Incwadi yothando olulungileyo

Umasipala waseHita

Umasipala waseHita

Incwadi yothando olulungileyo (1330 kunye ne-1343) yingxubevange eyenziwe nguJuan Ruiz, owayesebenza njengoMbingeleli omkhulu waseHita ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Lo msebenzi - eyaziwa ngokuba Incwadi ka-Archpriest o Incwadi yeengoma- Ithathwa njengeklasikhi yoncwadi lwamaxesha aphakathi eSpanish. Ukuqulunqwa kwayo kubanzi, kukho izitanza ezingaphezu kwe-1.700 apho kuchazwa i-autobiography yombhali.

Kukho imibhalo-ngqangi emithathu yale ncwadi—S, G noT—, engekagqitywa. Kwezi, "S" okanye "Salamanca" yeyona ipheleleyo, ngelixa ezinye ziqulethe kuphela amaqhekeza omsebenzi. Ngokufanayo, ukudalwa kwayo kubonisa imihla emibini: 1330 kunye ne-1343; Oku kubini kungenxa yamaxwebhu oqobo afunyenweyo. I-"S" version (1343) luhlaziyo lwe "G", apho iingoma ezintsha zongezwa.

Uhlalutyo Incwadi yothando olulungileyo

Intshayelelo yomsebenzi

Eli candelo lesicatshulwa libhalwe ngeprozi - ngokungafaniyo nomsebenzi wonke. Apha, umbhali uchaze iinjongo zale ncwadi kunye nokuchazwa kwayo okunokwenzeka. Ukwathe yalungiswa esuka entolongweni. Kule nto, abahlalutyi abaninzi bacinga ukuba yayiyintsomi, kuba ayithethi ngentolongo yokwenene, kodwa ibhekisela kubomi basemhlabeni.

UDon Amor vs Arcipreste

Umbhali uqala isicatshulwa ngokuba nesikhalazo kuDon Amor Kwimeko yokuqala, wamtyhola ngokuba netyala lezono ezinkulu. Yintoni egqithisile, Wathi uthando luyonakalisa, njengoko lubaphambanisa abantu, ngoko ke wacebisa ukuba balushiye ummandla walo. Ukuchaza imbono yakhe, u-Archpriest wasebenzisa amabali amaninzi, phakathi kwawo wachaza "idonki kunye nehashe", njengomzekelo wokuzingca ebantwini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UDon Amor waphendula ngokumnika ezinye iimfundiso. Kule nto wasebenzisa i-Ovid kunye ne ukulungiswa kwe sebenza ukusuka kwiXesha eliphakathi: UArs Amandi. Kwimpendulo yakhe, wachaza indlela umfazi ofezekileyo afanele abe ngayo kwaneempawu ezintle amele abe nazo imini nobusuku. Ukongeza koku, wamcenga ukuba afune "umlinganisi" - ingcali ekwenzeni iipilisi zothando - ukumcebisa.

Ukuthandana kukaDon Melón ukuya kuDoña Endrina

Libali eliphambili lale ncwadi. Kuyo, uRuiz wahlengahlengisa umdlalo ohlekisayo wamaxesha aphakathi kumsebenzi wakhe: I-Pamphilus (kwinkulungwane XII). Ingxelo ikumntu wokuqala kwaye inabalinganiswa abakhankanywe ngasentla: uDon Melón kunye noDoña Endrina.. Kweli yelenqe, le ndoda yafuna umcebisi omdala—uTrotaconventos—ukuze yoyise eli nenekazi kuthethwa ngalo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona uthando lwenyama lunendima ebalulekileyo, ngezihlandlo eziliqela kuthethwa ngendlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukusondela eluthandweni lukaThixo.

I-Trotaconventos yangena esenzweni, yakhangela uDona Endrina kwaye yamqinisekisa ukuba adibane noDon Melon kwindlu yakhe endala. Kanye xa badibana, kucingelwa ukuba - ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamaphepha emibhalo-ngqangi - ukuba babenobudlelwane obusondeleyo.

Kwakunje —Ngexabiso lenkohliso nemigibe— ekugqibeleni kwavunyelwana ngomtshato Phakathi kwabo bobabini. Iqhinga lomcebisi lalilula, kodwa lisebenza: ekuphela kwendlela yokususa isidima somfazi yayikukutshata.

IiAdventures eSierra de Segovia

Eli lelinye lamabali abalaseleyo eArchpriest. Apha ubalisa indlela awayehamba ngayo eSierra de Segovia, apho wadibana nabantu abaninzi bedolophu encinane. Owokuqala kubo yayingu "La chata", umfazi ongcolileyo ongenazintloni. Ngokuphandle, wayedla ngokucela izipho ukuze afumane ububele obungokwesini. Ngobuchule, le ndoda yakwazi ukusaba kule nakwamanye amabhinqa aselula aseSomosierra.

Endleleni yokubaleka, wafumana enye intaba emazantsi entaba. Lo mfazi "wayekhohlakele" kunabanye. UMfundisi Omkhulu wacela indawo yokhuseleko, kwaye, ngembuyekezo, wamcela uhlobo oluthile lwentlawulo —Iisondo okanye izinto eziphathekayo. Ngeli xesha, indoda, ihlazekile ngenxa yenkazana enomtsalane, yanikezela Ndiyavuma uxwebhu lwezikhalazo.

Ukhuphiswano phakathi kukaDon Carnal kunye neDoña Cuaresma

Emva kweengoma ezithile eziya kwiNtombi Enyulu - ngenxa yokusondela kweVeki eNgcwele - ibali elingumfuziselo malunga nedabi eliphakathi kukaDon Carnal kunye noDona Cuaresma liyaboniswa. Apha, umbhali ubonisa ukungqubana okuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminqweno yehlabathi kunye nomoya. Lo mbhalo ubaliswa njengento ehlekisayo kwaye ukhuthazwe ziingoma zesenzo samaxesha aphakathi.

UDon Carnal waqokelela abomeleleyo kwaye ayinakoyiswa umkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, incasa yeqela lakhe ukutya kunye iwayini eyenziwe uhambe ngendlela embi ukuya edabini. Oko kwavumela ungquzulwano ukuba lulungelelane ngakumbi, kwaye UNkosikazi Ukuzila wenze kakhulu inzuzo kunye uphumelele uloyiso. Emva kokuba woyisiwe, uDon Carnal wabanjwa kwaye wabekwa isohlwayo esiqatha.

Amabali okugqibela othando lweArchpriest

Umfundisi omkhulu akazange aphumle ekufuneni uthandoWazama kwaye wazama ukuyifumana kwii-adventure ezininzi. Kuzo zonke wacela uncedo kwiTrotaconventos kwakhona. Enye yeengcebiso zomlingane omdala yayikukuthandana nomhlolokazi, nangona kunjalo, umfazi ohloniphekileyo akazange aqiniseke ngokupheleleyo kwaye indoda yahluleka. Emva koko, i-protagonist yazama kunye nomnini, kodwa ayizange iphumelele.

Ke UTrotaconventos wacebisa ukuba azame unongendi ogama linguGaroza. U-Archpriest wazama ukumenza ukuba athande, kodwa lo mfazi wabambelela kwizibhambathiso zakhe zikaThixo kwaye emva nje kokufa kwakhe. Le ndoda yaqhubeka nehambo yayo, kwaye emva kokukhubeka okungaka, yakwazi ukuba nobudlelwane obuncinane ne-blackberry.

Kungekudala emva kolo loyiso lufutshane, umenzi womdlalo wasweleka. Loo lahleko, ngokuqinisekileyo, yachaphazela kakhulu i-protagonist. Emva kwezinye iingoma zentombi kunye namaxesha kuThixo, Umbingeleli omkhulu wayigqiba incwadi ngokupha kwakhona imiyalelo indlela yokuyitolika.

Malunga nombhali: UJuan Ruiz, uArchpriest waseHita

UJuan Ruiz wayeyicawa kunye nomfundisi omkhulu waseHita, umasipala waseSpain kwiphondo laseGuadalajara. Idatha ngemvelaphi yayo kunye nobomi bunqongophele, into encinci eyaziwayo ithathwa kulo msebenzi mnye: Incwadi yothando olulungileyo. Kucingelwa ukuba wazalwa ngo-1283 eAlcalá de Henares kwaye wafunda eToledo, eHita - indawo awazalelwa kuyo - okanye indawo ekufutshane.

Kwakhona Kucingelwa ukuba wayenolwazi olubalulekileyo lomculo, olubonakaliswa kwisichazi-magama sakhe esichanekileyo ngalo mbandela. Abanye bacinga - yi Umbhalo-ngqangi weSalamanca- ukuba wabanjwa ngokomyalelo ka-Archbishop Gil de Albornoz, nangona abagxeki abaninzi behluke kuloo ngcamango. Ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu ahlukeneyo, kucingelwa ukuba ukufa kwakhe kwabhalwa ngonyaka we-1351; Ngelo xesha wayengasasebenzi njengoMbingeleli Omkhulu wakwaHita.

Ingxabano ngedolophu yakowabo

Iingcali zamaxesha aphakathi U-Emilio Sáez kunye noJosé Trenchs baqinisekisile kwiNkongolo yonyaka ka-1972 ukuba idolophu yakuloJuan Ruiz yayiyiAlcalá la Real—iBenzayde (1510c) -. Bakwaqinisekisa ukuba uchithe malunga neminyaka eyi-10 yobuntwana bakhe kuloo ndawo. Lonke olu lwazi lwaqulunqwa emva kophando olude lweengcali; nangona kunjalo, olu phononongo alukwazanga ukugqitywa ngenxa yokufa okungalindelekanga kwabo bobabini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Umbhali-mbali waseSpeyin uRamón Gonzálvez Ruiz wavakalisa Oku kulandelayo kwindibano yesigqeba ngowama-2002: “Kuyo yonke incwadi yakhe uJuan Ruiz ebetyala iinkcukacha kwibali lakhe lobomi. Umele ukuba wazalelwa eAlcalá, njengoko ivesi edumileyo apho iTrotaconventos ibulisa i-blackberry icebisa egameni lomfundisi omkhulu: "Ulungisiwe, ovela e-Alcalá uyakubulisa kakhulu" (stanza 1510a) ".

Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, akukho nanye kwezi thiyori zimbini eziye zaqinisekiswa ngumthombo ocacileyo, kwaye zombini izixeko zisalwela ukuqondwa.. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lutyekele kwingcamango kaGonzálvez Ruiz, kuba iAlcalá de Henares (Madrid) ngummandla okufutshane ne-Hita (Guadalajara).


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