H. G. Wells Caphula
Umntu ongabonakaliyo yinoveli eyenziwe ngumbhali waseBritane uHG Wells. Phambi kokuba likhutshwe likwimo yeencwadi ngo-1897, ibali lafakwa kwimagazini edumileyo Pearsons Magazine kwangaloo nyaka. Ukusukela ngoko, Indoda engabonakaliyo - Isihloko soqobo ngesiNgesi - sahlengahlengiswa amaxesha amaninzi kwifilimu, unomathotholo, umabonakude kunye namabali ahlekisayo.
nayo, ligama lengoma elisetyenziswa ngamaqela e-rock afana no-Queen, Helloween kunye ne-Marillion, phakathi kwezinye. Nkqu isiRashiya popularizer zenzululwazi Yakov I. Perelman (igqalwe umanduleli uncwadi lwenzululwazi ethandwayo) waphakamisa ingxoxo enzulu malunga neethiyori le ncwadi ngo-1913. Namhlanje, izifundiswa ziyithatha enye "engenakuphepheka" yenzululwazi.
Uhlalutyo kunye nesishwankathelo sencwadi El ndoda ezingabonakaliyo
Indlela yokuqala
Kungene indoda engaqhelekanga Ndijonge indawo yokuhlala kwidolophu yase-Iping, eSussex, ENgilani. Umbandela ubonakala ugutyungelwe yimpahla eshushu, enxibe iiglavu, umnqwazi kwaye ubuso bakhe bugqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngamabhandeji kunye neendondo ezinkulu. Ngokukwanjalo, ucela ngokungqongqo uNksk. Hall (umgcini wendlu yabahambi) ukuba ahlale yedwa kwigumbi lakhe, apho asebenza khona ngezixhobo zaselabhoratri.
Kungekudala emva koko, abahlali baqala ukuzibuza ukuba ngubani lo wasemzini ungabonwanga mntu emini, kuba uphuma ebusuku ehostele kuphela. Kusenjalo, kuvakala imiphangi engaqondakaliyo phakathi kwezindlu zale dolophu, iqhutywa lisela elingazange libonwe mntu.
Abalinganiswa abaphambili
Umlinganiswa ophambili
Umlinganiswa ophambili ngu Griffin, isazinzulu esikrelekrele esinemigaqo yokuziphatha ethandabuzekayo, ngoko ke, akanazintloni yaye akalibazisi ukuba okanye ukubulala xa ekubona kuyimfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, u-Wells akamvezi njenge-psychopath enokubakho kwasekuqaleni. Kunoko, ubonakala eyindoda enengqiqo, nangona, ekuqaleni, i-halo yokungaqiniseki ibonakala malunga nomfanekiso wakhe ongaqhelekanga.
Mnu mangala
Ungumhambi odibana noGriffin kwi-Iping Hills, ENgilani - idolophu apho iziganeko zenzeke - xa owokugqibela wabaleka emapoliseni emva kokwenza uthotho lokuphanga. Kungekudala, uMarvel unyanzelwa ngusosayensi ukuba asebenzisane naye de umntu ongenakhaya aye kwabasemagunyeni xa efumanisa ukuba umntu ongabonakaliyo uyaphambana.
UGqr Kemp
Ukulandela "ukungcatshwa" kukaMarvel, uGriffin ufika kwidolophu engaselwandle yaseBurdock kwaye uzama ukungena kwindawo yokungena. Kodwa ubhaqwe, engxwelerhekile yimbumbulu yaye, phakathi konxunguphalo, ubalekela kwindlu ekufuphi. Le ndlu kuthethwa ngayo ijike ibe yeyakhe UGqr. Kemp, umhlobo omdala wasekholejini.
Ithiyori yokungabonakali
ukusuka kwintlanganiso kwabafundi babini bangaphambili bezonyango, izizathu ezichaza imeko yomzimba kunye nokuziphatha okuyingozi kwe-protagonist kutyhilwa. Oku kuthethelela imeko yakhe kwinkxwaleko awayenayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, eyabangela ukuba ayile into engaphaya kwengqondo ngokwenene. Le ndalo yayiyifomula yokuba izinto ziyeke ukufunxa nokubonakalisa ukukhanya.
Ubume bokubalisa kunye nesimbo
Umntu ongabonakaliyo yincwadi efundwa ngokukhawuleza xa kujongwa ubude bayo; inamaphepha aphakathi kwama-211 nama-230, kuxhomekeke kuhlelo lweSpanish. Kwakhona, izahluko zayo ezimfutshane izalisekisa ngokugqibeleleyo umdla owenziwe ngosiba olukhawulezayo lombhali waseBritane. Ngokunjalo, sisicatshulwa esizaliswe ziimpawu ezibalisayo; umzekelo: inkcazo yomlo womntu ongenakubonwa.
Ngale ndlela, umfundi uxhuzulwa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni yingxaki ekhoyo ngokudityaniswa nesingqisho esiguqukayo seziganeko. Ukongeza, ukuvalwa komsebenzi kuhambelana nokulindela okwenziweyo kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, kushiya indawo yokutolika okungakumbi. Konke oku kuncediswe ngobunzulu bengqondo yabalinganiswa.
Malunga nombhali, H.G. Wells
HG Wells
Ubuntwana kunye nolutsha
UHerbert George Wells Wazalelwa eBromley, eKent, eNgilani, ngoSeptemba 21, 1866, kusapho olukumgangatho ophantsi. Kwiminyaka esibhozo, umbhali wexesha elizayo waphula umlenze wakhe, owamnyanzela ukuba aphumle ebhedini iinyanga ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, inkwenkwana yaqalisa ukufunda ukuze ihambise ixesha; kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva kwaba ngumnqweno kwaye umnqweno wakhe wokubhala wazalwa.
Loo mkhwa wehla kakhulu xa, ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwakhe kweminyaka elishumi elinanye, uyise wafumana ingozi eyamenza wangakwazi ukondla intsapho yakhe. Ngoko ke, uWells oselula nabantakwabo kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenze ngoxa babegqibezela izifundo zabo zesibini. Ngo-1884, uHerbert wangena kwiKholeji yaseRoyal yeSayensi eLondon ngokufunda, apho wayephantsi koqeqesho luka-TH Huxley.
Imitshato neengcinga zezopolitiko
U-HG Wells wayetshatile kabini kwaye waba neentlobano ezimbalwa ngaphandle komtshato kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Amaqabane abo yayinguElizabeth Mary Wells (phakathi kowe-1891 – 1894) noAmy Catherine Robbins (phakathi kowe-1895 – 1927); nowokugqibela wayenabantwana ababini. Ukongeza, umbhali waseCanti wayenemicimbi iminyaka eliqela nabantu abadumileyo abanjengo-Odette Zoé Keun, uRebeca West okanye uMargaret Sanger.
Aba yayingabafazi abanotyekelo lwenkululeko kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga ngelo xesha. Ngapha koko, iWest kunye neSanger okwangoku zibonwa njengenye yezandulela eziphambili zento ebizwa ngokuba yi-first-wave feminism. Ngokufanayo, U-Wells wayekholelwa ngokuqinileyo kukulingana ngokwesini kwaye wayeyinxalenye yeFabian Society, umbutho wezopolitiko ongasekhohlo.
Umsebenzi woncwadi
Ngaphandle kokubhala UWells wayeyintatheli, isazi sezentlalo, umbhali-mbali kwaye, ewe, ugqirha weBiology. Zonke ezi nkalo zibonakaliswe kwinxalenye enkulu yekhathalogu yakhe ebanzi yopapasho loncwadi, olubandakanya iziqwenga ezininzi zokungafi. intsomi yesayensi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ziyimisebenzi enqamlezileyo malunga nenzululwazi, yezopolitiko kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha yengqondo yesiNgesi. Umzekelo:
- En umatshini wexesha (1895), umbhali uvakalisa uluvo lwakhe ngomzabalazo wodidi;
- Imida yeenqobo ezisesikweni zenzululwazi zenza umongo wengxoxo we Isiqithi sikaGqirha Moreau (1896) kunye Umntu ongabonakaliyo;
- Imfazwe yeHlabathi (1898) sisicatshulwa esizaliswe kukugxeka impiriyali yaseBritane;
- Umlinganiswa oyintloko wenoveli Ana Veronica (1909) libhinqa eliselula elivukela inkqubo yoosolusapho ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini;
- Iyelenqe elivulekileyo (1922) sisincoko seencyclopedic esithetha ngamandla azitshabalalisayo oluntu.
Ezinye izihloko eziphawulekayo ze-HR Wells (ikakhulu kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kumxholo)
- Bungee Iringithoni (1909);
- Ibali likaMnu. Polly (1910);
- Isishwankathelo seMbali (1920);
- Ubume bezinto ezizayo (1933);
- Uvavanyo kwi-Autobiography (1934).