Inoveli yeGothic isondelelene kakhulu noloyiko. Namhlanje yenye yezona zaziwayo, ezingafumanekiyo kuncwadi kuphela, kodwa nakwimiboniso bhanyabhanya. Sinezinto ezininzi ekubhekiswa kuzo kwinoveli zolu hlobo, eyokuqala ibe yiNqaba yase-Otranto.
Kodwa, Yintoni inoveli ye-gothic? Ziziphi iimpawu ezinazo? Ivele njani? Siza kuthetha nawe ngako konke oku nangaphezulu apha ngezantsi.
Yintoni inoveli ye-gothic
Inoveli yeGothic, ekwabizwa ngokuba yingxelo yeGothic, luhlobo loncwadi. Ezinye iingcali ziyithatha njengengqangi, kuba inxulumene nokoyikisa kwaye bakholelwa ekubeni bobabini kunzima ukwahlula, bade babhide. Ngapha koko, elinye lamabango athethwa ngokubanzi kukuba inoveli eyoyikisayo njengoko siyazi namhlanje ngekhe ibekho ngaphandle kobuqhetseba be-gothic.
La Imbali yenoveli yamaGoth isisa eNgilane, ngakumbi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX apho amabali, amabali kunye neenoveli zaqala ukuvela ezazinempawu ezizodwa: ukubandakanywa kuseto olunye lwezinto zomlingo, ezoyikisayo neziporho, apho zenze ukuba umfundi angakwazi ukwahlula ngokwenyani kwinto engekhoyo.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo ibonakaliswe yinto yokuba umntu wayekwazi ukucacisa yonke into angayiqondiyo esebenzisa isizathu, uncwadi lwalunika abantu umceli mngeni, bezama ukucacisa ngesizathu esenzekileyo (kwaye amaxesha amaninzi bekungenakwenzeka ).
Ngokuchanekileyo, inoveli ye-gothic yamiselwa ukususela ngo-1765 ukuya ku-1820, iminyaka apho ababhali abaninzi baqala ukujonga olu hlobo loncwadi kwaye bathatha amanyathelo abo okuqala (uninzi lwamabali esiporho agciniweyo asusela ngelo xesha).
Ngubani owayengumbhali wokuqala wenoveli yeGothic
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ngubani obhale inoveli yokuqala yeGothic? Ewe kunjalo UHorace Walpole, umbhali weNqaba yase-Otranto, eyapapashwa ngo-1764. Lo mbhali ugqibe kwelokuba azame ukudibanisa izinto zothando lwakudala kunye nenoveli yanamhlanje kuba wayecinga ukuba, ngokwahlukeneyo, bobabini babenomdla kwaye beyinyani, ngokulandelelana.
Yiyo loo nto wenza inoveli esekwe kwimbali yakudala yase-Italiyane egcwele iimfihlakalo, izoyikiso, iziqalekiso, iindawo ezifihlakeleyo namaqhawekazi angakwaziyo ukumelana neloo nto (yiyo loo nto besoloko bephelelwa ngamandla, lolunye uphawu lwenoveli).
Ewe, wayengowokuqala, kodwa ingenguye yedwa. Amagama afana noClara Reeve, uAnn Radcliffe, uMateyu Lewis ... ahambelana nenoveli yamaGoth.
E-Spain sinezalathiso zolu hlobo kuJosé de Urcullu, uAgustín Pérez Zaragoza, u-Antonio Ros de Olano, uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer, uEmilia Pardo Bazán okanye uJosé Zorrilla.
Iimpawu zenoveli yeGothic
Ngoku ukuba uyazi ngakumbi malunga nenoveli yeGothic, ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni ebonakalisa oko. Kwaye, Isichazi "gothic" sanyanzeliswa kuba kumabali amaninzi oyikisayo avele, useto lwabuyela kumaxesha aphakathi, Ukubeka abalinganiswa abaphambili, nokuba kukwindlu enkulu, kakuhle kwinqaba, njl. Kwakhona iipaseji, imingxunya, amagumbi angenanto, njl. Benze ababhali ukuba benze useto olugqibeleleyo. Kulapho kwavela khona eli gama kolu hlobo.
Kodwa yintoni uphawu inoveli Gothic?
Isimo esimdaka
Njengoko besesikuxelele ngaphambili, sithetha ngexesha eliphakathi okanye iindawo ezinjengeenqaba, izindlu ezinkulu, iidolophu ezinike umoya olahliweyo, otshabalalisiweyo, okhathazekileyo, nomoya ...
Kodwa ayizizo zodwa iindawo. Amahlathi, imingxunya, izitrato ezimnyama, i-crypts ... Ngamafutshane, nayiphi na indawo umbhali akwazi ukuyenza imeko eya kuthi inike uloyiko lokwenene.
Izinto ezingaphezu kwendalo
Olunye lweempawu ezisisiseko zoncwadi lwesiGothic, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, zizinto ezingaphaya kwendalo, ezinje ngemimoya, ezingafiyo, iiZombies, izilo ... Baya kuba ngabantu abathandekayo, ewe, kodwa bahlala kwicala loyikiso, abo xa Ukudibana nabo kukunika uloyiko olukhulu. Kule meko, i-vampires inokulungela uhlobo olo.
Abalinganiswa abanomdla
Ukuseta ngcono amabali, ababhali abaninzi babesebenzisa abalinganiswa ababekrelekrele, bebukeka, behlonitshwa ... Kodwa, nzulu ezantsi, nemfihlo ebadlayo, bethatheka yiminqweno yabo, abo bangafuniyo ukuyikhupha kwaye, kuyo yonke imbali, okwenzekayo kubonakalisa ubuso babo bokwenyani. Ukongeza, aba balinganiswa, ukubanika i-nuance "exotic and elegant", ebikade inamagama aphesheya kunye neentyatyambo.
Kule meko, phantse rhoqo kwiinoveli sifumana unxantathu: inene elinobubi, elinokuba yingozi, uloyiko, uloyiko; intombazana engenatyala; kwaye ekugqibeleni iqhawe, elizama ukumsindisa kolo loyiko. Kwaye ewe, likhona inyathelo lothando, nokuba lolona luthambileyo, ukuya kwelona liphuhlileyo.
Iimeko
Ukuhamba kwexesha, amabali apho kwakubaliswa khona mandulo, ilizwe lamaphupha (lamaphupha namaphupha amabi), njl. zezinye zeemeko ezisetyenziswe kwinoveli yeGothic, ngokwenza, ngezihlandlo, umfundi wayenako Ukubaleka okwangoku kwaye ubaleke isigqubuthelo sobunzima kunye nokuthandabuza, kwezinye iimeko zibangela ukuba umntu acinge kwakhona ukuba ingaba yenzekile ngokwenyani.
Ube njani kwindaleko yakho?
Ukuba ngoku sicinga ngenoveli yamaGoth yelo xesha, ngokuqinisekileyo asizukubona ukufana okuninzi nesikuxelele kona. Kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo ukusukela, ngokuhamba kwexesha, olu hlobo luvele.
Enyanisweni, yaqala ukwenza njalo ukusukela nge-1810 okanye njalo, xa i-Gothic yanikezela uloyiko lwangoku, olubonakaliswa luloyiko lwengqondo. Oko kukuthi, yaqala ukubonakala, hayi ukubonakala kweziporho okanye izidalwa eziyimimoya, kodwa yayokungena engqondweni yomfundi ukuba avelise uloyiko ngqo kuye, ukwenza "izoyikiso" zingachazeki, kodwa endaweni yoko , iimeko, njl. Baya kuvelisa ukuziva bexhalabile, ukugqithisa ... ukuya kwinqanaba lokuziva uvalwe kuloo aura yemfihlakalo kunye noloyiko.
Ngesi sizathu, inoveli yesiGoth ngokwayo ibibhalwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Namhlanje, amabali anokufundwa, nangona eyolo hlobo, aguqukile kwaye akasenazo iimpawu ezindala ezichaza olu ncwadi.