imitha yombongo

imitha yombongo

Ukuze uqonde umbongo kufuneka wazi izinto ezahlukeneyo eziwuqambayo. Isihobe bubugcisa kwaye silandela uthotho lwemithetho imbongi eyazi kakuhle kwaye ofunda kakuhle isihobe angathanda ukwazi ngakumbi.. Kuyinyani ukuba kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kunye neminyaka imithetho ebisoloko ilandelwa olu hlobo loncwadi iye yabhetyebhetye ngakumbi. Kodwa le migaqo kufuneka iqondwe kuqala ukuze ukhethe kamva ukuba luhlobo luni lwemibongo ofuna ukuyidala, okanye ukonwabele ukufunda.

I-metric yombongo yenziwe zizinto ezithi ngaxa lithile sifunde sonke esikolweni; kwaye sisakhumbula namhlanje ngempumelelo engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi nobunzulu. Kweli nqaku siqokelela imigaqo ephambili kwimethrikhi yombongo.

Amagama okuqala: ivesi, isitanza kunye nombongo

Iivesi ngumgca ngamnye abumba umzimba wesicatshulwa sombongo kwaye ezixhomekeke kumlinganiselo.

Istanza, ithi iRoyal Spanish Academy "licandelo ngalinye yenziwe ngenani elifanayo leevesi kwaye zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo nezinye iingoma zemibongo.

Umbongo ke, sisakhiwo esipheleleyo. Inokuba nobude obuguquguqukayo kuxhomekeka kwinani leevesi kunye nohlobo lwendinyana eyenziwe ngayo.

I-metric isetyenziselwa ukukwazi ukulinganisa umbongo, kwaye iivesi zawo kunye nestanza zilinganiswe. Kuyanceda ukwakha isicatshulwa sombongo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi i-metric ukuba into esiyifunayo kukubhala imibongo okanye ukuyihlalutya. I-metric inezinto ezahlukeneyo ezilinganisa iivesi kunye nestanza: imvano-siphelo ethi ivesi iqheleke ibe ne-assonant okanye i-assonant, yobugcisa obukhulu okanye obuncinane ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lamalungu, apho kukho uhlobo lokulinganisa.

imvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi

Imvano-siphelo ye-consonant sesinye apho amagama okugqibela anemvano-siphelo ngokulandelelana, oko kukuthi, utshatisa izandi zekhonsonanti nezikhamiso. Umzekelo:

[…] umzimba wakho uyakumka, hayi inkathalo yakhokokuchitha;

Baya kuba luthuthu, kodwa iya kuba sengqiqweni;

baya kuba luthuli eluthulini eluthandwenikokuchitha«.

Imvano-siphelo ye-assonance ivumelana nezikhamiso kuphela. Umzekelo:

Akukho mbhalo we-alguna,

apho kuhlala khona ukulibala,

kuya kubakho t yamumba.

imephu enonxibelelwano

Iivesi zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nobugcisa obukhulu

iivesi zobugcisa ezincinci

Ezo vesi zinamalungu ukuya kutsho kwisibhozo. Ulwimi lwesiSpanish, ngenxa yesandi kunye nesingqisho salo, lunamalungu asibhozo njengevesi egqwesileyo. Iindinyana ezincinci zobugcisa zohlulwe zibe:

  • Ii-syllables ezi-2: bisílabo.
  • 3 amalungu: trisyllable.
  • 4 amalungu: itetrasyllable.
  • 5 iisilabhili: pentasílabo
  • 6 amalungu hexasílabo.
  • Iisilabhili ezisi-7: heptasílabo
  • 8 amalungu: octosyllable.

iivesi eziphambili zobugcisa

Skwiivesi ezenziwe ngeesilabhili ezingaphezu kwesibhozo. Kubugcisa obuphezulu beSpanish, ivesi ye-hendecasyllabic igqamile (nangenxa yempembelelo yaseTaliyane) edla ngokudityaniswa nezinye iivesi zobugcisa ezincinci kwiingoma zemibongo. Iindinyana zobugcisa eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

  • 9 amalungu: eneasílabo.
  • I-10 yamalungu: i-decasyllable.
  • 11 iisilabhili: hendecasyllable.
  • 12 iisilabhili: dodecasyllable.
  • 13 iisilabhili: tridecasílabo.
  • Amalungu ali-14: Isi-Alexandria.

Amagama abukhali kwaye adidekileyo

Amagama acacileyo afumaneka ngesiSpanish awona maninzi. Kwisicatshulwa sombongo abongezi okanye bacuthe igama elicacileyo lokugqibela levesi. Umzekelo:

"Okugqibela [amalungu ali-11] angavala amehlo am." "Pos-tré-ra" ligama elisicaba elingongezi silabhili esongezelelweyo kumbongo.

Kunoko, Imibongo eneevesi eziphela ngegama elibukhali okanye i-esdrújula iguqula inani lamalungu. I-Palabras agudas yongeza ilungu elinye kwaye i-esdrújulas ithabathe enye endaweni yoko.

Umzekelo wamagama abukhali: "Izidenge amadoda atyholayo [7+1 = 8] / abafazi ngaphandle kwesizathu [7+1 = 8]".

Umzekelo wamagama esdrújula: «Ndikhumbula ukuba kukho ihlabathi kwaye kukho iinyembezi [12-1=11]».

iilayisensi zemetriki

sinalefa

Kuyenzeka ukuba evesini igama liphele ngesikhamiso kunye nelandelayo. Kule meko, umqondiso wenziwa, oko kukuthi, isikhamiso sokugqibela nesokuqala ziyadityaniswa, zenza ilungu elinye. Umzekelo: igqabiaumoya (igqabi emoyeni).

umlaut

I-diaeresis ibonakala kakhulu kuba umbhali uyibeka ngabom, oko kukuthi, kubangela izikhamiso ezibini ekufuneka zihambe kunye zahlukane zibe ngamalungu amabini. Kukukhutshwa kwediphthong. Ngale ndlela, kwaye njengoko kwenzeka nakwezinye iilayisenisi, imbongi ifezekisa i-metric efunekayo. Umzekelo: Tri-Udumo-fo.

i-synersis

Ichasene ne-diaeresis. I-Syneresis idibanisa izikhamiso ezimbini ekuya kufuneka ukuba ngokomthetho zahlulwe kuba ayenzi ngokwemvelo idiphthong. Umzekelo :peor/poeewe.

I-Hiatus

I-hiatus icingela isichasi se-sinalefa. Izikhamiso ezibini emazidityaniswe (igama-igama lokugqibela kunye nesikhamiso esilandela igama) azenzi. Umzekelo: cingaa + en.

Iintlobo eziphambili zestanza

Kwi elandelayo nqaku uya kufumana iindidi eziphambili zestanza: couplet, tercet, soleá, quartet, redondilla, serpentesio, quatrain, copla, seguidilla, cuaderna vía, limerick, quintet, lyre, sextet, sextilla, broken foot couplet, eyesibhozo real, eyeshumi okanye i-spinel, i-sonnet, i-romance, i-silva.

imibongo kunye necwecwe kunye neentyatyambo

Uhlalutyo lwe "Uthando rhoqo, ngaphaya kokufa"

Okulandelayo siza kuhlalutya umbongo kaFrancisco de Quevedo. Yisonnet, le yifom yestrophic eyahlulwe yaba ziiquatrains ezimbini kunye neetriplets ezimbini, ezinemvano-siphelo. Ngale ndlela siya kuba nakho ukubonisa indlela yokubonisa inani lamalungu kwivesi, imvano-siphelo kunye nesakhiwo sestanza. Ungajonga ke oonobumba abakhulu abahambelana ne-hendecasyllables, oko kukuthi, i-arte mayor (ukuba bekukho oonobumba abancinci besiya kujongana neevesi ezincinci zobugcisa). Ngokukwanjalo, uyayibona indlela izicengcelezo ezidityaniswa ngayo nendlela izitanza ezilungelelaniswe ngayo. Umzekelo, lo mbongo unesakhiwo semetriki silandelayo: ABBA ABBA CDC DCD.

Ngamana amehlo am angavala ekugqibeleni [A]

isithunzi ukuba imini emhlophe iya kundithatha, [B]

kwaye uya kuba nako ukuwukhulula lo mphefumlo wam [B]

ixesha lokulangazelela ukuxhalaba kwakhe ukukhohlisa; [A]

kodwa hayi, kwelinye icala, elunxwemeni, [A]

iya kushiya inkumbulo, apho itshise khona: [B]

ukuqubha kuyawazi amanzi am abandayo edangatye, [B]

kwaye ulahlekelwe yintlonipho yomthetho oqatha. [A]

Umphefumlo oye waba nguthixo wentolongo, [C]

imithambo ehlekisayo kumlilo ongaka inike, [D]

imore ezitshise ngobuqaqawuli, [C]

umzimba wakho uya kumka, hayi inkathalo yakho; [D]

baya kuba luthuthu, kodwa iya kuba nengqiqo; [C]

Baya kuba luthuli, ngakumbi uthuli eluthandweni. [D]


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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
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