Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba

Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba (Ukufa kweVerwandlung -Isihloko sokuqala ngesiJamani) lelinye lawona mabali aziwa kakhulu ngumbhali uFranz Kafka. Inika uGregorio Samsa, umrhwebi oselula owavuka ngenye imini wajika waba luhlobo lwesinambuzane esibi. Ngaphandle kwembonakalo yakhe entsha, umlinganiswa ophambili wazama ukubuyela kubomi bakhe obuqhelekileyo, njengoko wayesiva uxinzelelo lokuba kuphela komondli osapho.

Kungumsebenzi onazo zonke iimpawu zento ebizwa ngokuba "ngamabali e-Kafkaesque". Kuzo, umlinganiswa ophambili utyhilwe kwimeko yokubandezeleka, yokucinezela kunye neyokugqibela. Ngokulinganayo, Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba Inobungqina beempawu ezizenzekelayo ngenxa yendlela ejongene nemiba efana nokuzikhetha, ukwaliwa, i-claustrophobia kunye nokugula.

Malunga nombhali, uFranz Kafka

UFranz Kafka wazalwa ngoJulayi 3, 1883, ePrague, usapho olwalusisityebi lwamaJuda amancinci athetha isiJamani. Abakhuluwa bakhe basweleka esemncinci. Wahlala ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe nosapho, esondelelene kakhulu noodadewabo uElli, uValli no-Otla. Akazange atshate, nangona wayeganene kabini.

Wafunda ezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yasePrague kwaye wasebenzela inkampani yeinshurensi yoluntu phakathi kuka-1908 no-1917. Kwafuneka ayeke umsebenzi ngenxa yesifo sephepha. Emva kwemizamo emibini yokuchacha ecaleni kweLake Parda naseMeramo, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba angene kwisibhedlele i-Kierling (e-Austria) ngo-1920. Apho wasweleka nge-3 kaJuni ka-1924.

Iimpembelelo zoncwadi, isimbo kunye nemixholo

Ezona mpembelelo zakhe ziphambili zoncwadi yayinguHenrik Ibsen, uBaruch Spinoza, uNietzsche, uSøren Kierkegaard, uGustave Flaubert, uFriedrich Hebbel, noAdalbert Stifter. Kwangokunjalo, uFranz Kafka uthathwa njengombhali kunye nombhali we-surrealist. Amabali akhe abonisa umxube ohambelanayo wesigqebelo, ubume bendalo, inkohliso kunye nenyani, phakathi kwe-claustrophobic, isaqhwithi kunye nemimoya engqongileyo.

Ngapha koko, umsebenzi kaKafka wahlolwa ngexesha lobusoshiyali eCzechoslovakia ngenxa yelifa lakhe lesiHebhere, Wade wabizwa ngegama elithi "reactionary". NgokukaMax Brod (umbhali ngobomi bakhe kunye nomhlobo), iingxoxo zikaKafka zilayishwe ngamava ngokuphila kwakhe. Ke ngoko, ukwaliwa kotata, iishedyuli zomsebenzi, uthando lwabo, isizungu kunye nokugula, yimixholo eqhelekileyo.

Enkosi kuMax Brod

UFranz Kafka ucele uMax Brod ukuba atshabalalise yonke imibhalo yakhe emva kokubhubha kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uBrod wenza okwahlukileyo, wabapapasha. Phakathi kwezihloko zokuqala emva kokufa Inkqubo (1925) Inqaba (1926) kunye America (Ngo-1927). Ngokufunyanwa okungaziwayo, uluntu lwaqala ukuba nomdla kweminye imisebenzi kaKafka.

Emva kwexesha, bavela Udonga lwamaTshayina (1931) Iidayari (1937) Iileta eziya eMilena (1952) kunye Iileta eziya kuFelice (1957). Namhlanje, uthathwa njengomnye wababhali abanobuqaqawuli kuncwadi lwaseJamani, kunye nomnye wababhali abanempembelelo kunye nobuchule benkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ewe, njengamanye amaninzi, ukwamkelwa kweza emva kokubhubha kwakhe.

Imisebenzi ipapashwe esaphila

• Ukucamngca (Ibhetrachtung, 1913).
• Isivakalisi (Uko urteiNgo-1913).
• Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba (Ukufa kweVerwandlung, 1916).
• Ileta eya kutata (Ngcaciso emfutshane ngomqolomba, 1919).
• Kwikoloni (Kwi-der Strafkolonie, 1919).
• Ugqirha wasezilalini (Ein Landarzt, 1919).
• Igcisa lendlala (a Indlala, 1924).

Isishwankathelo se Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba

Inguqu

Ibali liqala ngohlengahlengiso lukaGregorio Samsa, umhambi ongumrhwebi, ukuya kwi-monster ekhangeleka njengeqhude kunye noqongqothwane. Wayefuna ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kungekudala waqonda ukuba kufuneka kuqala afunde indlela yokuhamba ngenkangeleko yakhe entsha kunye nezinto azithandayo ukutya.

Ejongene nemeko engalindelekanga, udadewabo wazinikela ukuba amtyise kwaye acoce igumbi lakhe. Njengoko iintsuku zihamba, uGregorio waziva eyahlulwa ngakumbi nosapho kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe kwatshintsha. Wayekhululekile ukufihla phantsi kwesitulo kwaye wayekuvuyela ukumamela incoko kwigumbi elalikufutshane.

Ukuchasana notshintsho

Amalungu osapho lakwaSamsa ayengonwabanga kwimeko yabo entsha, kuba uGregorio wayekuphela kwenkxaso yemali. Ngenxa yoko, banyanzelwa ukuba banciphise iindleko zabo kwaye banike umsebenzi wezindlu umsebenzi omncinci. Udadewabo - ngolwaneliseko lukayise, owayeyiphepha ingxaki kwaye enqabela umama wakhe ukuba eze kumbona - waqala ukungamnaki uGregorio.

Isithintelo

I-Samsa yanyanzeleka ukuba ifumane ezinye iindlela zokuzixhasa kwaye yafumana abaqeshi abathathu ekhayeni labo. Kodwa iqhinga alisebenzi kuba ngolunye usuku uGregorio washiya igumbi lakhe lilahlekisiwe ngumculo wevayoli eyadlalwa ngudade wabo kubakhenkethi. Aba, xa babona ubugebenga, babaleka kuloo ndawo ngaphandle kokuhlawula nepeni.

Ngokungaqhelekanga, bobabini uGregorio kunye nosapho bakhe babecinga ukuba esona sisombululo sisiso kukunyamalala kwesigebenga. Ke ngoko, uGregorio wazivalela egumbini lakhe; isicakazana eso samfumana efile ngengomso. Nangona amalungu osapho lwakhe eziva kabuhlungu, imvakalelo yokukhululeka yayikhudlwana. Ekugqibeleni, iSamsa yagqiba kwelokuba imke kwaye iqale ubomi obutsha.

Uhlalutyo

Ukufa kukaGregorio kubangelwe ziziganeko ezibini. Okokuqala, uGregorio weva indlela acekiswa ngayo zizizalamane zakhe kunye nesicakakazi. Emva koko, ophambili waziphosa kuxinzelelo olunzulu, wayengasafuni ukuqhubeka nokuphila. Okwesibini, utata wakhe waphosa iapile emqolo xa wayevela kwigumbi lokutyela.

Iintsalela zeziqhamo zabola zaza zanegciwane emzimbeni kaGregorio ohlwempuzekileyo. Ukongeza, akukho mntu wayefuna ukumkhathalela okanye ukumkhathalela kwakhona. Ke ngoko, ukufa yayikuphela kwesiphelo. Ngale ndlela, uKafka ubhengeza imixholo eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nokuzingca, ukuba nomdla, ukungabi nanceba kunye nethuba elinomdla lomntu.

Imiyalezo engekhoyo kwi Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba

UKafka ukuveza ngokucacileyo ngokucacileyo indlela uluntu oluhlukumeza ngayo abantu abahlukileyo kwabanye. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba ngaba ngabantu abaluncedo kusapho lwakho nakwindawo ohlala kuyo, ayichaphazeleki ukuba ngabasebenzi bemanyano. Zonke ezi mpawu zixatyisiwe nguGregorio, oziva ukuba uxanduva lumenza ukuba akhathalele abo abathandayo (nokuba imeko yabo ayinabuzaza).

Nokuba umlinganiswa ophambili uthatha ukuhlawulwa kwamatyala aveliswe yindlela yokuphila yabazali bakhe. Nangona kunjalo - kumdlalo obonisa ukungacingeli - iSamsa ayinabo ubumbano oluncinci notshintsho lukaGregorio. Endaweni yoko, bakhalaza ngokusebenza.

Umbhali unemibuzo ngokunzulu ngokuba ingaba zikhona na ezo mpawu zisichaza "njengabantu" kwaye zisenza sahluke kwizilwanyana., kwaye ishiya phambili ukuba, eneneni, siphila ngokweminqweno yethu. Isicatshulwa sisaziboleka kumakhulu otoliko, nangona kunjalo, kuyacaca ukuba ikubeka elubala iimpazamo ezininzi zoluntu.