Iminqwazi emithathu ephezulu.
Iminqwazi emithathu ephezulu ngumdlalo ohlaziye uhlobo lokuhlekisa embindini wexesha elinzima eSpain naseYurophu. Olu hlobo lutsha lwaluzakubhaptizwa embindini wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX "njengobubudenge". Lo mboniso wawubonakaliswe ngokuchasana nemigaqo yesiko yaseshashalazini yaseshashalazini, nangona ngaphandle kokuzikhulula ngokupheleleyo kwisikimu esiqhelekileyo esenziwe ngendlela, ungquzulwano kunye nesiphumo.
Kubhalwe ngu UMiguel Mihura kwi1932, Iminqwazi emithathu ephezulu ayizange ipapashwe de kwangowe-1947 Isiteji sayo sokuqala saqala ngo-1952. Kukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezinye izinto ezazisenzeka ngelo xesha, ezinje ngeqonga lezopolitiko, elalibalasele kwimixholo yempikiswano yoluntu. Le meko ikwavelele ekuphuculeni ulwimi lwesihobe njengendlela yokuvuselela nokuveza imood.
Sobre el autor
Ukuzalwa kunye nothotho lokuqala
UMiguel Mihura wazalelwa eMadrid, eSpain, ngoJulayi 21, 1905. Uyise wayengumdlali weqonga owaziwayo kwikomkhulu laseSpain, awathi wakhulela kulo uqhelene kakhulu nemidlalo yeqonga. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yayingumbhali wekholamu kunye noopopayi kwiimagazini ezinje I-Gutiérrez, iMacaco, uQiniso oluLungileyo y Ndiyabonga kakhulu. Ngexesha le-1920s wayesebenza njengentatheli.
Ukufika kwe Iminqwazi emithathu ikopi
Ngowe-1932 kwafikelela incopho Iminqwazi emithathu ephezulu, ithathwa njengenye yobugcisa bemidlalo yeqonga yaseSpain. Nangona kunjalo, ukwamkelwa kwendalo yakhe akwenzekanga ngokukhawuleza, kwenzeka ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka emva kokusekwa kunye nokuyalelwa kwemagazini phakathi kuka-1941 no-1946. Izagwityi, upapasho oluqwalaselwe ngokubaluleka okukhulu kwimbali yehlazo laseSpain.
Eminye imisebenzi
Ezinye izinto ezihlekisayo ezenziwa nguMihura zibandakanya Phila ixesha elingenakwenzeka! okanye umgcini zincwadi weenyanga (njengombhali-mbhali, 1939), Akukho mpofu okanye isityebi, ngokuchaseneyo (1943) Ityala lomfazi obuleweyo (1946) Isigqibo esiphakamileyo! (1955) UMaribel kunye nosapho olungaqhelekanga (1959) kunye UNinette kunye nendoda evela eMurcia (1964), phakathi kwabanye. Inkululeko, ukungathandi imeko yesiqhelo yentlalo kunye nokukhululwa kwabafazi yimixholo rhoqo kwiibali zakhe.
Ukuqaphela kunye neminyaka edlulileyo
Umsebenzi wakhe wamva nje, Uthando kunye nenyanga kuphela zizisa ithamsanqa, isusela ngo-1968. Ukongeza, wasebenzisana nakwisicatshulwa se-cinematographic kwiimveliso ezibalulekileyo ezinje Wamkelekile uMnu. Marshall (phantsi kolawulo lukaLuis García Berlanga). UMiguel Mihura wakhethwa ngo-1976 ukuba abe ngusihlalo K weRoyal Spanish Academy yoLwimi, nangona kunjalo, akazange afunde intetho yokungeniswa. Usweleke ngo-Okthobha u-1977, eMadrid.
UMiguel Mihura.
Umxholo weeHats ezintathu eziPhezulu
Uphawu
Isimboli yenye yeempawu ezahlukileyo zomsebenzi owenziwe nguMihura. Kwizimvo zakhe intelekelelo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekubonakaliseni nasekuvuseleleni iimvakalelo. Kwangokunjalo, ingxelo ibalaselisa ukungqubana kokuziphatha kwelo xesha, kunye nengxaki yesazisi eveliswe kukungqubana phakathi kwembonakalo ekucwangciswe ngayo kunye nenyani.
Ukucacisa
Ubuntununtunu obunobumba bokubonakalisa ubutyebi sisibonelelo esixhaphakileyo xa kuchazwa ukusebenza kwengqondo yabalinganiswa. Kungenxa yokuba zonke izinto ezikhoyo kumzobo ngamnye (amaqela okuhlwa okanye iminqwazi ilungiswe ngendlela ethile egumbini, umzekelo) yimiboniso yamadabi athile asengqondweni yomntu ngamnye.
Ukulinganisa
UDionisio, ophambili, ubonakalisa ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi oluhlupheke ngabantu abaninzi abavela kwiiklasi ezenza kakuhle xa kufuneka benze isigqibo phakathi kobukho obuqhelekileyo obucwangcisiweyo-obudikayo, eneneni-okanye ubomi bobugcisa obunobudlelwane obuncinci, obungenakulindeleka kwaye obungenantlonelo. Umbhali usebenzisa ukuhlekisa ukuhleka ubugwala babo bakhetha ukuhlala kukhuseleko lwabaziwayo endaweni yokungaqiniseki okunomdla. Oku kusikhumbuza Imidlalo yeqonga yaseSpain yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Isicatshulwa sokuziphatha okuhle
Ekuphuhlisweni kwebali, kuhlala kukho indelelo kwimifanekiso eqhelekileyo kunye ne-corny commons ye-puritanical morality kunye ne-protocol norms of bourgeois society. Emva koko, uMihura uthathe ithuba lokusingqongileyo ukuphumeza indlela entsha yedrama elawulwa ngamanani e-acrobatic, mimes, ulwimi olungenangqondo kunye nefantasy, ngokufanayo, iingxaki zemihla ngemihla zisondela ngethoni yokuhlekisa.
Enye imvelaphi ecingelwayo yomsebenzi
NgokukaRosa Martínez Graciá noCaridad Miralles Alcobas (2016), "umsebenzi ubhalwe ngenxa yokuqhekeka kothando olunyanzelekileyo". Kuyabonakala ukuba, inyani kunye neentsomi zixutywe kunye nemiboniso yombhali kwimida yenkohlakalo yomntu. Iingcinga ezivela "kuhambo lwakhe nenkampani kaAlady, ulwazi lakhe ngeholo lomculo kunye namantombazana adanisayo, kunye nemeko yakhe yeemvakalelo" ziyahlangana.
Ukuphuhliswa kwesiqwenga seHats ezintathu eziPhezulu
Umsebenzi wahlulwe kathathu. Ingabula-zigcawu ibonisa umtshato ongalinganiyo osondele kakhulu ukuba yenzeke, phakathi komqeshwa ohluphekileyo ozivelelayo ozimiseleyo ukwamkela ukunyanzelwa kwamasiko angoohlohlesakhe kunye nentombazana esisityebi ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ngale ndlela, umlinganiswa ophambili (uDionisio) unethemba lokuqinisekisa uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kunye noxolo kubomi bakhe bonke emva kweminyaka esixhenxe bethandana.
Umthetho i
Kwinto yokuqala, uDionisio uhlala kwihotele encinci yephondo kusuku olungaphambi komtshato wakhe Kunye noMargarita, intombi kaDon Sacramento. Okwangoku apho uDon Rosario - umnini wehostele-ambonisa igumbi. Emva kwexesha, uPaula, umdanisi omhle noyinxalenye yenkampani yemagazini, wangena. Ekuqaleni wayefuna ukumtyhola ngokusebenzisa uBuby omnyama. Kodwa uPaula wenza impazamo kuDionisio ngenxa yokuba ezama iminqwazi ephezulu xa eza kuvela. Emva koko amanye amantombazana avela kwinkampani angena kwindawo yesehlo kwaye uDionisio wanikezela kunyanzeliso lukaPaula lokummema kwitheko eliqala ngokungenantlonelo kwigumbi elilandelayo.
Quote nguMiguel Mihura.
Umthetho ii
Isenzo sesibini siqala ngoDionisio (sele eneziselo ezimbalwa ngaphezulu) onwabile embindini wetheko. Kwangelo xesha, kungqubana phakathi kukaPaula kunye namalungu aliqela enkampani. Oku kuyancomeka ngakumbi xa esanga uDionisio emva koko benze izicwangciso zokushiya kunye. Inyaniso mayixelelwe, uPaula naye uneminqweno yakhe yokuyeka ubomi bakhe obunzima bemihla ngemihla njengomdanisi.
Umthetho iii
Kwisenzo sesithathu, yonke inkohliso kaDionisio noPaula iyasasazeka xa kuvela uDon Sacramento. Ufika ukuza kumkhalimela umkhwenyana wakhe wangomsoba ngokungaphenduli iminxeba emininzi uMargarita awayenzelwe kuye ubusuku bonke. Okwalo mzuzu uPaula uyaqonda ukuba uDionisio akanguye umjita, kuba enyanisweni unomtshato ekugqibeleni kwaye ubomi bonke bucwangcisiwe.
UDionisio ucacisa gca ukuba akafuni kutshata. Kodwa uPaula uyamnceda ukunxiba nokumnika umnqwazi wesine (kufaneleke ngakumbi, ngokweekhrayitheriya zentombazana) awayehlala edanisa eCharleston. Ekugqibeleni, uDionisio ukhokelwa nguDon Rosario ngelixa ebulisa umdanisi oshiyekileyo ecinga ngeminye iminqwazi emithathu ephezulu… ayiphosa emoyeni ekhala.