UJoseph Joffo Caphula
ingxowa yeebhastile Ngowona msebenzi ummeli weFrench Joseph Joffo. Phezu kwako nje ukugatywa ngabavakalisi abaliqela, wakwazi ukuyipapasha ngowe-1973 kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, apho yaba yimpumelelo ngoko nangoko. Lo mbhalo ubalisa amava ombhali kunye nomntakwabo uMaurece ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa babesengabantwana nje.
Libali apho kukho ukuguquguquka nokungabikho kokusesikweni, nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwamaxesha obunzima, ithemba alize liphele. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, isihloko siye sapapashwa ngeelwimi ezili-18 ezahlukeneyo, kunye nerekhodi yokuthengisa iikopi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20. Kunyaka emva kokunikezelwa kwayo, ingxelo yamkelwa ngeBhaso leBroquette-Gonin.
Isishwankathelo se ingxowa yeebhastile
Ukuqala komsebenzi
EFransi, unyaka 1941, Isibini sikaJoffo sasihlala eParis ngendlela ethozamileyo kwaye ndonwabile, kunye nabantwana babo abancinci, uMaurice noJoseph. Njengesiqhelo, aba bancinci babezonwabisa ngokudlala amabhastile, de kwaba ngenye imini, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, yonke into yatshintsha. Xa bebuyela kwindawo yokucheba kayise, aba bantwana babalekela kumagosa amabini ombutho wamaSS, kwindawo yokuqala ukudibana kwawo namaNazi.
isigqibo esibalulekileyo
Emva kohlaselo lwaseJamani, ubomi bomntu wonke baguquka ngokuphawulekayo; usapho lakwaJoffo lwaqalisa ukoyika ukhuseleko lwalo. Ukukhusela abantwana bakho, wagqiba kwelokuba azithumele eMentón (indawo ekhululekileyo), apho babeza kuphinda badibane nabazalwana babo abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwenkwenkwezi ephuzi, kwakungekho lula ukungabonwa, ngoko ke kwafuneka bazifihle ukuze baphephe umkhosi.
uhambo olunzima
Ukudinwa kweekhilomitha ezihanjiweyo kwakusongamela. Ngexesha lokuwela bakwazi ukufumana imali kwaye bakwazi ukutya, nangona ukunqongophala kwezinto eziyimfuneko ngenxa yokuvela kwemfazwe kwenza yonke into yaba nzima. Indlela yayidlakazwa ngamajoni amaNazi, ngoko kwakufuneka enze izinto ezithile ukuze angabanjwa.
ngaphandle kokulahla ithemba
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke imiqobo, abantu abatsha badibana noAlbert noHenri eMentonkwaye, emva kwexesha elide, kamva bathelela abazali babo eNice. Bakuba besekhaya, babuyela esiqhelweni kwakhona baza babuyela esikolweni unyaka ulandelelana.
kunjalo, ukuzola akuzange kuhlale xesha lide, ukususela ummandla wase-Italiya waqhekezwa ngamaJamani, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba bahlukane. Kwakunje abazalwana bakaJoffo nentsapho yabo iphela baqala uhambo olutsha. Ngeli xesha lokungaqiniseki okuzele ngamahla-ndinyuka, kwafuneka bajamelane nobunzima, ukubanjwa, ukugxothwa nokunye okuninzi, ngenxa nje yokuba babengamaYuda.
Idatha esisiseko yomsebenzi
ingxowa yeebhastile Yiyo inoveli yobomi bakhe, eParis, eFransi, ngeminyaka yee-40. Eli nqaku lityhila izahluko ezingaphezu kwe-11—amaphepha angama-253—. Ibaliswa kumntu wokuqala ngomnye wabalinganiswa bayo, ngolwimi olulula nolunovakalelo. Umbhali ubalule imfesane, uthando kunye nobuzalwana kwimbali yonke.
Abalingiswa
UJoseph (Jojo)
Ungumlinganiswa ophambili kunye nombalisi ophambili wale noveli. Uneminyaka eli-10 ubudala kwaye ungunyana omncinane kusapho lakwaJoffo. Ekunye nomntakwabo, uqalisa uhambo olunzima lokusindisa ubomi babo.. Kulo lonke uhambo wabonisa inkalipho enkulu, nto leyo eyamvumela ukuba azomeleze aze atsibe imiqobo eyayiza kuye.
Maurice
Ungomnye wabalinganiswa benoveli. okhapha uJojo kuhambo oluya kwindawo ekhululekileyo. Nangona ndandineminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala, ngokuzithoba wayithabatha indima yakhe njengomzalwana omdala. Yiyo loo nto ndizama ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imiyalelo kayise, nangona kukho ubunzima endleleni. Kanye njengokuba ngamaxesha onke wayemkhusela umzalwana wakhe yaye embonisa uthando lwakhe.
UMnu Joffo
Unguyise kaMaurice noJoseph. Yena -isiqwenga sembali- nguye ekufuneka enze isigqibo esinzima sokuthumela abantwana bakhe abancinci ababini kude. Ukongezelela, wabayalela ngenkqubo yokufuduka nendlela abafanele baziphathe ngayo de babafumane abazalwana babo. Ngobungqwabalala wabafundisa indlela ababefanele bakhanyele ngayo ukuba babengamaYuda, kuba kwakuxhomekeke kuloo nto amandla okuphila.
Abanye abalinganiswa
Ngexesha lebali, abalinganiswa abaninzi baye bangenelela ababemele iJoffo. Phakathi kwabo, abazalwana benu, owabakhusela ngamaxesha abalulekileyo ahlukeneyo. nazo zigqame Zerati —Umhlobo kaJojo ongengomYuda, owamxhasayo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima— kunye nobhishophu wesixeko —owawancedayo ukuqhatha amaGestapo ukuze aqhubeke nenqwelo-moya yawo—.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwefilimu
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimuvi ezimbini zenziwe. ingxowa yeebhastile, zombini imveliso yesiFrentshi. Eyokuqala Yayilawulwa nguJacques Doillon ngo-1975, kwiminyaka nje emibini emva kokukhululwa kwale noveli. Ngelishwa, ifilimu yayingenabo abadlali abaqeqeshiweyo, kwaye akazange ayonwabele imvume yombhali walo msebenzi.
Ifilimu yesibini yakhululwa ngo-2017 kwaye yayilawulwa nguCristian Duguay. Ngeli xesha uhlengahlengiso lwalunyanisekile kwinto ebaliswayo kule ncwadi, kwaye ngenxa yoko lwatsala abantu abaninzi. Ifilimu yayisetwa ngobuchule, ukufumana ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo isiphumo sokuzala esishiywe ngu Umsebenzi wamaNazi kumhlaba waseFransi.
Malunga nombhali, uJoseph Joffo
uJoseph joffo
UJoseph Joffo wazalwa ngo-Aprili 2, 1931 ePais, eFransi. Uyise wayengumRashiya emigré Romano Joffo kunye nonina u-violinist u-Anna Markoff. Wahlala ebuntwaneni bakhe kwindawo yamaYuda Arrodissement, kwikomkhulu laseFransi. Pha wafunda kwikholeji yaseRue Ferdinand-Flocom. Kangangeminyaka elishumi yonke into yahamba ngendlela eqhelekileyo de kwafika amaNazi kweli lizwe.
Xa wayefikisa, emva kokudibana kwakhona nosapho lwakhe, waphinda wahlala eParis. Uthe xa eneminyaka elishumi elinesine wasiyeka isikolo. —eqhutywa kukufa kukayise—waze wathabathel’ indawo indawo yokucheba yentsapho kunye nabakhuluwa bakhe.
Amava omsebenzi
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe uYosefu UJoff wema njengombhali, umgcini wesikrini, umlingisi, umbhali wenoveli kunye nosomashishini. Kangangeminyaka emininzi wayesebenza njengomlungisi weenwele kwaye waqhubeka nelifa likayise ngokuseka iisalon ezilishumi elinesibini eParis, kunye nabasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-400. Yile ndlela awakha ngayo i-empire edumileyo ye-aesthetics enobubanzi kunye nokukhetha abathengi.
Ngo-1970, ngenxa yesiganeko se-ski, wanyanzelwa ukuba abe sekhaya kwaye aqhube ishishini lakhe ukusuka apho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kwabangela ukuba anikezele umkhombandlela kwiisalon zakhe, emvumela ukuba aqalise ukubamba iinkumbulo zakhe zobuntwana, kwaye abone ukuzalwa kwenoveli yakhe yokuqala.
Uhlanga loncwadi
Ngo-1973, umbhali wapapasha inoveli yakhe yokuqala, ingxowa yeebhastile, ngohlelo lombhali uPatrick Cauvin. Umsebenzi wafumana a impumelelo encomekayo kwaye yavelisa ikhondo likaJoffo. Nangona ukuqala kwakhe kwihlabathi loncwadi kwakusemva kwexesha, intshukumisa yesi sihloko yaba kukuba umbhali wakwazi ukuqhubeka nobomi bakhe njengombhali. Olo loyiso lokuqala lwalandelwa zezinye iinoveli ezili-16, phakathi kwazo ezibalaseleyo: UAnna kunye neokhestra yakhe (1975) USimon nenkwenkwe (1981) kunye Le Partage (2005).
Ukufa
UJoseph Joffo wasweleka ngoDisemba 6, 2018 eSaint-Laurent-du-Var, kuMlambo iFrench Riviera, oneminyaka engama-87 ubudala. Kangangexesha elide wayekhathazwa sisifo esiyingozi esamkhokelela ekubeni achithe iintsuku zakhe zokugqibela esibhedlele. Ukuphumla kwakhe kuphumle kwingcwaba lasePère Lachaise, enye yezona zinkulu kwaye ziyaziwa kakhulu eParis.