha inzuzo kwaye wagqiba ubomi bukaRobinson ngemela, emva koko watshintsha imeko etyhola muff, ebesabambe ongezantsi.
Ulutsha luthe cwaka lubona ulwaphulo-mthetho kwayeBesoyika, babaleka ngokukhawuleza besindisa ubomi babo. Emva kwesiganeko esibi wagqiba ekubeni enze isifungo esingenakonakala: ukungaxeleli mntu oko babesandul’ ukukubona. Baqinisekisa ukuzibophelela kwibhodi yomthi, bahlaba iminwe yabo kwaye batyikitya ngegazi.
Elopement ukuya Jackson Island kunye Funeral
Umzimba kaGqirha Robinson wabhaqwa zaza iindaba zokubulala zashukumisa idolophu yonke.. Kwaye, njengoko bekulindelekile, umbumbi we-muff wabanjwa. Ngenxa yoko, uTom waqalisa ukuba namaphupha amabi, yaye, ehambisana nokungabi namdla kukaBecky, usizi lwakhe lwaba nzulu.
Ubugcisa obuvela kwi-Adventures ye-Tom Sawyer yee-animated series
Le meko yenza uTom wacinga ngezinto ezininzi, enye yazo kukubandezeleka awakunika uPolly ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokungahloneli Thixo. Ngoko, wenza isigqibo sokubaleka ekhaya. Wemka ke ezinzulwini zobusuku nabahlobo bakhe uHuck noJoe Harper, besiya eJackson Island ngesihlenga. Ngelishwa, oko kwakhokelela ekubeni ahambe ezele zizenzo ezigwenxa.
Edolophini, emva kokuqaphela ukungabikho kwabantu abatsha, baqala ukubakhangela kuyo yonke indawo. Ukuqonda i-ruckus abayivelisayo, imvakalelo yokwaneliseka yazalwa kubo kwaye bakholelwa ukuba bangamaqhawe obuxoki. Ngobunye ubusuku, uTom wachwechwa wabuyela endlwini, ezisola ngenxa yokubandezeleka kwentsapho yakhe.
Ya Ngaphandle kwethemba, izalamane nabanye abemi bedolophu bahlanganisana ecaweni ukuze babangcwabe. Kanye ngaloo mini, uJoe, uHuck, noTom babuyela edolophini baza bazimela kwipaseji yetempile ukuze babukele ukuvuka kwabo. Embindini wembeko, bayishiya indawo ababezimele kuyo, kwaye wonke umntu abancedisi, bebabona bephila, bavuya.
amaqhawe nobulungisa
Buyela esikolweni, UTom waba yinto entsha yelo xesha. Egcwele uzuko, waxelela wonke umntu malunga ne-adventure yakhe enkulu - ukunika, ngokuqinisekileyo, izinga eliphezulu lokugqithisa. Kwakhona wagqiba ekubeni angamhoyi uBecky angaphinde amcenge ngothando lwakhe, nangona ngokukhawuleza eli nenekazi lakwaziyo ukufumana ingqalelo yakhe.
Intombi UThatcher wathwalwa kukufuna ukwazi kunye nemvukelo, egqogqa izinto zikatitshala kunye wakrazula elinye lamaphepha encwadi exabiseke kakhulu. Xa utitshala wakhalaza eklasini ngoko kwenzekileyo, UTom wathabatha uxanduva waza wasithabatha isohlwayo ngenxa yoko. Ngombulelo kweli dini, u-Becky washukunyiswa waza waziphelisa zonke iingxabano zabo.
Iiholide kunye nokucamngca
Kwafika ihlobo waza u-Becky wayishiya idolophu. Kwelakhe icala, Tom, ebuhlungu ngokungabikho kwesithandwa sakhe, kwafuneka aphumle iiveki ezimbini kuba wayenesifo semasisi. Emva kwelo xesha, xa lo mfana wayephuma phandle waphawula ukuba wonke umntu kuloo dolophu wayeluthanda unqulo. Le meko yamshukumisa waza, emva kokucingisisa, wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye ngasemva imikhwa yakhe emibi nemikhwa yakhe emibi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ityala likaPotter lalisele liza kuqalisa, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba isazela sikaTom sibe nzima ngakumbi mihla le.: umntu omsulwa wayeza kutyholwa. Yiyo loo nto inkwenkwana yagqiba ekubeni yaphule isifungo kwaye yavuma yonke into eyayiyazi kwigqwetha lommangalelwa. USawyer unike ubungqina enkundleni, Intoni kwanele ukuba bakhulule i-muff, kodwa ayizange imthintele u-Injun Joe ekubalekeni.
Ubutyebi obulahlekileyo
Buyela kwisiqhelo, UTom noHuck Baqhubeka befuna ubutyebi obungcwatyiweyo. Ngolunye usuku babalekela kuJoe waseIndiya kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba bamlandele, yaye ngaloo ndlela bafumanisa ukuba wayenesiphango esisindisiweyo. Ngeentsuku ezilandelayo bobabini baphupha ngokubufumana obo butyebi, kuba babengazange bayibone imali engako.
Ngequbuliso, kwathatha isitulo esingasemva kuTom, kuba uBecky wayebuyele edolophini. Uvuyo lwenkwenkwe lwaluphuphuma. Ngaloo mpela-veki—ngokunyanzelwa yile ntombazana—intsapho yalungiselela ipikiniki encinane yabantwana kuMqolomba kaMcDougal. Emva kokwabelana ixeshana, abafana bagqiba ekubeni bahlolisise iindawo ezingqongileyo, apho benza amaqela.
Njengoko babephonononga, UTom noBecky balahleka baza bavaleleka emqolombeni. Kwangobo busuku, uHuck wagxotha u-Injun Joe waza waphanzisa isicwangciso solwaphulo-mthetho: wayefuna ukwenzakalisa uMhlolokazi uDouglas. Inkwenkwe ekhaliphileyo yeza ngoncedo yaza yasindisa ubomi bomfazi ongenakuzinceda. Emva koko, uHuck wagula, waza umhlolokazi wambulela ngokumnyamekela.
Emva kweentsuku ezivaliweyo, UTom noBecker bazama ukufumana indlela yokuphuma, y ukuba kuyo bafumanisa ukuba uJoe waseIndiya wayengaphakathi emqolombeni. Bashukuma kwangoko bazimela kuye, baza bahlangulwa ngokukhawuleza ngabasemagunyeni, balutywina ucango lwaloo ndawo. Noko ke, xa uTom wayekwazi ukucacisa ukuba iIndiya lalingaphakathi, lalisele lishiywe lixesha, njengoko lo mIndiya wayebulawa yindlala.
Emva komngcwabo wolwaphulo-mthetho, abafana baqala ukuhlangula ubuncwane obufihliweyo kwaye baphumelela: ngoku babezizityebi. UTom wafumana ukuvunywa kusapho lakwaThatcher, owacela ukumnceda angene kwiSikolo soMkhosi. Kwelinye icala, umhlolokazi uDouglas wamkela uHuck, Nangona kunjalo, ebengamfanelanga kwiinguqu kunye nemithetho yoluntu, waza wagqiba kwelokuba abaleke.
Tom, enexhala malunga nomhlobo wakhe onomdla, wamcenga ukuba abuye bemthembisa ukuba, nokuba bazizityebi, baya kuseka iqela eliphumelelayo lamasela.
Sobre el autor
UMark Twain
USamuel Langhorne ClemensIgama elinguMark TwainWazalwa ngoNovemba 30, 1835 eFlorida, eMissouri. Ebutsheni bakhe, emva kokuyeka izifundo zakhe ngenxa yokusweleka kukayise, wasebenza njengomfundi oqeqeshelwa ukuchwetheza kwindlu yokushicilela. Wazibandakanya nokubhala kwaye kungekudala wayesenza ubhalo lobuntatheli.
Ngo-1907 wafumana isidanga sembeko sobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford (eUnited Kingdom). Umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi ubandakanya: iinoveli ezili-12, amabali ama-6, iitekisi zohambo ezi-5, izincoko ezi-4 kunye nencwadi yabantwana e-1. Kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa ilifa lakhe liye ladlula ixesha, igalelo lakhe liye laqatshelwa kwaye izikolo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikolo eziphakamileyo zithiywe ngaye.
UTwain wafa ngo-Aprili 21, 1910, eneminyaka engama-74 ubudala, e-Redding. (eConnecticut, eUnited States).