Emily Dickinson: imibongo

UEmily Dickinson (1830-1886) wayeyimbongi yaseMelika ethathwa njengomnye wabameli ababalulekileyo bolu hlobo loncwadi kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelixa wayehlala, bambalwa ababesazi ngeetalente zakhe njengombhali, kuphela usapho kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo. Emva kokufa kwakhe nokufunyanwa kwemibhalo yakhe ngudade wabo, kwaqala ukupapashwa kwemibongo yakhe ephantse ibe yi-1800.

Ngexesha elifutshane, u-Emily Dickinson wahamba ekungaziwani ukuba abe ngumntu ofanelekileyo kwihlabathi leembongi. Iileta kunye nemibongo yakhe yimbonakaliso yobukho bakheZiqulathe amabali othando lwakhe, ubuhlobo, kwiimeko ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo awayephila kuzo. Kumbutho kunye nokusasazwa kwelifa lakhe lobumbongi, uLavinia Dickinson wagqama, Mabel Loomis Todd, Thomas Higginson, Martha Dickinson Bianchi kunye noThomas H. Johnson.

Imibongo kaEmily Dickinson

Xa ndibala imbewu

Xa ndibala imbewu

ihlwayelwe apho ezantsi

ukuchuma ngolu hlobo, ecaleni;

xa ndihlola abantu

uphantsi kangakanani na

ukuba phezulu kakhulu;

xa ndicinga igadi

ukuze umntu angaboni

ithuba livuna amaqombothi

kwaye uyiphephe le nyosi,

Ndiyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwehlobo, ngaphandle kwesikhalazo.

Sika i-lark-kwaye uya kufumana umculo-

ibhalbhu emva kwebhalbhu, ihlanjwe ngesilivere,

isandula ukuziswa ngentsasa yehlobo

Igcinelwe indlebe yakho xa ilute indala.

Ndinokuba ndedwa ngaphandle kwesithukuthezi sam ...

Ndinokuba lilolo ngaphandle kwesithukuthezi sam

Sendiyiqhelile idestiny yam

mhlawumbi olunye uxolo,

inokuphazamisa ubumnyama

Kwaye ugcwalise igumbi elincinci

mncinci kakhulu ngomlinganiselo

ukugcina umthendeleko wakhe,

Andiqhelanga themba

inokuphazamisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho okumnandi,

yonakalisa indawo eyalelwe ukubandezeleka,

kuya kuba lula ukutshabalala kunye nomhlaba,

kunokoyisa usingasiqithi wam oluhlaza,

batshabalale ngovuyo.

Ukuqiniseka

Andizange ndilibone ilizwe eliyinkqantosi

nolwandle andizange ndilubone

kodwa ndiwabonile amehlo eshwangusha

Kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ayintoni amaza

Andizange ndithethe noThixo

ndingazange ndimtyelele neZulu,

kodwa ndiqinisekile apho ndisuka khona

ngokungathi bandinike ikhosi.

133

Amanzi afundwa lunxano.

Umhlaba - ngokuwela iiLwandle.

I-Ecstasy—ngenxa yentlungu—

ILa Paz-iimfazwe ziyayixela-

Uthando, ngomngxuma weMemori.

Iintaka, zekhephu.

292

Ukuba isibindi siyakushiya—

Hlala ngaphezu kwaKhe-

Ngamanye amaxesha ungqiyama eNgcwabeni,

Ukuba uyoyika ukuphambuka-

Yindawo ekhuselekileyo—

Zange iphosakele

Kwezo ngalo zeBronze-

Ayisiyiyo eyona Ngxilimbela—

Ukuba umphefumlo wakho uyangcangcazela—

Vula umnyango wenyama—

I-Coward idinga iOxygen—

Akukho Okuninzi-

Endandihlala ndiyithanda

Endandihlala ndiyithanda

Ndikuphathele ubungqina

de ndathanda

Andizange ndiphile - ixesha elide-

endiza kusoloko ndiyithanda

Ndiza kuxoxa nawe

yintoni uthando bubomi

nobomi bokungafi

oku - ukuba uyathandabuza - sithandwa,

ke andinayo

akukho nto yokubonisa

ngaphandle kwekalvari

Ulwazi olufutshane ngebhayografi ngombhali, uEmily Dickinson

Ukuzalwa kunye nemvelaphi

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson Wazalwa ngoDisemba 10, 1830, eAmherst, Massachusetts. Abazali bakhe yayingu-Edward Dickinson - igqwetha elaziwayo- kunye noEmily Norcross Dickinson. ENew England usapho lwakhe lwalulonwabele udumo nentlonipho njengoko ookhokho bakhe babengabahlohli abaziwayo, abezopolitiko kunye namagqwetha.

Bobabini utatomkhulu wakhe-uSamuel Fowler Dickinson-kunye noyise benza ubomi bezopolitiko eMassachusetts. Owayesakuba yiJaji yaseHampton County amashumi amane eminyaka, lowo wokugqibela enguMmeli kaRhulumente kunye noSenator. Ngo-1821, aba babini baseka iziko lemfundo labucala i-Amherst College.

Hermanos

UEmily wayeyintombi yesibini yesibini sikaDickinson; owamazibulo nguAustin, owazalwa ngo-1829. Lo mfana wafumana imfundo kwi Amherst College kwaye waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard njengegqwetha. Ngowe-1956, UAustin watshata nomhlobo wodade wabo, uSusan Huntington Gilbert. Owokugqibela wasala usondele kakhulu kuEmily, ibiyi umntu ozithembayo kunye nembali yemibongo yakhe emininzi.

Ngowe-1833 kwazalwa intombi encinci yesibini sikaDickinson, Lavinia -Vinnie-, Iqabane elithembekileyo likaEmily kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Enkosi kuVinnie - umntu othanda kakhulu udade wabo- sinolwazi olufutshane malunga nombhali. Enyanisweni, yayinguLavinia owanceda uEmily ukuba agcine indlela yakhe yokuphila yedwa kunye nokuba yedwa, kwaye wayengomnye wabantu abambalwa ababewazi umsebenzi wakhe wemibongo ngelo xesha.

Izifundo ezisetyenzisiweyo

Ngowe-1838, iKholeji yaseAmherst —Eyayiyeyamadoda kuphela—ivumele ukubhaliswa kwabasetyhini kwiziko. Kwakunje Kwangena uEmily, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ukuba latsho iziko lemfundo, apho wafumana uqeqesho olupheleleyo. Phakathi kweenkalo zokufunda wagqwesa kuncwadi, kwimbali, kwijiyoloji nakwibhayoloji, ngelixa imathematika yayinzima kuye.

Ngokufanayo, kweli ziko wafunda iilwimi ezininzi, apho isiGrike nesiLatini ibalasele, iilwimi ezamvumela ukuba afunde iincwadi ezibalulekileyo ngolwimi lokuqala. Ngokucetyiswa nguyise, wafunda isiJamani kunye nomphathi we-academy. Njengemisebenzi yangaphandle, wafumana izifundo zepiyano kunye nomakazi wakhe, ukongeza ekuculeni, egadini, kwifloriculture kunye nehorticulture. Olu rhwebo lokugqibela lwangena nzulu kuye kangangokuba waluqhelisela ubomi bakhe bonke.

Abalinganiswa ababalulekileyo bakaDickinson

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, UDickinson wadibana nabantu abamfundisa ukufunda, ngaloo ndlela emphawula kakuhle. Phakathi kwabo gqama umcebisi wakhe kunye nomhlobo uThomas Wentworth Higginson, BF Newton kunye noMfundisi uCharles Wadsworth. Bonke bagcina ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nembongi, kwaye ezininzi iileta zakhe ezidumileyo - apho wayebonakalisa amava kunye neemvakalelo zakhe - zazibhekiswa kubo.

Ukufa

Ngomfanekiso ongapheliyo wesifo sezintso (nephritis, ngokweengcali) kwaye emva kokudakumba okubangelwa kukufa komtshana wakhe omncinci, imbongi yafa ngoMeyi 15, 1886.

Isibongo sikaDickinson

Umxholo

UDickinson wabhala ngento awayeyazi kunye nezinto ezazimkhathaza, kwaye, ngokweploti, wongeza ukuchukumisa uburharha okanye isigqebelo. Phakathi kwemixholo ekhoyo kwimibongo yakhe yile: indalo, uthando, ubuni, ukufa nokungafi.

Uhlobo

Ubhale uDickinson imibongo emininzi mfutshane kunye nesithethi esinye, ebhekisa ku "Mna" (ayisoloko ingumbhali) rhoqo kumntu wokuqala. Ngokuphathelele oku, wathi: "Xa ndizibhengeza, njengoMmeli weVesi, ayithethi mna, kodwa umntu ocingelwayo" (L268). Ngokunjalo, ezimbalwa zemisebenzi yakhe zinesihloko; emva kokuhlelwa, ezinye zichongwe ngemigca yazo yokuqala okanye amanani.

Upapasho lwemibongo kaDickinson

Imibongo epapashwe ebomini

Ngoxa imbongi yayisaphila, kwavela imibhalo yayo embalwa kuphela. Ezinye zazo zapapashwa kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni IRiphabhlikhi yoSuku lweSpringfield, ekhokelwa nguSamuel Bowles. Akukaziwa ukuba uDickinson unike ugunyaziso lokunikezela kwayo; phakathi kwazo kukho:

• "Sic transit gloria mundi" (ngoFebruwari 20, 1852) enesihloko esithi "A Valentine"
• "Akukho mntu uyazi le rose incinci" (ngo-Agasti 2, 1858) enesihloko esithi "Inenekazi, nge rose"
• "Ndazama utywala obungazange benziwe" (ngoMeyi 4, 1861) kunye nesihloko esithi "I-May-Wine"
• "Ekhuselekile kumagumbi abo e-Alabaster" (ngoMatshi 1, 1862) enesihloko esithi "Ukulala"

Ukusuka kwiimpapasho ezenziwe kwi IRiphabhlikhi yoSuku lweSpringfield, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo “Yayingumhlobo osondeleyo engceni”—ngoFebruwari 14, 1866—. Emva koko lo mbhalo wawugqalwa njengobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kube nagunya lembongi ngokubhengezwa kwayo. Kutyholwa ukuba ithathwe kuye ngaphandle kwemvume ngumntu amthembileyo, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba nguSusan Gilbert.

Imibongo (1890)

Emva kokuba uLavinia efumene amakhulu emibongo kadadewabo, wagqiba kwelokuba ayipapashe. Kule nto, uMabel Loomis Todd wafuna uncedo, owayephethe ukuhlela izinto kunye no-TW Higginson. Izicatshulwa bezinotshintsho olwahlukahlukeneyo, olunjengokufakwa kwezihloko, ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi yaye kwezinye iimeko amagama aye achatshazelwa ukunika intsingiselo okanye imvano-siphelo.

Emva kokuphumelela kolu khetho lokuqala, UTodd noHigginson bapapasha ezinye iincwadi ezimbini ezinegama elifanayo ngowe-1891 nangowe-1896..

Iileta ezivela kuEmily Dickinson (1894)

Yingqokelela yeziphoso ezivela kwimbongi—yeentsapho nezihlobo. Umsebenzi wahlelwa nguMabel Loomis Todd ngoncedo lukaLavinia Dickinson. Le ncwadi yayinemiqulu emibini enoonobumba abakhethiweyo ababebonisa icala lobuzalwana nelothando lembongi.

I-Hound enye: Imibongo yobomi bonke (I-Hound Yodwa: Imibongo yoBomi bonke, 1914)

Lupapasho lokuqala kwiqela leengqokelela ezintandathu zemibongo ehlelwe ngumtshana wakhe uMartha Dickinson Bianchi. Wagqiba kwelokuba aqhubeke nelifa lika-anti wakhe, kuba oku wasebenzisa imibhalo-ngqangi awayifumana njengelifa kuLavinia noSusan Dickinson. Olu hlelo lwenziwe ngobuchule, ngaphandle kokuguqula imvano-siphelo nangaphandle kokuchonga imihobe, ngoko ke, bezisondelelene nezantlandlolo.

Olunye uqulunqo lukaMartha Dickinson Bianchi lwaba:

• Ubomi kunye neeleta zikaEmily Dickinson (1924)
• Imibongo eGqibeleleyo kaEmily Dickinson (1924)
• Eminye imibongo nguEmily Dickinson (1929)
• Imibongo kaEmily Dickinson: Ushicilelo lwekhulu leminyaka (1930)
• Imibongo engekapapashwa nguEmily Dickinson (1935)

IiBolts zeMelody: Imibongo emitsha kaEmily Dickinson (1945)

Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yokupapashwa kwayo kokugqibela, uMabel Loomis Todd wagqiba kwelokuba ahlele imibongo eyayisele kaDickinson.. Waqala le projekthi ekhuthazwa ngumsebenzi owenziwe nguBianchi. Ukwenza oku, wayenenkxaso yentombi yakhe uMillicent. Nangona ngelishwa akazange aphile ukuze abone usukelo lwakhe lufezekiswa, indlalifa yakhe yalugqiba yaze yalupapasha ngo-1945.

Imibongo kaEmily Dickinson (1945)

Ihlelwe ngumbhali uThomas H. Johnson, iqulethe yonke imibongo eyakhankanywa ngelo xesha. Kule meko, umhleli usebenze ngokuthe ngqo kwimibhalo-ngqangi yokuqala, esebenzisa ukuchaneka okukhethekileyo kunye nenkathalo. Emva kokusebenza nzima, walungelelanisa isibhalo ngasinye ngokolandelelwano lwamaxesha. Nangona kungekho nanye eyayibhalwe umhla, yayisekelwe kwiinguqu zombhali ekubhaleni.