Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ababhali abaninzi basishiyele imizekelo yee-eclogues eziye zafundwa, zahlalutywa kwaye zatolikwa. Nangona kunjalo, nangona namhlanje eli gama libonakala lingasetyenziswa kwaye liyinxalenye yoncwadi olungenakamva, inyaniso kukuba isenokungabi njalo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-eclogue kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umzekelo wayo, ngezantsi sifumene ezinye ezinokuba nomdla ukwazi (ukuba awukazifundi okwangoku).
Yintoni i-eclogue
I-eclogue ichazwa njengokwakheka apho iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukubonakaliswa kufuneka kuhanjiswe… Ngamanye amaxesha, ababhali basebenzisa le ngxoxo apho abalinganiswa ababini nangaphezulu bathatha inxaxheba; kodwa inokwenziwa njengemonologue.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze-eclogue umxholo ongundoqo oya kuhlala unxulumene neemvakalelongokuqhelekileyo uthando.
Ku yaziwa ukuba i-eclogue yokuqala ekhoyo yabhalwa nguTheocritus, ngokukodwa ngenkulungwane yesine ngaphambi kukaKristu. Isihloko salo sasiyi "Idylls" elithetha ngesiGrike samandulo "imibongo emincinci". Ewe, abanye ababhali balandela, abanje ngeBion yaseErmyrna, Virgilio, Giovanni Boccaccio...
Ngamaxesha amaRoma yayithandwa kakhulu kwaye kwenzeka into efanayo kwiRenaissance. Ngoko akuyi kumangaliswa ukuba ibuyele kwifashoni.
Iimpawu ze-eclogue
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba sele sikhankanye ngaphambili ezinye zeempawu ze-eclogue, inyaniso kukuba inezinye ezininzi. Apha sizishwankathela:
umculo wakhe
Sinokuthi i-eclogue iyafana nombongo kwaye ezi zikholisa ukuba nomculo. Ngoko kwimeko ye-eclogue kwakuza kwenzeka into efanayo.
Isizathu kukuba zonke iivesi ekubunjwe kuzo zinemvano-siphelo yezandi ngendlela yokuba izandi zihambelane. kwaye udale isingqisho kunye nomculo.
Enyanisweni, xa bemele kuqhelekile ukuba zikhatshwe xa zicengcelezwa ngomculo.
Umxholo wothando
Lo yenye yeempawu eziphambili kwaye enye ekufuneka ihlale ikhona. Kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba isiqendu sothando sinxulumene, ngenxa yokuba ephuma endleleni yakhe ngenxa yothando lwakhe, okanye ngenxa yokuba luthando olungafunwayo.
Kodwa ngamaxesha onke, uthando luya kuhlala lungowona mxholo uphambili.
Abalingiswa
Kule meko i-eclogues ziphawulwa ngokuba nabalinganiswa abangabalusi okanye abahlwempuzekileyo, nangona inyaniso ikukuba, njengoko kwakuvela, oku kwatshintsha.
Ubume bayo
i-eclogue mayibe nestanza ezingama-30, ngasinye sinemigca eli-14 enokuba ziihendecasyllables (amalungu alishumi elinanye) okanye iiheptasyllables (amalungu asixhenxe).
Kwakhona, isicengcelezo sazo zonke kufuneka sibe ngamaqabane, oko kukuthi, amazwi okugqibela ezi ndinyana, akukhathaliseki nokuba mabini okanye ngaphezulu, anesandi esifanayo.
Njengomthetho jikelele, i-eclogues qala ngokwazisa abalinganiswa, nokuba ngabalisa okanye ngabo ngokwabo. Phantse kusoloko kuxhaphakile ukufumanisa ukuba umbhali ulibeka phambili igama laloo mlinganiswa ukuze yonke into eza emva kwayo ibe yinxalenye yayo, ngokungathi wayeyithetha.
Emva kwenkcazo-ntetho kuza ukubonakaliswa kwezo mvakalelo ngomlinganiswa okanye abalinganiswa, ezisoloko zikwimo yesihobe.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, Isiphelo se-eclogue sigxininisa kwindlela umbhali abagxotha ngayo abalinganiswa aze emva koko enze isiphelo somxholo awudalileyo.
Ababhali abadumileyo kunye neeclogues
Akungabazeki ukuba i-eclogues sele ikhona ixesha elide kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu kukho ababhali abathile abaqwalaselwa njengemizekelo ye-eclogues yendabuko, yakudala kunye nebalulekileyo.
UTheocritus ufanele akhankanywe njengegama lokuqala, ekubeni wayenguyise waba. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwakhe kwavela amanye amagama abalulekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, imeko kaMosco, iBion yaseSmirna okanye iVirgilio, eyayilapho ngokwenene baba nodumo baza baduma ngakumbi.
Ababhali abadumileyo ngakumbi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, nguNemesiano, Ausonio kunye noCalpurnio Siculo, kunye noGiovanni Boccaccio, uJacopo Sannazaro.
Ngokuphathelele abantu baseSpeyin, Kufuneka siqaqambise uLope de Vega, owaguqula iifomula zethiyetha kunye nemisebenzi efana ne "Isithandwa sokwenyani" okanye "La Arcadia" sihlale; UJuan Boscán, kunye namagqabantshintshi kumxholo wobufundisi; I-Garcilaso de la Vega, kunye "Nesililo esimnandi sabalusi ababini" okanye "Embindini wobusika kushushu"; UJuan del Encina; Pedro Soto de Rojas kunye nabanye.
Imizekelo ye-eclogue
Okokugqibela, sifuna ukukushiya imizekelo emininzi yee-eclogues esizifumene kwi-Intanethi ukuze ubone ukuba siyintoni isiphumo sokusebenzisa yonke into ebesiyikhankanyile ngaphambili.
"Isililo esiNto esimnandi sabalusi ababini" nguGarcilaso de la Vega
Isalice:
Owu, kunzima kunelitye lenyengane kwizikhalazo zam,
nomlilo odangazelayo enditshisa kuwo
kubanda kunekhephu, Galatea!
[...]
Nemorous:
Hayi iphelelwe lixesha, ililize kwaye ingxamile!
Ndiyakhumbula, ndilele apha iyure,
ndithe ndivuka ndabona uElisa ecaleni kwam.
"UIdyll IV. Abalusi” bakaTheocritus
ilulwane.
Corydon, khawutsho, zekabani iinkomo?
Ngaba basuka eFilondas?
eCorydon.
Hayi, ukusuka ku-Egon, ngoku
Undinike ukuba nditye.
ilulwane.
Uzifihle phi?
Ngemini yonke?
eCorydon.
amathole
Ixhego liyawabeka, lindigcine kakuhle.
ilulwane.
Khona umalusi engekho?
eCorydon.
Ngaba awuvanga? wahamba nayo
Milton ukuya kuAlfeyu. (…)
"I-Eclogue yePlácida kunye neVitoriano" nguJuan del Encina
(...) I-Placid.
intliziyo ebuhlungu,
chamomile ndinayo kuwe.
Owu ububi obukhulu, uxinzelelo olukhohlakeleyo!
Ndandingenalusini
I-Victorian yam
Ukuba iyahamba.
Kubuhlungu, kuza kwenzeka ntoni kum?
Yhoo ngobubi bam ndambona!
Andizange ndibe nayo kakubi,
Andinayo, ukuba uyafuna
kungabi lula kwaye njalo.
Esi sisilonda sam esibulalayo
Bendingaphila xa ndimbona.
Yabona okanye yintoni?
Ewe, wayengenalo ukholo kum,
kungangcono ukuba ahambe.
Kuhamba ntoni? Ndiyaphambana,
Ndithini na ukuqaqadeka okungaka!
Kubi kakhulu ukuba ichukumisa kakhulu,
iphume njani emlonyeni wam?
Owu, yintelekelelo ephambeneyo!
Phuma, phuma!
UThixo akafuni into enjalo,
ukuba ebomini bakho yeyam.
Ubomi bam, umzimba wam nomphefumlo wam
ngamandla abo bayathuthwa.
unam konke entendeni yakhe;
ebubini bam akupholi
kwaye imikhosi ifinyeziwe;
kwaye ziya zinde
iintlungu ezithatha ixesha elide kum
ukuba ukufa kuhambelana nokufa. (…)
"I-Eclogue III" nguVicent Andrés Estellés
Nemorous. (…)
Ndiyoyika ngale njikalanga - eofisini
kwezo mvakwemini zethu, zaloo mihla.
Belisa, ihlabathi lisingise kwintlekele.
Ndizakuqala ukucofa iphone
naliphi na inani: "Yiza, Belisa!"
Ndiyakhala, Belisa, phakathi kweekhredithi kunye ne-debits.
Ndikhalela kwiattic oyaziyo.
Belisa, ihlabathi lisingise kwintlekele!
I-Eclogue Antonia de Lope de Vega
Anthony:
Ndiyeke ndiziva apha kufutshane nencwina
kwaye andiqondi ukuba yayisisikrokro esililize
kuba iza kancinane kwisafire eluhlaza,
iiviolets zeCandida kusasa,
umhlobo wam umfundisi Feliciana.
Feliciana:
Akulilize ukuba idlelo eliluhlaza lifakwe iintyatyambo ngeentyatyambo.
Antonia wam, uphi?
"I-eclogue kuClaudio" nguGarcilaso de la Vega
Ngoko, emva kokulibaziseka okuninzi
ngokuthozama okunoxolo wabandezeleka,
ngenkani kunye nokunyanzeliswa
ngobuvuvu obuninzi,
baphuma phakathi kokuthobeka okugqwesileyo
iinyaniso eziphuma kumgodi womphefumlo.
[...]
Ndisendleleni yokufa kucace ngakumbi
kwaye kulo lonke ithemba ndiyarhoxa;
ukuba ndizimasa kuphela kwaye ndijonge
apho yonke into ima;
kuba andizange ndayibona loo nto emva kokuphila
abangakhange bajonge ukufa kuqala.
Ngaba uyayazi eminye imizekelo ye-eclogue?