Matilda

Matilda yincwadi yodidi lwabantwana ebhalwe ngumbhali wenoveli owaziwayo uRoald Dahl. Inguqulelo yayo yoqobo kwiAnglo-Saxon yapapashwa ngo-Okthobha u-1988 kwaye yabonisa imifanekiso nguBriton Quentin Blake. Uhlelo lwayo ngesiSpanish lwenziwa nguMhleli Alfaguara ngenguqulelo kaPedro Barbadillo; le nguqulo igcine umsebenzi kaBlake.

Matilda Elinye lawona mabali aphumeleleyo kumbhali waseBritane; Namhlanje izigidi zeekopi zomsebenzi zithengisiwe. Inoveli-ngaphandle kokuba yincwadi yabantwana-yoyisa izizukulwana ezininzi, konke kubulelwe kuyilo kunye nokubalisa amabali okubalaseleyo kombhali. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo ephawulekayo, ngo-1996 kwahanjiswa ifilimu yokuqhelanisa nefani; Ifilimu yayibhekiswe nguDanny Devito.

Isishwankathelo seMatilda

Kancinci kancinci

UMatilda yintombazana eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ehlala nabazali bayo kunye nomntakwabo kwidolophu encinci yesiNgesi. Yena Uyintombazana engoyikiyo nenomdla, owathi kwiminyaka emi-3 kuphela ubudala wafunda ukuzifundela. Ukusukela oko wafumanisa indalo iphela yeencwadi, ubomi bakhe batshintsha. Ngethuba elifutshane kakhulu wafunda ababhali abaliqela, abathi bandise ulwazi lwabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukungaqondwa kakuhle lusapho lwayo

Ngelishwa, Abazali bakaMatilda abayixabisanga italente yakheBacinga ukuba yinto kwaye bahlala behlekisa ngaye. Bona, njengesohlwayo, bamnyanzela ukuba abukele umabonwakude kangangeeyure, abakhange bamthengele iincwadi ezintsha Baye bamshiya yedwa emva kwemini. Kungekudala uMatilda waqaphela ukuba wayekrelekrele kunabazali bakhe, ke waqala ukungazihoyi izimvo zabo zasendle malunga nokubaluleke kakhulu.

Izifundo zaselayibrari nezesikolo

Kuba uMatilda wayengekho nabazali bakhe imini yonke, Ugqibe kwelokuba aye kwilayibrari yonke imihla, ukuze anelise umnqweno wakhe wokufunda. Apho waziva onwabe kakhulu, kuba wayenokufunda ngaphandle kweengxaki kwaye afumane ulwazi olutsha. Yonke into awayeyifunda ngokufunda kwakhe yamvumela ukuba avele koontanga bakhe yesikolo.

Utitshala omnandi vs umphathi oyintloko

Isakhono sikaMatilda ngokufunda kunye nezibalo bamangaliswa utitshala Honey, owacela ukuba anyuselwe kwinqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuzange kwamkelwe kakuhle ngumlawuli uTrunchbull, kwaye, esebenzisa kakubi isikhundla sakhe, wasikhaba isicelo. Oku kuziphatha akuzange kumothuse utitshala, kuba ingqumbo embi "yegunya" yayisele ilwazi loluntu; eneneni, kwakuqhelekile ukuba umfazi ongcolileyo abaphathe kakubi abantwana aze abohlwaye ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Utshintsho kubomi

Sele ungene kwisiqwenga, UMatilda wafumanisa ukuba wayenolunye uhlobo lobuchule bengqondo: telekinesis (Wayenokuzihambisa izinto ngengqondo yakhe). Ekuphuhliseni olo buchule, Ubusi babuxhasa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa kwe La "mandla makhulu" enze ukuba uMatilda ajongane namandla angaphezulu imiqobo emibini emikhulu ebesele ihluphekile ngayo: ukusikelwa umda okubekwe ngu Abazali bakhe kunye nenkcaso kunye nokuxhatshazwa kweTrunchbull engendawo.

Idatha esisiseko yomsebenzi

Yincwadi yenoveli yohlobo uncwadi lwabantwana ityhila ngaphezulu kwamaphepha angama-248 ahlulelwe Izahluko ezimfutshane ezingama-21. Imbali yile uxelelwe ngumbali owazi yonke into. Isicatshulwa sinikezelwe ngesigama esilula esivumela ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo nangokukhawuleza.

Abalingiswa

Umhlonyane kaMatilda

Ungumlinganiswa ophambili ebalini. Imalunga ne umntwana ozimeleyo onobukrelekrele, onenkathalo kunye nobungangamsha obungaqhelekanga bendalo. Uhlala elahlwa kwaye ehlukunyezwa ngabazali bakhe. Ubomi bentombazana encinci buyatshintsha xa ingena kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, enkosi ngenkxaso nothando lukatitshala wakhe kunye nobudlelwane abumiselayo kunye nabahlobo bakhe abatsha.

Inkosi yobusi

Ungutitshala wesikolo saseprayimari, unothando kwaye uzinikele kubafundi bakhe. UMatilda ngomnye wabancinci abaphantsi kwakhe. Ukusuka kwintlanganiso yokuqala, Zombini ziba nothando olukhethekileyo. Ulwalamano lwabo luyomeleza ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba i-Honey iba ngumntu ophambili kubomi be-protagonist.

UMlawuli weTrunchbull

Ukongeza ekubeni ngumsebenzi wokukhokela kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, Ngumchasi womsebenzi. Ubuntu bakhe buchasene ngokupheleleyo noMaster Honey. Ngokwasemzimbeni ichazwa njenge Umfazi owomeleleyo nonobuso obubi. Phakathi kwezinto abazithandayo Iqaqambisa ukonwaba kokusebenzisa isohlwayo esiqatha nesikhohlakeleyo ebantwaneni, njengokuzivalela iiyure kwigumbi elimnyama.

Mnu noNksk. Umhlonyane

Ngabazali bemvelo kaMatilda omncinci. Bobabini banemikhwa emibi kwaye bane-IQ ephantsi kakhulu. Umama ungumngcakazi ongaphangeliyo kwaye ngaphezulu. Kwinxalenye yayo, Utata uzinikele kurhwebo lwezithuthi ezinemvelaphi ethandabuzekayo, emgcina esengxakini yomthetho rhoqo.

Abanye abalinganiswa

UMichael ungumzalwana omdala kaMatilda, umfana owayelikhoboka lokubukela umabonwakude kwaye ugqithisiwe ngabazali bakhe - abayisebenzisayo ukuhlazisa umntwana. Ukongeza, kukho amaqabane kaMatilda, phakathi kwawo apho evekileyo uLavender, intombazana engenasibindi eba ngumhlobo omkhulu we-protagonist.

Malunga nombhali, uRoald Dahl

URoald Dahl wazalwa ngoSeptemba 13, 1916 eCardiff, idolophu eseLlandaff, eWales. Abazali bakhe yayinguSofie Magdalene Hesselberg noHarald Dahl, bobabini baseNorway. Wayefunda kumabanga akhe aphantsi kwiCathedra School nakwisikolo iSt, ngelixa ezisekondari zazisesikolweni iRepton.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Kwiminyaka eyi-18 waqala ukusebenza kwiRoyal Dutch Shell, inkampani yeoyile eyamvumela ukuba aphile kamnandi. Ngo-1939 wajoyina iRoyal Air ForceApho wenza uqeqesho lokuqala lwenqwelomoya kwaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva wanikwa ibhetali yama-80 yeRAF. 1940, ngelixa sisuka eYiphutha sisiya eLibya, wafumana ingozi embi eyamshiya engaboni kangangeenyanga ezimbini.

Umsebenzi woncwadi

1942 Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali, sokanye kuqala umboniso ibingumdlalo I-peasy elula, eyapapashwa kwi NgeMigqibelo yoMgqibelo. Libali elisekwe kwingozi yenqwelomoya. Emva koko, wazisa umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wabantwana: Iigremlins Ngo-1943. Ukudala ezi ncwadi abantwana ezizodwa kuye kwamzisela ingqalelo enkulu zoncwadi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe impumelelo ibonakala: UCharlie kunye noMzi-mveliso weTshokholethi (1964), Amagqwirha (1983) kunye noMatilda (1988).

UDahl naye wazibandakanya kuhlobo lwabantu abadala, eneentsomi zoburharha obumnyama neziphelo ezingalindelekanga. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wabhala ngaphezulu kwamashumi amathandathu amabali alolu hlobo apapashwa kwiimagazini ezinje: Harper kaThixo, playboy y Ijenali yasekhaya yeLadies. Emva kwexesha, ezi zahlanganiswa zaba zii-anthologies. Kwakhona, amanye amabali aguqulelwe kwifilimu nakumabonwakude, anje ngala: Amadoda oMzantsi y Amabali okungalindelekanga.

Kwii-60s wabhala izikripthi ze-cinema, enye yazo yayinjalo UJames Bond, Kuphela uhlala kabini, uhlengahlengiso lwenoveli nguIan Fleming. Ngo-1971 waguqula enye yeencwadi zabantwana bakhe ukuba zenze ifilimu UWilly Wonka kunye noMzi mveliso weTshokholethi.

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, UDahl waba ngumbhali obalaseleyo. Wayephatha iinoveli, imibongo, amabali kunye neempendulo ngokulula. Ukuzinikezela kwakhe kwenziwa kwacaca hayi kuphela ngomsebenzi wakhe obanzi kwaye ecaciswe kakuhle, kodwa nangokulawula ukuthengisa ngaphezulu kwe-200 yezigidi zeekopi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukufa

URoald Dahl wasweleka e-Great Missenden ngo-Novemba 23, 1990, emva kokuphulukana nedabi leukemia.

Eminye imisebenzi kaRoald Dahl

Iincwadi zabantwana

• Iigremlins (1943)
• James kunye iphitshi umakhulu (1961)
• UCharlie kunye noMzi-mveliso weTshokholethi (1964)
• Umnwe womlingo (1966)
• I-Super Fox (1970)
• UCharlie kunye nelifti yeglasi enkulu (1972)
• UDanny intshatsheli yehlabathi (1975)
• El ingwenya enkulu (1978)
• Ii cretins (1980)
• Amayeza amnandi kaJorge (1981)
• Isikhulu esikhulu esihle (1982)
• Amagqwirha (1983)
• Indlulamthi, ingcwangube nenkawu (1985)
• Matilda (1988)
• UAgu Trot (1990)
• Ummeli othethe ebuya umva (1991)
• Iimimpins (1991)

I-anthology yebali

• Utshintsho olukhulu (1974)
• Amabali amafutshane aRoald Dahl (1978)
• IGenesis nentlekele (1980)
• Amabali angaqhelekanga (1977)
• Iimbali ezingalindelekanga (1979)
• Impindezelo yeyam eMzantsi Afrika (1980)
• Gqibezela amabali (2013)